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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (06): 873-885.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00873

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Mulching and Nitrogen Application on Photosynthetic Characteristicsand Yield Traits in Broomcorn Millet

ZHOU Yu1,**,SU Wang1,2,**,WANG Jian2, QU Yang1,3,GAO Xiao-Li1,YANG Pu1,FENG Bai-Li1,*   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China; 2 Research Institute of Biotechnology, Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Xining 810016, China; 3 Baoji Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Qishan 722400, China
  • Received:2015-12-03 Revised:2016-03-14 Online:2016-06-12 Published:2016-03-21
  • Contact: 冯佰利, E-mail: 7012766@163.com, Tel: 13891852175 E-mail:xinganmermer@163.com
  • Supported by:

    The work was supported by National Key Technology Support Program of China (2014BAD07B03), the Natural Science Foundation of China (31371529), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-07-12.5-A9), and the Coarse Cereals Agro-industry Technology Research System of Shaanxi Province.

Abstract:

To reveal the mechanism of effects of mulching and nitrogen fertilizer on yield of broomcorn millet, we employed a split-plot design in variety Yumi 2 with mulching as main plot and nitrogen rates as subplot. In a three-year field experiment from 2011 to 2013, we investigated and related the variation of photosynthetic characteristics and yield traits indices under different mulching patterns and nitrogen rates. The results showed that compared with traditional planting (no mulching and no nitrogen), all mulching patterns and nitrogen fertilizer treatments could significantly increase chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate Pn, stomatal conductance Gsand transpiration rate Tr, and decrease intercellular CO2 concentration Ci of flag leaves from flowering to maturity in broomcorn millet, among which “W” ridge covered with common plastic film + intredune covered with straw (M4) and 180 kg ha–1 of nitrogen rate (N4) caused the most significant improvement on photosynthesis. All mulching patterns and nitrogen fertilizer treatments could significantly improve dry matter accumulation and allocation amount at flowering and maturity stages. In addition, the mulching and nitrogen fertilizer treatments significantly reduced pre-flowering reserves translocation and contribution to grain, but increased post-flowering assimilates allocation and contribution to grain. Mulching could significantly improve the grain yield, thousand grain weight, panicle grain number and panicle length of broomcorn millet, and M4 treatment showed the greatest improvement. With the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer rates, broomcorn millet grain yield and thousand grain weight increased at first and declined then, but panicle grain number and panicle length constantly increased. The best rate of nitrogen fertilizer applied in Loess Plateau was between 135 and 145 kg·ha–1. Therefore, the combination of “W” ridge covered with common plastic film + intredune covered with straw and nitrogen rate from 135 to 145 kg·ha–1 could be considered as the most efficient cultivation measure to broomcorn millet in Loess Plateau.

Key words: Broomcorn millet, Mulching, Nitrogen fertilizer, Photosynthetic characteristic, Dry matter, Yield

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