不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻日产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.02010

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of sowing date on daily yield of mechanical indica hybrid rice under different ecological conditions and put forward the corresponding countermeasures, for high yield, a two-factor split plot design, with three indica hybrid rice (Yixiangyou 2115, F you 498, and Chuanyou 6203) and four sowing dates, was conducted to study the effects of different sowing date and ecological conditions on the whole growth period, grain yield and daily yield of machine-transplanted rice in Nanbu, Shehong, Anzhou, and Dayi of Sichuan province. The results showed that there were differences in the whole growth period, yield and daily yield of rice under different ecological conditions. As the sowing date was postponed from late March to early May, the days from sowing to jointing were shortened and the days from heading to maturity were increased, the average whole growth period was shortened from 159.5 days to 150.7 days, the average yield was decreased from 10,260.45 kg hm ^-2 to 7795.83 kg hm^-2, and the average daily yield was decreased from 64.58 kg hm^-2 d^-1 to 51.95 kg hm^-2 d^-1. The effects of meteorological factors on grain yield and daily yield of machine-transplanted indica hybrid rice were different under different ecological conditions. The yield was significantly positively correlated with the average daily temperature range and sunshine hours of the whole growth period, while yield was significantly negatively correlated with the average daily temperature, average daily minimum temperature, average daily relative humidity and rainfall of the whole growth period of rice. The daily yield was significantly positively correlated with the average daily temperature range and sunshine hours of the whole growth period, while significantly negatively correlated with the average daily minimum temperature and the average daily relative humidity of the whole growth period. For different experimental region, the daily yield was significantly negatively correlated with the average daily temperature in Nanbu, Shehong, and Dayi. In the west plain area and the middle and northeast hilly areas of Sichuan Basin, the preferred varieties should be F you 498, winter idle field or vegetable stubble rice should be sown in late march, while wheat (rapeseed) stubble rice should be sown as early as possible after the previous harvest, and generally sown in late April for higher yield and daily yield.

Key words: rice, sowing date, mechanical transplanting, daily yield, ecological conditions

ZHANG Chi, HE Lian-Hua, LIAO Shuang, GAO Yun-Tian, ZHU Shi-Lin, LI Bo, ZHOU Wei, CHEN Yong, HU Jian-Feng, XIANG Zu-Fen, REN Wan-Jun. Effect of sowing date on daily yield of mechanical indica hybrid rice under different ecological conditions[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(10): 1579-1590.

Figures/Tables 9

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试点Location	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔Altitude (m)	年份 Year	水稻生长季Rice growing season			地理分区 Geographical regions
试点Location	经度 Longitude (E)	纬度 Latitude (N)	海拔Altitude (m)	年份 Year	有效积温 Effective accumulated temperature (℃)	降雨量Rainfall (mm)	日照时数Sunshine hours (h)	地理分区 Geographical regions
南部 Nanbu	105°98′	31°26′	362	2018 2019	1708.2 1545.1	1129.6 1155.5	1071.0 801.3	四川盆地东北丘陵区 Hilly area of northeast Sichuan basin
射洪 Shehong	105°44′	30°83′	336	2018 2019	1685.1 1533.2	758.0 963.6	734.2 693.2	四川盆地中部丘陵区 Hilly area of mid Sichuan basin
安州 Anzhou	104°49′	31°58′	539	2018 2019	1563.7 1491.3	1364.5 857.3	801.4 608.6	四川盆地西北平原区 Plain of northwestern Sichuan basin
大邑 Dayi	103°57′	30°49′	504	2018 2019	1453.5 1375.5	1605.4 914.9	812.5 546.0	四川盆地西平原区 Plain of western Sichuan basin

试点 Location	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮 Total N content (g kg^-1)	全磷 Total P content (g kg^-1)	全钾 Total K content (g kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available N (mg kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)
南部Nanbu	7.39	31.95	1.28	0.36	10.62	55.97	50.88	96.32
射洪Shehong	7.52	26.69	1.40	0.60	12.20	62.04	85.83	128.52
安州Anzhou	6.80	25.43	1.69	0.76	14.97	74.20	97.10	134.85
大邑Dayi	6.04	32.97	2.94	0.77	13.81	97.74	32.11	112.67

试点 Location	播种期 Date of sowing (month/day)
试点 Location	I	II	III	IV
南部Nanbu	3/20	3/30	4/19	4/29
射洪Shehong	3/22	4/1	4/21	5/1
安州Anzhou	3/23	4/2	4/22	5/2
大邑Dayi	3/25	4/4	4/24	5/4

变异来源 Variation source	产量Yield		日产量Daily yield
变异来源 Variation source	2018	2019	2018	2019
生态点Location	109.667^**	82.400^**	100.770^**	149.678^**
播期Sowing date	151.611^**	254.893^**	81.802^**	148.971^**
品种Variety	21.186^**	35.901^**	40.202^**	64.498^**
生态点×播期Location × sowing date	31.548^**	2.943^**	29.494^**	1.959
品种×播期Variety × sowing date	0.242	0.227	0.153	0.389
生态点×品种Location × variety	2.983^*	0.784	2.407^*	1.069
生态点×品种×播期Location × variety × sowing date	0.618	0.871	0.705	0.869

生态点 Location	全生育期WGP (d)		产量Yield (kg hm^-2)		日产量Daily yield (kg hm^-2 d^-1)
生态点 Location	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019
南部Nanbu	152	157	8930.69±270.91 b	9283.25±217.75 b	58.90±1.60 b	59.16±1.23 b
射洪Shehong	152	155	9743.34±153.66 a	9635.57±196.22 a	64.49±0.83 a	62.25±1.11 a
安州Anzhou	153	164	9766.41±149.29 a	8066.23±246.88 c	63.91±0.83 a	48.95±1.30 c
大邑Dayi	153	153	8131.26±134.24 c	9448.57±162.34 ab	53.73±0.96 c	61.71±0.95 a

Effect of sowing date on daily yield of mechanical indica hybrid rice under different ecological conditions

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