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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 1032-1042.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01032

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Lower Leaf Senescence on Carbon and Nitrogen Distribution and Yield Formation in Maize (Zea mays L.) with High Planting Density

Rong-Fa LI,Peng LIU,Qing-Long YANG,Hao REN,Shu-Ting DONG,Ji-Wang ZHANG,Bin ZHAO   

  1. Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’ an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2017-11-14 Accepted:2018-03-20 Online:2018-07-10 Published:2018-04-09
  • Contact: Peng LIU
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (2016YFD0300106), the Shandong Modern Agricultural Industry Technical System Project (SDAIT-02-08), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771713, 37011576), and the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02-20).

Abstract:

Increasing the population density accelerates the senescence of lower leaves, affecting carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.), and also influencing N uptake by roots after silking. We used the maize varieties Denghai 661 and Zhengdan 958 in field and soil column experiments to analyse of changed of C and N distribution, root system function and plant dry matter accumulation in high plant density at post-silking. The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of the ear leaf showed a significant decrease. Compared with CK, Denghai 661, and Zhengdan 958 decreased the photosynthetic translocation from at lower leaves to roots. Root biomass, root length density and root surface area were also negatively affected post-silking. The reduction of root function significantly reduced nitrogen uptake and leaf photosynthetic rate and leading to accelerate leaf senescence process at post-silking. Grain yield decreased 7.61% in Denghai 661 and 8.35% in Zhengdan 958. Zhengdan 958 had earlier leaf senescence, lower leaf area and net photosynthetic rate than Denghai 661, significantly decreasing dry matter accumulation and yield. In conclusion, lower leaf senescence accelerates root senescence, decreases nitrogen uptake, whole plant green leaves area and photosynthetic duration, eventually reduced dry matter accumulation and yield.

Key words: lower leaves senescence, summer maize, carbon and nitrogen distribution, root capability

Table 1

Soil nutrient content in 0-20 cm soil before sowing"

年份
Year
有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)
全氮
Total nitrogen
(g kg-1)
碱解氮
Alkaline-hydrolytic N (mg kg-1)
速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)
速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
201511.361.1056.3526.17106.84
201611.071.0552.3626.37104.28

"

Fig. 2

Effect of different treatments on leaf area per plant R1: silking; R3: milk; R5: dough. Other abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2."

Table 2

Effect of different treatments on grain yields and yield components of maize"

年份
Year
品种
Variety
处理
Treatment
单株籽粒产量
Grain yield per plant
(g plant-1)
穗粒数
Grain number
(ear-1)
千粒重
1000-kernel weight
(g)
2015登海661
DH661
CK159.1 c456.1 e349.0 a
S-1/2143.4 d431.4 f332.3 a
郑单958
ZD958
CK159.8 c481.7 d332.1 a
S-1/2140.8 d414.2 f340.1 a
2016登海661
DH661

郑单958
ZD958
CK175.6 a577.5 a304.0 b
S-1/2166.2 b546.3 b306.2 b
CK168.7 b521.2 c312.7 b
S-1/2159.7 c505.4 c314.9 b
年份 Year (Y)******
品种 Variety (V)****NS
处理 Treatment (T)****NS
年份×品种 Y × V****NS
年份×处理 Y × T***NS
品种×处理 V × TNSNSNS
年份×品种×处理Y × V × TNS**NS

Fig. 3

Effect of different treatments on content of Chl a+b R1: silking; R3: milk; R5: dough. Other abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 4

Effect of different treatments on net photosynthetic rate R1: silking; R3: milk; R5: dough. Other abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2."

Table 3

Distribution of 13C in different plant organs under different treatments after silking"

年份
Year
品种
Variety
处理
Treatment
13C分配 13C distribution (%)
根 Root茎 Stalk叶 Leaf粒 Grain
2015登海661
DH661
CK7.33 e31.84 d13.38 a47.44 c
S-1/26.28 g31.22 d11.30 b51.36 a
郑单958
ZD958
CK6.90 f34.67 b13.18 a45.25 d
S-1/25.36 h37.37 a10.24 c47.03 c
2016登海661
DH661
CK9.90 a28.80 e10.32 c50.97 a
S-1/29.57 b28.90 e9.85 d51.68 a
郑单958
ZD958
CK8.80 c33.56 c10.13 cd47.52 c
S-1/28.53 d33.49 c8.83 e49.14 b

Table 4

Morphological and dry weight of roots at harvest under different treatments"

年份
Year
品种
Variety
处理
Treatment
根系生物量
Root biomass (g)
根长密度
Root length density (cm cm-3)
根系表面积
Root surface area (m2)
R1R6R1R6R1R6
2015登海661
DH661
CK26.36 d22.27 b1.74 d1.52 a1.69 b1.38 a
S-1/225.86 d18.45 de1.76 cd1.36 b1.73 ab1.10 de
郑单958
ZD958
CK21.82 e19.16 d1.61 e1.31 b1.32 d1.21 bc
S-1/221.50 e17.96 e1.61 e1.06 c1.35 d0.93 g
2016登海661
DH661
CK29.36 a24.58 a1.95 a1.59 a1.77 a1.24 b
S-1/228.94 ab20.52 c1.93 a1.49 b1.75 a1.03 f
郑单958
ZD958
CK27.95 bc24.46 a1.83 bc1.53 a1.54 c1.16 cd
S-1/227.70 c21.30 c1.84 b1.33 b1.54 c1.03 ef

Table 5

15N accumulation of different plant organs at harvest of DH661 and ZD958 under different treatments"

年份
Year
品种
Variety
处理
Treatment
15N 积累量 15N accumulation (mg plant-1)
根 Root茎 Stalk叶 Leaf粒 Grain整株 Whole plant
2015登海661
DH661
CK83.0 b157.4 b108.4 a646.4 c995.2 c
S-1/264.5 d131.9 d84.0 cd448.6 d729.0 d
郑单958
ZD958
CK87.0 a187.5 a95.6 b668.8 c1039.0 b
S-1/239.1 f162.5 b71.9 e459.6 d733.1 d
2016登海661
DH661
CK65.8 d146.9 c95.4 b821.9 a1130.0 a
S-1/254.4 e122.9 e85.2 cd782.3 b1047.4 b
郑单958
ZD958
CK70.3 c141.0 c90.0 bc848.4 a1149.8 a
S-1/253.4 e125.6 de80.1 d782.4 b1041.5 b

Table 6

Correlation coefficients between root indexes and other indexes"

根系生物量
Root
biomass
根长密度
Root length density
根系表面积
Root surface area
氮素积累量
N accumulation
叶面积
Leaf area
叶绿素含量
Content of
Chl a+b
光合速率
Pn
花后干物质
Post-silking dry matter
根系生物量
Root biomass
1.00
根长密度
Root length density
0.83**1.00
根系表面积
Root surface area
0.92**0.89**1.00
氮素积累量
N accumulation
0.350.340.361.00
叶面积
Leaf area
0.61*0.400.450.70**1.00
叶绿素含量
Content of Chl a+b
0.76**0.82**0.82**0.310.361.00
光合速率
Pn
0.250.290.290.61*0.58*0.311.00
花后干物质
Post-silking dry matter
0.61*0.360.470.81**0.88**0.370.58*1.00

Table 7

Effect of plant densities on grain yield and yield components of maize"

年份
Year
品种
Variety
种植密度
Plant density
(×104 hm-2)
公顷穗数
Number of harvested ears hm-2
穗粒数
Number of grains per
ear
千粒重
1000-kernel
weight (g)
产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)
生物量
Biomass
(kg hm-2)
收获指数
Harvest index
2015登海661
DH661
6.7565439.4 b563.0 a371.9 b13703.8 c22642.0 b0.61 abc
9.0085927.8 a476.9 cd361.5 c14812.7 a25219.8 a0.59 bc
郑单958
ZD958
6.7563894.4 c539.2 b356.6 c12285.6 d20463.3 d0.60 abc
9.0085447.2 a480.0 cd331.5 d13596.8 c22116.6 bc0.61 ab
2016登海661
DH661
6.7564106.1 c553.7 a379.9 a13483.7 c21544.1 c0.62 ab
9.0085227.8 a473.5 d359.2 c14495.4 ab25267.9 a0.57 c
郑单958
ZD958
6.7562994.4 c533.9 b367.9 b12375.1 d20702.0 d0.60 bc
9.0085413.9 a487.6 c335.9 d13988.8 bc22108.0 bc0.63 a
年份 Year (Y)*NS**NSNSNS
品种 Variety (V)*NS******NS
密度 Density (D)**********NS
年份×品种 Y × VNSNSNS*NSNS
年份×密度 Y × DNSNS**NSNSNS
品种×密度 V × DNS**********
年份×品种×密度Y × V × DNSNSNSNSNSNS
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