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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (7): 1776-1786.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.33069

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of soil conditioners on soil salinity content and maize yield in coastal saline-alkali land

HAN Xiao-Chen1(), ZHANG Gui-Qin1, WANG Ya-Hui1, REN Hao1, WANG Hong-Zhang1, LIU Guo-Li2, LIN Dian-Xu3, WANG Zi-Qiang4, ZHANG Ji-Wang1, ZHAO Bin1, REN Bao-Zhao1, LIU Peng1,*()   

  1. 1Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Maize Technology Innovation Center / College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Agriculture and rural Bureau of Wudi County, Wudi 251900, Shandong, China
    3Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Xiaobotou Town, Wudi County, Wudi 251900, Shandong, China
    4Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Binzhou, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China
  • Received:2023-11-23 Accepted:2024-01-30 Online:2024-07-12 Published:2024-02-20
  • Contact: *E-mail: liup@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(LJNY202103);Shandong Province Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation(SDAIT-02-08);Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province(2021CXGC010804-05);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1201700)

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Abstract:

In order to provide the theoretical basis for the selection of suitable soil conditioners for summer maize field in coastal saline-alkali land, we analyzed the effects of different types of soil conditioners on soil salt content of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, and 30-40 cm layers of summer maize fields in coastal saline-alkali land, root morphology, and grain yield of maize. In 2022-2023 maize growth seasons, the experiments were conducted in coastal saline-alkali summer field at Binzhou, Shandong province. The experiments were designed with the completely random block experimental design, with no soil conditioner as the control (CK), three different types of soil conditioners treatments: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium conditioner (T1), silica-calcium-potassium -magnesium zeolite conditioner (T2), and silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium polymer (PAM) conditioner (T3) were set up for studying the effects of different types of soil conditioners on soil salt content of 0-40 cm layer, root morphology, leaf area index, biomass of shoot, nitrogen accumulation amount of shoot and grain yield in maize. The results indicated that, at V6 stage, compared with CK, the total salt content and Na+ content of 20-30 cm soil layer in T1 and T3 treatments decreased by 6.88% and 23.00%, 28.82%, and 17.44%, respectively, but the HCO3- content of 20-30 cm soil layer increased by 10.97% and 5.66%, respectively. At R1 stage, compared with CK, the total salt content and Na+ content of 10-40 cm soil layer in T2 treatment decreased by 9.07% and 14.11%, respectively. The HCO3- content of 10-40 cm soil layer increased by 21.35%. The decrease of soil total salt content was beneficial for the growth of root and shoot. Compared with CK, at R1 stage, the average root length per plant of 0-40 cm soil layer was increased by 17.56%, 74.83%, and 33.53% in T1, T2, and T3 treatments, respectively. The average root surface per plant was increased by 33.35% and 27.44% in T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. The average root dry weight per plant were increased by 14.58% and 11.93% in T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. Compared with CK, T1, T2, and T3 treatments significantly increased the leaf area index, shoot biomass, and nitrogen accumulation, thus increasing the grain yield of summer maize. Compared with CK, the grain yield of T1, T2, and T3 treatments were increased by 3.81%, 8.22%, and 4.72% in 2022, and by 8.08%, 18.88%, and 15.95% in 2023, respectively. In conclusion, in the conditions of our experiments, silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium zeolite conditioner effectively reduced soil salt content at R1 stage in maize, alleviated salt stress, promoted root and shoot growth, increased shoot nitrogen accumulation and biomass, and thus significantly increasing grain yield in maize, which was the best soil conditioner for improving summer maize growth in saline-alkali coastal land.

Key words: coastal saline-alkali land, soil conditioners, soil salt content, root, grain yield

Table 1

Soil salt ion content before sowing"

土层
Soil depth
(cm)		 土壤主要盐分离子含量 Soil salt ion content (mg kg-1) 土壤总盐含量
Soil total salt content
(g kg-1)
Na+ K+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl- HCO3- SO42-
0-10 297.40 9.27 95.33 26.23 140.38 533.75 244.00 1.35
10-20 285.13 5.79 75.33 22.37 148.89 564.25 244.80 1.37
20-30 315.89 3.21 84.00 15.86 116.99 569.33 264.00 1.38
30-40 329.10 8.36 61.33 20.33 104.22 630.33 239.20 1.39

Fig. 1

Daily mean temperature (line) and rainfall (bar) during growth period in summer maize"

Fig. 2

Effects of soil conditioners on soil total salt content of 0?40 cm layer at different growth stages of maize in 2022 Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level among the treatments in the same year. CK: no using conditioner; T1: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium conditioner; T2: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium zeolite conditioner; T3: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium polymer conditioner."

Fig. 3

Effects of soil conditioners on soil Na+ content of 0?40 cm layer at different growth stages of maize in 2022 Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level among the treatments in the same year. CK: no using conditioner; T1: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium conditioner; T2: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium zeolite conditioner; T3: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium polymer conditioner."

Fig. 4

Effects of soil conditioners on soil HCO3- content of 0?40 cm layer at different growth stages of maize in 2022 Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level among the treatments in the same year. CK: no using conditioner; T1: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium conditioner; T2: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium zeolite conditioner; T3: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium polymer conditioner."

Fig. 5

Effects of soil conditioners on leaf area index of maize at different growth stages Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level among the treatments in the same year. CK: no using conditioner; T1: silica-calcium-potassium- magnesium conditioner; T2: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium zeolite conditioner; T3: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium polymer conditioner."

Fig. 6

Effects of soil conditioners on shoot biomass of maize at different growth stages Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level among the treatments in the same year. CK: no using conditioner; T1: silica-calcium-potassium- magnesium conditioner; T2: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium zeolite conditioner; T3: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium polymer conditioner."

Fig. 7

Effect of soil conditioners on average root length, average root surface, average root volume and average root weight per plant of maize in 0?40 cm layer at R1 stage in 2022 Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 probability level among the treatments in the same year. CK: no using conditioner; T1: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium conditioner; T2: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium zeolite conditioner; T3: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium polymer conditioner."

Table 2

Effects of soil conditioners on shoot nitrogen accumulation of maize at different growth stages in 2022"

处理
Treatment		 氮素积累量Nitrogen accumulation (kg hm-2)
V6 R1 R3 R6
CK 9.38 b 84.67 b 143.78 c 205.52 b
T1 9.83 b 110.41 a 146.17 bc 227.98 a
T2 11.27 a 110.96 a 178.66 a 239.71 a
T3 12.07 a 117.61 a 160.75 b 227.19 a

Table 3

Effects of soil conditioners on grain yield and yield components of maize"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 公顷穗数
Actual ears
(×104 ear hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grains per ear		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)
2022 CK 5.74 a 582.97 c 332.49 a 11.13 c
T1 5.70 a 599.57 b 337.83 a 11.55 b
T2 5.74 a 628.93 a 333.55 a 12.04 a
T3 5.74 a 602.27 b 337.06 a 11.65 b
2023 CK 6.15 a 524.71 c 293.95 a 9.48 c
T1 6.19 a 553.16 b 299.37 a 10.24 b
T2 6.15 a 599.33 a 305.78 a 11.27 a
T3 6.15 a 569.56 b 313.87 a 10.99 a
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