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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (10): 2528-2537.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.44012

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Genetic diversity analysis and evaluation of domestic and international cotton germplasm resources under different planting environments

SHANG Hong-Yan1(), PU Jing1, KE Hui-Feng1, GU Qi-Shen1, SUN Zheng-Wen1, YANG Jun1, WANG Guo-Ning1, ZHANG Yan1, LU Huai-Yu2, XU Dong-Yong2, WU Li-Qiang1, MA Zhi-Ying1, WANG Xing-Fen1,*(), WU Jin-Hua1,*()   

  1. 1Hebei Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation / North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
    2Hejian Guoxin Rural Technical Service Association, Hejian 062450, Hebei, China
  • Received:2024-01-17 Accepted:2024-05-21 Online:2024-10-12 Published:2024-06-26
  • Contact: *E-mail: nxywjh@126.com;E-mail: cotton@hebau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Program of Hebei(21326314D);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (Cotton, CARS-15-03)

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Abstract:

Currently, there are several issues in cotton breeding in China, including the high uniformity of existing varieties, declining genetic diversity of germplasm resources, and underutilization of valuable gene resources. In light of these challenges, a comprehensive assessment and analysis of genetic diversity were conducted on 415 cotton germplasm resources collected from three major cotton regions in China (Yellow River Basin, Yangtze River Basin, and Northwest Inland) as well as international sources. The evaluation encompassed three yield traits and seven fiber quality traits in three different locations: Sanya city, Hainan province; Hejian city, Hebei province; and Xinji city, Hebei province. The findings revealed that Hainan exhibited the highest fiber weight per boll and lint percentage but had relatively poor fiber quality. Hejian displayed the highest boll weight and superior fiber quality, while Xinji had the lowest yield performance. Additionally, it was observed that 10 phenotypic traits demonstrated significant variation and abundant genetic diversity across all three environments. Notably, there were significant differences among cotton germplasm resources from different origins, except for fiber length, uniformity, and short fiber percentage. Germplasm resources from the Yellow River Basin showed the best yield traits, highest fiber length, and fiber strength, with the largest proportion of materials surpassing the ‘double 30’ threshold. However, these resources had relatively high Micronaire values. Germplasm resources from the Yangtze River Basin exhibited higher fiber weight per boll and lint percentage. Foreign germplasm resources displayed higher boll weight but the lowest lint percentage. Correlation and cluster analyses demonstrated predominantly positive associations among yield traits, leading to the classification of germplasm resources into five categories. Furthermore, a factor analysis was conducted to comprehensively rank the tested materials, resulting in the identification of several elite resources. These included seven germplasm resources with large boll weight ( > 7 g), 26 with high lint percentage ( > 42%), 11 with high fiber length and strength surpassing the ‘30’ threshold, and nine resources exhibiting excellent comprehensive traits. These findings provide valuable parental materials for cotton breeding and serve as a crucial foundation for further research endeavors.

Key words: cotton, germplasm resources, yield, fiber quality, elite resources

Table 1

Performance of major yield traits in different environments"

环境
Environment		 性状
Trait		 均值
Mean		 最大值
Max.		 最小值
Min.		 极差
Range		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 偏度
Skewness		 峰度
Kurtosis		 多样性指数
H'
2022 SY 单铃重
BW (g)		 5.96 7.97 3.78 4.19 0.73 12.18 0.20 -0.07 2.07
2022 HJ 6.06 7.88 4.09 3.79 0.62 10.23 0.19 0.36 2.06
2022 XJ 5.94 7.91 3.73 4.18 0.71 11.98 -0.03 0.03 2.08
2022 SY 单铃纤维重
FWPB (g)		 2.50 3.59 1.50 2.09 0.38 15.15 0.13 0.01 2.09
2022 HJ 2.16 3.18 1.16 2.02 0.35 16.30 0.16 0.08 2.07
2022 XJ 2.03 3.23 1.28 1.95 0.33 16.35 0.30 -0.20 2.08
2022 SY 衣分
LP (%)		 41.89 51.13 30.50 20.63 3.91 9.34 -0.29 -0.28 2.09
2022 HJ 35.60 46.72 22.03 24.69 4.37 12.28 0.14 -0.30 2.08
2022 XJ 34.18 42.65 24.07 18.58 3.61 10.56 0.04 -0.70 2.08

Table 2

Fiber quality traits and its variations under different experimental environments"

环境
Environment		 性状
Trait		 均值
Mean		 最大值
Max.		 最小值
Min.		 极差
Range		 标准差
SD		 变异
系数
CV (%)		 偏度
Skewness		 峰度
Kurtosis		 多样性指数
H'
2022 SY 纤维长度
FL (mm)		 26.70 32.86 22.46 10.40 1.77 6.65 0.52 0.43 2.06
2022 HJ 29.28 33.60 24.02 9.58 1.50 5.14 -0.04 0.57 2.06
2022 XJ 28.03 34.27 23.67 10.60 1.54 5.50 0.15 0.52 2.07
2022 SY 断裂比强度
FS (cN tex-1)		 27.10 36.02 20.97 15.05 2.57 9.47 0.56 0.60 2.04
2022 HJ 32.55 42.51 25.40 17.11 2.80 8.61 0.42 0.50 2.05
2022 XJ 31.73 42.93 19.59 23.34 3.01 9.49 -0.09 1.28 2.03
2022 SY 马克隆值
FM		 4.71 5.81 3.12 2.69 0.44 9.33 -0.13 0.06 2.07
2022 HJ 4.73 6.22 3.30 2.92 0.50 10.65 0.09 -0.12 2.08
2022 XJ 4.76 6.07 3.35 2.72 0.48 10.13 -0.21 0.02 2.07
2022 SY 整齐度指数
FU (%)		 84.21 88.15 80.40 7.75 1.45 1.73 0.06 -0.26 2.08
2022 HJ 85.28 88.08 81.80 6.28 1.16 1.37 -0.29 -0.11 2.09
2022 XJ 84.52 87.86 79.22 8.64 1.33 1.57 -0.64 1.40 2.03
2022 SY 伸长率
FE (%)		 10.42 12.66 7.66 5.00 0.89 8.50 -0.24 0.06 2.09
2022 HJ 8.53 10.63 6.27 4.36 0.77 9.05 0.11 -0.08 2.08
2022 XJ 8.06 10.96 5.88 5.08 0.81 10.10 0.33 0.17 2.06
2022 SY 成熟度
MAT		 0.84 0.88 0.80 0.08 0.01 1.44 0.07 0.15 2.08
2022 HJ 0.86 0.90 0.82 0.08 0.01 1.67 0.24 -0.05 2.08
2022 XJ 0.86 0.90 0.82 0.08 0.01 1.50 -0.17 0.23 2.04
2022 SY 短纤维率
SFI (%)		 7.16 10.57 4.68 5.89 1.10 15.32 0.37 -0.36 2.07
2022 HJ 7.06 9.54 5.41 4.13 0.78 11.06 0.60 -0.02 2.05
2022 XJ 7.31 11.52 5.38 6.14 0.95 13.03 0.86 1.38 2.01

Table 3

Variance analysis of yield and quality traits of tested materials (F-value)"

变异来源
Source of
variation		 单铃重
BW		 单铃
纤维重
FWPB		 衣分
LP		 纤维
长度
FL		 断裂比
强度
FS		 马克
隆值
FM		 整齐度
FU		 伸长率
FE		 成熟度
MAT		 短纤
维率
SFI
基因型Genotype 2.90** 4.64** 10.06** 5.24** 3.58** 5.51** 2.13** 4.24** 4.75** 1.80**
环境Environment 6.26** 424.41** 1777.81** 640.06** 849.82** 3.58* 98.16** 1993.10** 622.04** 9.25**

Table 4

Analysis of phenotypic variation of cotton germplasm resources in different regions"

性状
Trait		 黄河流域棉区
Yellow River Basin		 长江流域棉区
Yangtze River Basin		 西北内陆棉区
Northwest Inland		 国外
Foreign countries		 F值 F-value
平均值
Mean		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均值
Mean		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均值
Mean		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均值
Mean		 变异系数
CV (%)
单铃重 BW (g) 6.08 8.66 5.87 7.25 5.85 9.87 6.01 9.00 3.70*
单铃纤维重 FWPB (g) 2.45 12.21 2.23 9.68 2.14 12.69 2.10 11.44 44.07**
衣分 LP (%) 40.34 7.20 38.02 7.50 36.57 9.06 35.04 7.87 80.21**
纤维长度 FL (mm) 28.13 4.85 28.07 5.34 27.85 3.99 27.93 4.88 0.76
断裂比强度 FS (cN tex-1) 31.12 7.23 30.15 8.04 30.47 6.86 30.17 6.93 4.94**
马克隆值 FM 5.05 7.53 4.70 6.72 4.52 9.14 4.60 7.33 43.28**
整齐度指数 FU (%) 84.85 1.08 84.55 1.17 84.75 1.06 84.58 1.11 2.38
伸长率FE (%) 8.94 7.45 9.15 7.80 9.17 6.53 8.93 7.55 3.17*
成熟度 MAT 0.86 1.20 0.85 0.86 0.85 1.20 0.85 1.09 43.30**
短纤维率 SFI (%) 7.15 8.87 7.23 9.07 7.11 9.73 7.19 9.12 0.42

Fig. 1

Correlation analysis of yield and fiber traits * indicates significance at P < 0.05;** indicates significance at P < 0.01. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Tables 1 and 2."

Fig. 2

Cluster dendrogram of tested cotton germplasm resources"

Table 5

Performance of traits in various types of germplasm"

类群
Group		 参数
Parameter		 单铃重
BW (g)		 单铃纤
维重
FWPB (g)		 衣分
LP (%)		 纤维长度
FL
(mm)		 断裂比
强度
FS
(cN tex-1)		 马克
隆值
FM		 整齐度
FU
(%)		 伸长率
FE (%)		 成熟度
MAT		 短纤维率
SFI
(%)
I 平均值 Mean 5.95 2.11 35.48 27.72 29.77 4.62 84.48 9.04 0.85 7.29
最大值 Max. 7.38 2.72 40.42 30.64 34.05 5.62 86.65 11.03 0.88 9.20
最小值 Min. 4.63 1.51 28.14 24.26 25.01 3.64 81.42 7.16 0.83 5.80
标准差 SD 0.51 0.22 2.48 1.21 1.75 0.34 0.86 0.64 0.01 0.64
变异系数 CV (%) 8.51 10.58 6.98 4.37 5.87 7.32 1.02 7.04 1.04 8.73
II 平均值 Mean 6.24 2.19 35.14 23.82 26.98 5.22 80.93 10.29 0.85 8.58
III 平均值 Mean 5.74 1.74 30.29 29.32 32.71 4.11 84.90 8.77 0.84 6.98
最大值 Max. 6.37 1.92 30.67 30.66 33.77 4.73 85.37 9.54 0.85 7.39
最小值 Min. 5.06 1.53 30.11 28.09 31.65 3.64 83.95 7.00 0.83 6.64
标准差 SD 0.47 0.14 0.21 1.00 0.69 0.37 0.52 0.92 0.01 0.24
变异系数 CV (%) 8.16 7.94 0.69 3.41 2.12 9.07 0.62 10.48 1.17 3.49
IV 平均值 Mean 6.04 2.18 36.18 30.64 35.27 4.49 86.06 8.36 0.85 6.43
最大值 Max. 7.42 2.66 38.80 32.86 39.05 5.10 87.37 9.34 0.87 7.45
最小值 Min. 5.02 1.80 33.06 28.93 32.21 3.73 84.92 7.09 0.83 5.74
标准差 SD 0.68 0.21 1.68 0.94 1.50 0.37 0.70 0.64 0.01 0.46
变异系数 CV (%) 11.31 9.53 4.66 3.07 4.25 8.28 0.81 7.66 1.23 7.12
V 平均值 Mean 6.06 2.53 41.76 28.08 31.00 5.06 84.85 9.05 0.86 7.08
最大值 Max. 7.58 3.26 46.02 30.64 34.68 5.82 86.97 10.89 0.89 9.31
最小值 Min. 4.73 1.90 38.62 25.35 25.10 4.15 82.54 7.35 0.83 5.92
标准差 SD 0.53 0.23 1.49 1.10 1.97 0.36 0.86 0.70 0.01 0.62
变异系数 CV (%) 8.83 9.25 3.57 3.93 6.35 7.05 1.02 7.68 1.23 8.70

Table 6

Eigenvalues of common factors, contribution rates and the rotated factor loading matrix"

性状Trait 第一公因子F1 第二公因子F2 第三公因子F3 第四公因子F4
整齐度 FU 0.92 0.02 0.11 0.05
短纤维率 SFI 0.88 0.05 0.01 0.12
纤维长度 FL 0.83 -0.17 0.16 -0.19
断裂比强度 FS 0.80 0.16 -0.05 -0.32
马克隆值 FM 0.13 -0.91 -0.01 0.02
成熟度 MAT 0.02 0.86 0.08 -0.44
衣分 LP 0.17 0.79 0.19 0.28
单铃重 BW 0.05 0 0.95 -0.15
单铃纤维重 FWPB 0.15 0.59 0.77 0.10
伸长率 FE -0.13 0 -0.10 0.94
特征值Numerical value 3.04 2.58 1.58 1.35
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 30.38 25.83 15.78 13.48
累计贡献率Cumulative percentage (%) 30.38 56.21 71.99 85.47

Table 7

Performance of nine varieties with superior traits"

品种名称
Name		 单铃重
BW (g)		 单铃纤
维重
FWPB (g)		 衣分
LP (%)		 纤维长度
FL (mm)		 断裂比强度
FS
(cN tex-1)		 马克隆值
FM		 整齐度
FU (%)		 伸长率
FE (%)		 成熟度
MAT		 短纤维率
SFI (%)
冀资61 Jizi 61 7.31 3.02 41.28 29.00 31.22 4.75 85.60 8.57 0.86 6.67
FH87 5.76 2.33 40.60 28.93 30.80 4.57 86.59 9.97 0.84 6.22
冀资72 Jizi 72 6.27 2.53 40.61 30.45 34.65 4.55 86.12 8.96 0.85 6.95
冀资73 Jizi 73 6.13 2.47 40.36 30.64 32.88 4.86 85.64 8.72 0.86 6.92
苏研6004 Suyan 6004 6.15 2.55 41.42 28.75 33.10 4.81 85.33 8.46 0.86 6.48
安农121 Annong 121 6.37 2.54 40.09 29.00 30.29 4.72 85.43 9.50 0.85 6.85
鲁R0295 Lu R0295 5.68 2.37 41.78 28.02 32.11 4.59 85.46 9.33 0.85 6.38
鄂棉7号 Emian 7 6.08 2.48 41.09 29.88 32.43 4.55 85.98 8.29 0.85 6.49
冀资78 Jizi 78 6.11 2.57 42.22 29.68 30.98 4.83 85.18 8.66 0.86 7.39
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