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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (12): 3304-3316.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.55040

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of phosphorus application on yield formation and phosphorus use efficiency in late-sown rapeseed

QIN Meng-Qian1,NING Ning2,CHENG Tai3,LI Kang-Li4,ZHANG Xin-Bei4,ZHAO Xin-Yue1,ZHANG Zhe5,ZHAO Jie1,KUAI Jie1,WANG Jing1,WANG Bo1,XU Zheng-Hua1,*,ZHOU Guang-Sheng1   

  1. 1 College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; 2 Dangyang Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Supervision Station, Dangyang 444105, Hubei, China; 3 Hubei Department of Rape Production Management, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; 4 Jingmen Meteorological Bureau, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China; 5 National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, China
  • Received:2025-06-26 Revised:2025-09-10 Accepted:2025-09-10 Online:2025-12-12 Published:2025-09-23
  • Contact: 徐正华, E-mail: xzh@mail.hzau.edu.cn E-mail:2606844018@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province (2023BBB028) and the Open Competition Program of Hubei Province (HBZY2023B001-01).

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Abstract:

To clarify the effects of phosphorus application on yield formation and phosphorus use efficiency in late-sown rapeseed, a two-year field experiment using the cultivar Huayouza 137 was conducted in Wuhan, employing a single-factor design focused on phosphorus levels. The results showed that phosphate fertilizer application significantly improved the yield of late-sown rapeseed, with the number of pods per plant being the primary contributing factor (P < 0.05). Compared with the P0 treatment (no phosphorus), yields increased by 16.83%–24.63% and 22.99%–34.95% over the two years, while the number of pods per plant rose by 14.51%–37.46% and 26.35%–53.83%, respectively. Plant height, root crown diameter, silique thickness, effective branch height, number of effective branches, phosphorus content, phosphorus accumulation, dry matter weight, and lodging resistance all exhibited an increasing trend that eventually stabilized, with no significant differences observed between the P3 (120 kg hm?2) and P4 (150 kg hm?2) treatments. As phosphorus application increased, the phosphorus use efficiency initially rose and then declined, peaking under the P2 (90 kg hm?2) treatment. Partial factor productivity of phosphorus decreased with increasing phosphorus rates, while agronomic efficiency was highest under the P2 and P3 treatments. The contribution rate of phosphorus was maximized under the P3 and P4 treatments. In conclusion, phosphate fertilizer application enhanced the yield, dry matter accumulation, lodging resistance, and phosphorus use efficiency of late-sown rapeseed. However, excessive phosphorus input led to reduced fertilizer use efficiency without further improvements in yield, biomass, or lodging resistance. Therefore, under the premise of maintaining stable yield and lodging resistance, phosphorus application at the P3 level is optimal for improving productivity and phosphorus use efficiency in late-sown rapeseed, thereby maximizing economic returns.

Key words: rapeseed, late-sowing, phosphate application, yield, phosphate use efficiency

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