江淮下游不同播期对稻-麦周年作物产量、品质及温光资源利用的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.02007

Abstract

Abstract:

Clarifying the characteristics of the annual light-temperature resources distribution and use efficiency for mechanical transplanted rice-winter wheat double cropping system with high yield and high quality is essential for increasing annual yield and climatic resources use efficiency in the lower reaches of Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers valley. Nanjing 9108 (late-ripen medium japonica rice, LRMJ), Lianjing 11 (medium-ripen medium japonica rice, MRMJ) and Ningmai 13 (winter wheat) were used in the annual field experiment with three different rice sowing date (May 22 (R-I), May 29 (R-II) and June 5 (R-III)) treatments and three different wheat sowing date (November 5 (W-I), November 15 (W-II) and November 25 (W-III)) treatments at Xinghua county of Taizhou city in Jiangsu province. The character of yield, quality formation, annual accumulated temperature, and solar radiation resources distribution were investigated. The results showed that, in rice season, the yield, the amount and production efficiency of the light-temperature resources decreased significantly in Nanjing 9108 with sowing date delayed, whereas the yield and the utilization efficiency of light-temperature resources first reached maximum in R-II treatment and then declined, and the amount of light-temperature resource decreased in Lianjing11. In all sowing date treatments, the yield of Nanjing 9108 (LRMJ) was higher than that of Lianjing 11 (MRMJ). In wheat season, with sowing date delayed, the yield, the amount and production efficiency of light-temperature resources of Ningmai 13 decreased to some extent with the delay of sowing dates. From the perspective of annual production, the annual yield of rice-wheat decreased significantly with the delay of rice-wheat sowing date, and was the highest with combination of R-I for Nanjing 9108 and W-I for Ningmai 13 among all the treatments. The highest ratio of rice yield to annual yield was 62.99%, and the lowest was 55.86%. The highest distribution rate of annual accumulated temperature was 68.38% in rice season and 34.14% in wheat season. The average distribution rate of annual radiation was 51.7% in rice season and 48.3% in wheat season. The downward trend was found in production efficiency of annual accumulated temperature and radiation with the delay of sowing date in rice-wheat season, and the later the sowing date, the more significant the reduction. In terms of quality, with sowing date delayed, the milling quality of Nanjing 9108 (LRMJ) became better and the appearance quality became worse, however, the milling quality of Lianjing11 (MRMJ) became worse and the appearance quality became better. In addition, the cooking and eating quality and nutritional quality of the two varieties (except the taste value of Lianjing 11) became worse. Furthermore, wet gluten content and protein content of Ningmai 13 decreased significantly with sowing date delayed. Therefore, it is an effective approach for promoting the sustainable productivity of mechanical transplanted rice-winter wheat double cropping system by optimizing sowing date and selecting rice varieties with suitable growth durations to achieve high production efficiency of light-temperature resources and annual crop yield in the lower reaches of Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers valley.

Key words: the lower reaches of Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers valley, annual cultivation for rice and wheat, sowing date, light-temperature resources, efficiency of allocation and utilization

CHEN Tian-Ye, YUAN Jia-Qi, LIU Yan-Yang, XU Ke, GUO Bao-Wei, DAI Qi-Gen, HUO Zhong-Yang, ZHANG Hong-Cheng, LI Guo-Hui, WEI Hai-Yan. Effects of different sowing dates on crop yield, quality, and annual light-temperature resources utilization for rice-wheat double cropping system in the lower reaches of the Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers valley[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(10): 1566-1578.

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品种 Cultivar	播期 Sowing date	拔节期 Jointing stage (month/day)	抽穗期 Heading stage (month/day)	成熟期 Maturity stage (month/day)	总天数 Total days (d)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	R-I	7/25	8/24	10/27	158
	R-II	7/29	8/27	10/30	154
	R-III	8/2	8/31	11/3	151
连粳11 Lianjing 11	R-I	7/21	8/22	10/22	153
	R-II	7/25	8/25	10/24	148
	R-III	7/28	8/28	10/27	144

播期 Sowing date	出苗期 Seeding stage (month/day)	拔节期 Jointing stage (month/day)	抽穗期 Heading stage (month/day)	开花期 Flowering stage (month/day)	成熟期 Maturity stage (month/day)	总天数 Total days (d)
W-I	11/12	3/24	4/5	4/18	6/2	209
W-II	11/23	3/27	4/8	4/19	6/3	200
W-III	12/7	4/1	4/11	4/21	6/5	192

水稻品种 Rice cultivar	水稻播期 Rice Sowing date	小麦播期Wheat seeding date	水稻季Rice season			小麦季Wheat season			周年Annual
水稻品种 Rice cultivar	水稻播期 Rice Sowing date	小麦播期Wheat seeding date	产量 Average yield (t hm^-2)	日产量 Grain yield per day (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	占周年产量比 Proportion of annual total yield (%)	平均产量 Average yield (t hm^-2)	日产量 Grain yield per day (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	占周年产量比 Proportion of annual total yield (%)	周年产量 Annual yield (t hm^-2)	日产量 Grain yield per day (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	两季产量比 Rice/ wheat
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	R-I	W-I	11.32 a	71.65 a	58.11	8.16 a	39.04 a	41.89	19.48 a	53.96 a	1.39
		W-II			59.30	7.77 b	38.85 a	40.70	19.09 b	54.23 a	1.46
		W-III			—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	R-II	W-I	11.01 b	71.49 a	57.43	8.16 a	39.04 a	42.57	19.17 a	53.70 a	1.35
		W-II			58.63	7.77 b	38.85 a	41.37	18.78 b	53.97 a	1.42
		W-III			62.99	6.47 c	33.87 b	37.01	17.48 c	51.56 b	1.70
	R-III	W-I	10.39 c	68.81 b	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
		W-II			57.21	7.77 b	38.85 a	42.79	18.16 b	52.64 a	1.34
		W-III			61.63	6.47 c	33.87 b	38.37	16.86 c	50.18 b	1.61
连粳11 Lianjing 11	R-I	W-I	10.74 ab	70.21 b	56.83	8.16 a	39.42 a	43.17	18.90 a	52.22 b	1.32
		W-II			58.03	7.77 b	39.24 a	41.97	18.51 b	53.20 a	1.38
		W-III			—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	R-II	W-I	10.93 a	73.85 a	57.18	8.16 a	39.42 a	42.82	19.09 a	52.64 b	1.34
		W-II			58.37	7.77 b	39.24 a	41.63	18.70 b	53.63 a	1.41
		W-III			62.74	6.47 c	34.23 b	37.26	17.40 c	51.83 c	1.69
	R-III	W-I	10.33 b	71.74 b	55.86	8.16 a	39.42 a	44.14	18.49 a	51.07 b	1.27
		W-II			57.06	7.77 b	39.24 a	42.94	18.10 b	52.00 a	1.33
		W-III			61.48	6.47 c	34.23 b	38.52	16.80 c	50.14 c	1.60

水稻品种 Rice cultivar	水稻播期 Rice sowing date	小麦播期 Wheat sowing date	水稻季Rice season		小麦季Wheat season		周年Annual
水稻品种 Rice cultivar	水稻播期 Rice sowing date	小麦播期 Wheat sowing date	有效积温 Accumulated temperature (℃ d)	分配率 Distribution date (%)	有效积温 Accumulated temperature (℃ d)	分配率 Distribution date (%)	周年有效积温 Annual accumulated temperature (℃ d) degree-days (℃·d)	两季比 Wheat season/rice season
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	R-I	W-I	3945.9 a		1969.8 a	34.14	5656.7 a	0.50
		W-II		68.38	1886.0 b	32.68	5549.1 b	0.48
		W-III			—	—	—	—
	R-II	W-I	3827.6 b		1969.8 a	34.14	5678.1 a	0.51
		W-II		66.33	1886.0 b	32.68	5570.5 b	0.49
		W-III			1824.0 c	31.61	5459.8 c	0.48
	R-III	W-I	3737.8 c		—	—	—	—
		W-II		64.77	1886.0 a	32.68	5598.7 a	0.50
		W-III			1824.0 b	31.61	5536.7 b	0.49
连粳11 Lianjing 11	R-I	W-I	3851.9 a		1969.8 a	34.14	5562.7 a	0.51
		W-II		66.75	1886.0 b	32.68	5455.1 b	0.49
		W-III			—	—	—	—
	R-II	W-I	3756.4 b		1969.8 a	34.14	5606.9 a	0.52
		W-II		65.10	1886.0 b	32.68	5499.3 b	0.50
		W-III			1824.0 c	31.61	5388.6 c	0.49
	R-III	W-I	3531.7 c		1969.8 a	34.14	5476.4 a	0.56
		W-II		61.20	1886.0 b	32.68	5392.6 b	0.53
		W-III			1824.0 c	31.61	5330.6 c	0.52

水稻品种 Rice cultivar	水稻播期 Rice sowing date	小麦播期 Wheat sowing date	水稻季Rice season		小麦季Wheat season		周年Annual
水稻品种 Rice cultivar	水稻播期 Rice sowing date	小麦播期 Wheat sowing date	辐射量 Radiation (MJ m^-2)	辐射分配率 Radiation distribution date (%)	辐射量 Radiation (MJ m^-2)	辐射分配率 Radiation distribution date (%)	辐射量 Radiation (MJ m^-2)	两季比 Wheat season/rice season
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	R-I	W-I	3043.5 a		2773.7 a	47.98	5641.2 a	0.91
		W-II		52.64	2706.8 b	46.82	5561.4 b	0.89
		W-III			—	—	—	—
	R-II	W-I	3009.9 b		2773.7 a	47.98	5692.7 a	0.92
		W-II		52.06	2706.8 b	46.82	5613.0 b	0.90
		W-III			2659.0 c	45.99	5516.6 c	0.88
	R-III	W-I	2929.8 c		—	—	—	—
		W-II		50.68	2706.8 a	46.82	5636.6 a	0.92
		W-III			2659.0 b	45.99	5569.7 b	0.91
连粳11 Lianjing 11	R-I	W-I	2979.2 a		2773.7 a	47.98	5576.9 a	0.93
		W-II		51.53	2706.8 b	46.82	5497.1 b	0.91
		W-III			—	—	—	—
	R-II	W-I	2914.9 b		2773.7 a	47.98	5597.7 a	0.95
		W-II		50.42	2706.8 b	46.82	5518.0 b	0.93
		W-III			2659.0 c	45.99	5421.6 c	0.91
	R-III	W-I	2814.8 c		2773.7 a	47.98	5588.5 a	0.99
		W-II		48.69	2706.8 b	46.82	5521.6 b	0.96
		W-III			2659.0 c	45.99	5454.7 c	0.94

Effects of different sowing dates on crop yield, quality, and annual light-temperature resources utilization for rice-wheat double cropping system in the lower reaches of the Yangtze-Huaihe Rivers valley

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品种 Cultivar	播期 Sowing date	糙米率 BRR (%)	精米率 MRR (%)	整精米率 HMR (%)	垩白度 ChD	垩白粒率 ChR (%)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	R-I	84.11 a	71.05 a	67.77 a	6.54 a	20.64 a
	R-II	83.95 ab	69.30 b	64.14 b	4.93 b	19.91 b
	R-III	83.50 b	68.88 b	64.01 b	4.34 c	17.67 c
	CV (%)	0.31	1.35	2.67	17.64	6.51
连粳11 Lianjing 11	R-I	83.80 b	63.91 b	58.06 b	4.21 b	13.36 c
	R-II	84.28 ab	65.69 ab	59.43 ab	4.35 b	14.27 b
	R-III	84.67 a	66.06 a	60.60 a	4.73 a	14.76 a
	CV (%)	0.42	1.44	1.75	4.96	4.11

品种 Cultivar	播期 Sowing date	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	胶稠度 Gel consistency (mm)	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	食味值 Taste value
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	R-I	10.67 a	103.50 a	8.25 a	74.00 a
	R-II	10.22 a	98.00 b	8.28 a	71.00 b
	R-III	10.60 a	94.00 c	8.38 a	69.50 b
	CV (%)	1.88	3.95	0.67	2.62
连粳11 Lianjing 11	R-I	20.61 c	86.75 a	8.52 a	62.25 c
	R-II	22.08 b	84.25 b	8.55 a	70.75 a
	R-III	23.46 a	83.50 b	8.72 a	65.50 b
	CV (%)	5.28	1.64	1.02	5.29

播期 Sowing date	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content (%)	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)
W-I	27.09 c	10.42 c
W-II	28.11 b	11.12 b
W-III	29.34 a	11.56 a
CV (%)	6.2	5.0

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水稻品种 Rice cultivar	水稻播期 Rice sowing date	小麦播期 Wheat sowing date	积温生产效率 Temperature production efficiency (kg hm^-2 ℃^-1)			光能生产效率 Radiation production efficiency (g MJ^-1)
水稻品种 Rice cultivar	水稻播期 Rice sowing date	小麦播期 Wheat sowing date	水稻季 Rice season	小麦季 Wheat season	周年 Annual	水稻季 Rice season	小麦季 Wheat season	周年 Annual
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	R-I	W-I		4.143 a	3.444 a		0.294 a	0.345 a
		W-II	2.869 a	4.120 a	3.440 a	0.372 a	0.287 b	0.343 a
		W-III		—	—		—	—
	R-II	W-I		4.143 a	3.376 a		0.294 a	0.337 a
		W-II	2.876 a	4.120 a	3.371 a	0.366 a	0.287 a	0.335 a
		W-III		3.547 b	3.202 b		0.243 b	0.317 b
	R-III	W-I		—	—		—	—
		W-II	2.780 b	4.120 a	3.244 a	0.355 b	0.287 a	0.322 a
		W-III		3.547 b	3.045 b		0.243 b	0.303 b
连粳11 Lianjing 11	R-I	W-I		4.143 a	3.398 a		0.294 a	0.339 a
		W-II	2.788 b	4.120 a	3.393 a	0.360 b	0.287 a	0.337 a
		W-III		—	—		—	—
	R-II	W-I		4.143 a	3.404 a		0.294 a	0.341 a
		W-II	2.910 a	4.120 a	3.400 a	0.375 a	0.287 a	0.339 a
		W-III		3.547 b	3.229 b		0.243 b	0.321 b
	R-III	W-I		4.143 a	3.376 a		0.294 a	0.331 a
		W-II	2.925 a	4.120 a	3.356 a	0.367 b	0.287 a	0.328 a
		W-III		3.547 b	3.152 b		0.243 b	0.308 b