土壤调理剂对滨海盐碱地土壤盐分含量及夏玉米产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.33069

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to provide the theoretical basis for the selection of suitable soil conditioners for summer maize field in coastal saline-alkali land, we analyzed the effects of different types of soil conditioners on soil salt content of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, and 30-40 cm layers of summer maize fields in coastal saline-alkali land, root morphology, and grain yield of maize. In 2022-2023 maize growth seasons, the experiments were conducted in coastal saline-alkali summer field at Binzhou, Shandong province. The experiments were designed with the completely random block experimental design, with no soil conditioner as the control (CK), three different types of soil conditioners treatments: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium conditioner (T1), silica-calcium-potassium -magnesium zeolite conditioner (T2), and silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium polymer (PAM) conditioner (T3) were set up for studying the effects of different types of soil conditioners on soil salt content of 0-40 cm layer, root morphology, leaf area index, biomass of shoot, nitrogen accumulation amount of shoot and grain yield in maize. The results indicated that, at V6 stage, compared with CK, the total salt content and Na⁺ content of 20-30 cm soil layer in T1 and T3 treatments decreased by 6.88% and 23.00%, 28.82%, and 17.44%, respectively, but the HCO₃^- content of 20-30 cm soil layer increased by 10.97% and 5.66%, respectively. At R1 stage, compared with CK, the total salt content and Na⁺ content of 10-40 cm soil layer in T2 treatment decreased by 9.07% and 14.11%, respectively. The HCO₃^- content of 10-40 cm soil layer increased by 21.35%. The decrease of soil total salt content was beneficial for the growth of root and shoot. Compared with CK, at R1 stage, the average root length per plant of 0-40 cm soil layer was increased by 17.56%, 74.83%, and 33.53% in T1, T2, and T3 treatments, respectively. The average root surface per plant was increased by 33.35% and 27.44% in T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. The average root dry weight per plant were increased by 14.58% and 11.93% in T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. Compared with CK, T1, T2, and T3 treatments significantly increased the leaf area index, shoot biomass, and nitrogen accumulation, thus increasing the grain yield of summer maize. Compared with CK, the grain yield of T1, T2, and T3 treatments were increased by 3.81%, 8.22%, and 4.72% in 2022, and by 8.08%, 18.88%, and 15.95% in 2023, respectively. In conclusion, in the conditions of our experiments, silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium zeolite conditioner effectively reduced soil salt content at R1 stage in maize, alleviated salt stress, promoted root and shoot growth, increased shoot nitrogen accumulation and biomass, and thus significantly increasing grain yield in maize, which was the best soil conditioner for improving summer maize growth in saline-alkali coastal land.

Key words: coastal saline-alkali land, soil conditioners, soil salt content, root, grain yield

HAN Xiao-Chen, ZHANG Gui-Qin, WANG Ya-Hui, REN Hao, WANG Hong-Zhang, LIU Guo-Li, LIN Dian-Xu, WANG Zi-Qiang, ZHANG Ji-Wang, ZHAO Bin, REN Bao-Zhao, LIU Peng. Effects of soil conditioners on soil salinity content and maize yield in coastal saline-alkali land[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(7): 1776-1786.

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土层 Soil depth (cm)	土壤主要盐分离子含量 Soil salt ion content (mg kg^-1)							土壤总盐含量 Soil total salt content (g kg^-1)
土层 Soil depth (cm)	Na⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	HCO₃^-	SO₄^2-	土壤总盐含量 Soil total salt content (g kg^-1)
0-10	297.40	9.27	95.33	26.23	140.38	533.75	244.00	1.35
10-20	285.13	5.79	75.33	22.37	148.89	564.25	244.80	1.37
20-30	315.89	3.21	84.00	15.86	116.99	569.33	264.00	1.38
30-40	329.10	8.36	61.33	20.33	104.22	630.33	239.20	1.39

处理 Treatment	氮素积累量Nitrogen accumulation (kg hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	V6	R1	R3	R6
CK	9.38 b	84.67 b	143.78 c	205.52 b
T1	9.83 b	110.41 a	146.17 bc	227.98 a
T2	11.27 a	110.96 a	178.66 a	239.71 a
T3	12.07 a	117.61 a	160.75 b	227.19 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	公顷穗数 Actual ears (×10⁴ ear hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (t hm^-2)
2022	CK	5.74 a	582.97 c	332.49 a	11.13 c
	T1	5.70 a	599.57 b	337.83 a	11.55 b
	T2	5.74 a	628.93 a	333.55 a	12.04 a
	T3	5.74 a	602.27 b	337.06 a	11.65 b
2023	CK	6.15 a	524.71 c	293.95 a	9.48 c
	T1	6.19 a	553.16 b	299.37 a	10.24 b
	T2	6.15 a	599.33 a	305.78 a	11.27 a
	T3	6.15 a	569.56 b	313.87 a	10.99 a

Effects of soil conditioners on soil salinity content and maize yield in coastal saline-alkali land

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