新疆冬小麦品种农艺及产量性状遗传多样性分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.01034

Abstract

Abstract:

Grain yield is one of the most important goals in wheat breeding, and agronomic or yield-related traits can directly reflect the characteristics of varieties. In order to determine the evolution of genetic diversity in agronomic traits of Xinjiang winter wheat varieties and their adaptabilities to different ecological environments, 134 winter wheat landraces and 54 moderns bred varieties from Xinjiang were selected for agronomic trait investigation. They were planted in three different ecological environments (Urumqi and Yining in Xinjiang province, and Tai’an in Shandong province) for two consecutive growth seasons, and nine agronomic and yield-related traits were surveyed and analyzed. The estimated broad sense heritability of nine agronomic and yield traits was in descending order: plant height > grain width > grain length/width ratio > spike length > spikelet number > thousand- kernel weight > grain number per spike > grain length > fertile spikelet number. Correlation analyses of nine agronomic and yield traits showed that these traits were correlated with each other. It was found that the plant height, spike length and grain length/width ratio of landraces were higher than that in modern bred varieties, but the grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight, grain length and grain width in landraces were less than that in modern bred varieties. However, the correlation coefficient of these nine traits was higher in modern bred varieties than that in landraces. These variations reflected the evolution of Xinjiang winter wheat varieties in agronomic traits in recent years. This study may provide important information for breeders to select the breeding parents in different winter wheat regions.

Key words: Xinjiang, winter wheat, landrace, modern bred varieties, agronomic and yield-related traits, genetic diversity

MA Yan-Ming, FENG Zhi-Yu, WANG Wei, ZHANG Sheng-Jun, GUO Ying, NI Zhong-Fu, LIU Jie. Genetic diversity analysis of winter wheat landraces and modern bred varieties in Xinjiang based on agronomic traits[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(12): 1997-2007.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Analysis of agronomic and yield-related traits of 188 wheat accessions"

性状 Trait	环境 Environment	最小值 Min.	最大值 Max.	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	广义遗传力 H² (%)
株高	E1	47.97	142.40	114.25	22.31	19.53	92.58
PH (cm)	E2	48.48	146.34	116.56	20.12	17.26
	E3	47.34	147.82	114.24	18.56	16.25
	E4	53.00	148.20	112.94	19.10	16.91
	E5	59.68	144.40	117.14	15.54	13.27
	E6	55.02	136.48	112.97	14.50	12.83
穗长	E1	7.40	15.28	11.07	1.31	11.81	79.61
SL (cm)	E2	7.62	15.61	11.41	1.42	12.41
	E3	7.60	15.36	11.25	1.58	14.01
	E4	8.22	16.50	11.95	1.56	13.05
	E5	8.60	17.47	11.93	1.45	12.12
	E6	8.18	17.54	11.43	1.46	13.16
小穗数	E1	16.40	26.00	19.91	1.41	7.10	75.26
SN (个)	E2	15.27	25.41	20.45	1.70	8.15
	E3	15.25	25.00	20.58	1.68	8.17
	E4	15.00	26.20	20.47	2.05	10.01
	E5	16.80	28.00	20.13	1.51	7.50
	E6	16.20	25.40	20.51	1.58	7.72
结实小穗数	E1	16.00	26.00	19.10	1.36	7.10	60.44
FSN (个)	E2	15.18	24.16	19.34	1.51	7.61
	E3	15.25	24.00	19.71	1.59	8.22
	E4	15.00	25.20	19.46	1.90	9.30
	E5	15.20	27.20	19.89	1.57	7.95
	E6	14.80	29.00	19.67	1.76	9.45
穗粒数	E1	26.43	82.00	46.82	7.02	14.98	68.21
GNPS (个)	E2	28.56	83.80	49.60	6.59	13.29
	E3	24.40	83.60	52.23	8.54	16.35
	E4	27.80	80.00	51.95	9.95	19.15
	E5	25.60	75.00	47.98	7.85	16.36
	E6	21.90	73.50	42.21	8.29	19.64
性状 Trait	环境 Environment	最小值 Min.	最大值 Max.	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	广义遗传力 H² (%)
千粒重	E1	17.97	48.72	24.29	5.16	21.24	71.56
TKW (g)	E2	13.90	49.89	25.63	4.96	19.35
	E3	12.30	43.90	24.57	4.23	29.43
	E4	13.49	43.78	23.76	4.07	17.13
	E5	12.12	48.91	25.49	6.97	27.34
	E6	19.78	52.51	29.70	6.98	23.50
粒长	E1	5.92	8.85	7.38	0.46	6.23	64.25
GL (mm)	E2	5.92	8.18	6.94	0.49	7.06
	E3	5.76	7.90	6.46	0.34	5.26
	E4	5.73	8.10	6.48	0.41	6.33
	E5	5.70	7.61	6.43	0.35	5.44
	E6	5.71	7.63	6.48	0.35	5.40
粒宽	E1	2.29	3.63	3.23	0.36	11.11	83.90
GW (mm)	E2	2.14	3.68	3.17	0.26	8.12
	E3	2.24	3.65	2.72	0.33	12.33
	E4	2.18	3.58	2.63	0.26	9.68
	E5	2.26	3.54	2.67	0.27	10.06
	E6	2.35	3.52	2.78	0.26	9.32
粒长/粒宽	E1	1.85	2.88	2.33	0.23	10.01	80.02
GL/GW	E2	1.88	2.68	2.24	0.18	8.13
	E3	1.88	3.00	2.45	0.26	10.61
	E4	1.99	3.00	2.51	0.19	7.37
	E5	1.79	2.95	2.38	0.23	9.85
	E6	1.85	2.88	2.33	0.23	10.01

Table 2

Table 3

Correlation coefficients among nine phenotypic traits under six different environments"

性状 Trait	株高 PH	穗长 SL	结实小穗数 FSN	小穗数 SN	穗粒数 GNPS	千粒重 TKW	粒长 GL	粒宽 GW	籽粒长宽比 GL/GW
PH	E1	0.486^**	0.258^**	0.319^**	-0.496^**	-0.612^**	0.458^**	-0.099	-0.451^**
SL	0.597^**		0.668^**	0.615^**	0.106	-0.299^**	0.385^**	0.090	-0.285^**
FSN	0.527^**	0.710^**		0.881^**	0.346^**	-0.119	0.205^**	0.098	-0.134
SN	0.575^**	0.638^**	0.934^**		0.248^**	-0.100	0.088	0.099	-0.027
GNPS	-0.247^**	0.296^**	0.378^**	0.234^**		0.237^**	-0.147	0.038	0.174^*
TKW	-0.368^**	-0.129	-0.200^**	-0.273^**	-0.009		-0.614^**	0.186^*	0.661^**
GL	0.376^**	0.433^**	0.111	0.061	0.010	-0.345^**		0.081	-0.782^**
GW	0.003	0.160^*	-0.044	-0.134	-0.013	0.355^**	0.284^**		0.482^**
GL/GW	-0.364^**	-0.242^**	-0.180^*	-0.215^**	-0.010	0.629^**	-0.562^**	0.620^**	E2
PH	E3	0.530^**	0.461^**	0.531^**	-0.238^**	-0.305^**	0.355^**	-0.188^*	-0.421^**
SL	0.430^**		0.585^**	0.498^**	0.046	-0.187^*	0.272^**	0.135	-0.194^*
FSN	0.200^**	0.332^**		0.862^**	0.329^**	-0.086	0.096	0.032	-0.072
SN	0.332^**	0.394^**	0.929^**		0.179^*	-0.116	0.041	-0.134	-0.110
GNPS	-0.189^*	-0.035	0.617^**	0.448^**		0.240^**	-0.343^**	-0.109	0.274^**
TKW	-0.015	-0.043	0.122	0.020	0.183^*		-0.680^**	0.248^**	0.756^**
GL	0.085	0.193^*	-0.253^**	-0.173^*	-0.375^**	-0.474^**		0.052	-0.883^**
GW	-0.358^**	-0.145	-0.128	-0.197^*	0.110	0.435^**	0.048		0.395^**
GL/GW	-0.341^**	-0.255	0.131	0.024	0.371^**	0.639^**	-0.775^**	0.562^**	E4
PH	E5	0.427^**	0.312^**	0.234^**	-0.281^**	-0.266^**	0.237^**	-0.145	-0.336^**
SL	0.376^**		0.483^**	0.503^**	0.153^*	-0.121	0.174^*	0.096	-0.125
FSN	0.179^*	0.184^*		0.932^**	0.433^**	0.157^*	-0.269^**	-0.036	0.245^**
SN	0.192^**	0.167^*	0.908^**		0.319^**	0.077	-0.219^**	-0.087	0.166^*
GNPS	-0.367^**	-0.001	0.344^**	0.207^**		0.271^**	-0.313^**	0.068	0.330^**
TKW	-0.439^**	-0.150^*	0.150^*	0.053	0.420^**		-0.666^**	0.537^**	0.954^**
GL	0.419^**	0.117	-0.229^**	-0.137	-0.355^**	-0.695^**		0.217^**	-0.808^**
GW	0.079	-0.004	-0.110	-0.097	0.061	0.167^*	0.456^**		0.374
GL/GW	-0.416^**	-0.134	0.196^**	0.096	0.439^**	0.889^**	-0.834^**	0.098	E6

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Comparison of the agronomic and yield-related traits between wheat landraces and modern bred varieties"

性状 Trait	环境 Environment	地方品种Landraces				现代育成品种Modern bred varieties				各性状均值差(L-C) MD
性状 Trait	环境 Environment	变幅 Range	平均值 Average	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	变幅 Range	平均值 Average	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	各性状均值差(L-C) MD
株高	E1	103.61-142.40	117.30	8.24	6.57	47.97-128.99	86.82	22.07	25.42	30.48
PH (cm)	E2	101.64-146.34	119.13	7.67	6.13	48.48-126.19	90.67	23.74	26.18	28.46
	E3	101.57-147.82	121.56	8.13	6.69	47.34-132.20	93.53	23.63	25.27	28.03
	E4	103.30-148.20	119.74	11.78	9.84	53.00-137.20	93.68	22.55	24.07	26.06
	E5	97.84-144.40	121.76	9.30	7.64	59.68-139.42	105.55	21.18	20.07	16.21
	E6	99.20-136.48	118.54	6.51	5.49	55.02-132.26	98.03	18.90	19.28	20.52
穗长	E1	8.61-14.48	11.36	1.05	9.20	7.40-15.28	10.35	1.60	15.42	1.01
SL (cm)	E2	9.32-15.10	11.30	1.09	9.24	7.62-15.61	10.27	1.67	16.25	1.03
	E3	7.60-15.36	11.54	1.40	12.14	7.72-14.80	10.43	1.76	16.90	1.11
	E4	8.30-16.50	11.79	1.25	10.15	8.22-15.06	10.69	1.91	17.43	1.10
	E5	8.60-16.98	12.06	1.36	11.28	9.30-17.47	11.15	1.61	13.85	0.91
性状 Trait	环境 Environment	地方品种Landraces				现代育成品种Modern bred varieties				各性状均值差(L-C) MD
性状 Trait	环境 Environment	变幅 Range	平均值 Average	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	变幅 Range	平均值 Average	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	各性状均值差(L-C) MD
	E6	8.18-17.05	11.90	1.39	12.31	9.26-17.54	10.96	1.58	14.75	0.94
小穗数(个) SN	E1	17.00-22.62	20.01	1.04	5.20	16.40-26.00	19.69	2.06	10.46	0.31
	E2	16.43-25.41	21.24	1.23	5.79	15.27-24.28	19.79	2.35	11.87	0.43
	E3	16.00-25.50	20.78	1.46	7.03	15.25-24.50	20.04	2.12	10.58	0.67
	E4	15.00-26.20	20.55	1.67	7.75	16.00-26.20	20.24	2.72	13.44	0.31
	E5	16.80-24.50	20.85	1.32	6.33	18.00-28.00	21.81	1.90	8.71	-0.96
	E6	16.20-24.40	20.36	1.47	7.22	17.60-25.40	21.67	1.74	8.03	-1.31
结实小穗数(个) FSN	E1	16.22-22.04	19.18	1.13	5.89	16.00-26.00	18.91	1.80	8.88	0.27
	E2	16.43-22.30	19.22	1.23	6.40	15.18-24.16	18.90	1.85	9.18	0.32
	E3	15.60-23.00	19.44	1.52	7.82	15.25-24.00	19.10	1.69	8.40	0.34
	E4	15.00-24.00	20.46	1.72	8.41	15.20-25.20	19.48	2.07	10.11	0.98
	E5	15.20-23.30	19.37	1.33	6.87	16.80-27.20	20.58	1.78	8.65	-1.21
	E6	14.80-25.00	19.21	1.44	7.50	16.20-29.00	20.34	1.67	8.21	-1.13
穗粒数(个) GNPS	E1	26.43-56.47	44.85	4.38	9.77	32.61-82.00	51.71	9.55	18.47	-6.86
	E2	28.56-62.00	49.06	4.65	9.48	33.24-83.80	51.22	10.38	20.27	-2.16
	E3	24.40-70.20	50.08	6.37	12.71	31.33-83.60	58.33	8.74	14.99	-8.26
	E4	27.80-77.80	50.25	6.23	12.40	34.00-80.00	56.77	10.41	18.33	-6.52
	E5	25.60-62.50	46.10	6.07	13.17	29.00-75.00	52.71	9.69	18.39	-6.61
	E6	21.90-55.00	39.24	6.44	16.41	36.60-73.50	50.15	7.46	14.88	-10.91
千粒重	E1	17.97-31.53	23.13	3.95	13.95	25.90-48.72	33.44	5.62	16.81	-10.31
TKW (g)	E2	13.90-32.72	24.09	4.07	16.89	26.41-49.89	35.56	6.23	17.51	-11.47
	E3	12.30-30.90	21.68	4.15	14.47	23.40-42.60	32.02	6.05	18.89	-10.34
	E4	23.49-31.78	22.16	4.27	14.16	24.87-43.78	34.30	5.99	17.46	-12.14
	E5	20.12-33.26	22.81	4.39	19.25	24.29-48.91	32.39	5.67	17.51	-10.01
	E6	19.78-34.71	22.38	4.43	19.79	23.30-52.51	35.91	5.93	17.48	-11.10
粒长	E1	5.92-8.18	7.32	0.47	6.47	6.73-8.85	7.55	0.39	5.11	-0.24
GL (mm)	E2	5.92-8.18	6.89	0.51	7.36	6.21-7.89	7.06	0.40	5.69	-0.16
	E3	5.76-7.20	6.37	0.29	4.63	6.02-7.90	6.67	0.35	5.22	-0.29
	E4	5.73-8.10	6.41	0.39	6.01	6.15-7.69	6.74	0.37	5.55	-0.33
	E5	5.70-7.27	6.40	0.35	5.43	5.83-7.61	6.50	0.34	5.16	-0.10
	E6	5.71-7.63	6.45	0.36	5.57	5.80-7.57	6.50	0.33	5.05	-0.05
粒宽	E1	2.29-3.31	2.48	0.17	6.85	2.69-3.63	3.01	0.25	8.04	-0.63
GW (mm)	E2	2.14-3.27	2.37	0.18	7.60	2.78-3.68	2.96	0.23	7.77	-0.59
	E3	2.24-3.41	2.55	0.19	7.49	2.66-3.65	3.14	0.24	7.53	-0.59
	E4	2.18-3.24	2.55	0.19	7.45	2.56-3.58	2.93	0.24	8.14	-0.38
	E5	2.26-3.14	2.56	0.15	5.94	2.52-3.54	2.97	0.25	8.42	-0.41
	E6	2.35-3.25	2.57	0.18	6.67	2.52-3.52	3.01	0.23	7.64	-0.44
粒长/粒宽	E1	1.98-2.88	2.41	0.15	6.22	1.85-2.46	2.11	0.14	6.65	0.30
GL/GW	E2	1.91-2.68	2.28	0.13	5.56	1.88-2.62	2.14	0.14	6.72	0.14
	E3	2.00-3.00	2.56	0.20	7.69	1.88-2.55	2.17	0.17	8.03	0.39
	E4	2.05-3.00	2.56	0.17	6.59	1.99-2.70	2.37	0.17	7.15	0.19
	E5	1.79-2.94	2.54	0.16	6.39	1.94-2.62	2.23	0.19	8.70	0.31
	E6	1.87-2.88	2.45	0.20	8.21	1.79-2.67	2.18	0.20	9.15	0.27

Table 5

Fig. 1

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序号 No.	编号 Code	年份 Year	地点 Location	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude
E1	UR2017	2017	新疆乌鲁木齐Urumqi, Xinjiang	86.22°E	44.31°N
E2	UR2018	2018	新疆乌鲁木齐Urumqi, Xinjiang	86.22°E	44.31°N
E3	YN2017	2017	新疆伊宁Yining, Xinjiang	81.32°E	43.92°N
E4	YN2018	2018	新疆伊宁Yining, Xinjiang	81.32°E	43.92°N
E5	TA2017	2017	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	117.17°E	36.17°N
E6	TA2018	2018	山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong	117.17°E	36.17°N

性状 Trait	项目 Item	平方和 Quadratic sum	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	F	显著性 Significance
株高PH	组间Between groups	145,021.238	1	145,021.238	743.749	0.000
	组内Within group	210,975.788	1082	194.987
	总计Total	355,997.027	1083
穗长SL	组间Between groups	238.782	1	238.782	115.540	0.000
	组内Within group	2,236.119	1082	2.067
	总计Total	2,474.900	1083
小穗数SN	组间Between groups	33.791	1	33.791	11.252	0.001
	组内Within group	3,249.439	1082	3.003
	总计Total	3,283.229	1083
结实小穗数FSN	组间Between groups	2.206	1	2.206	0.735	0.392
	组内Within group	3,248.686	1082	3.002
	总计Total	3,250.893	1083
穗粒数GNPS	组间Between groups	7,840.371	1	7840.371	113.963	0.000
	组内Within group	74,438.959	1082	68.798
	总计Total	82,279.330	1083
千粒重TKW	组间Between groups	11,482.793	1	11,482.793	200.318	0.000
	组内Within group	62,023.167	1082	57.323
	总计Total	73,505.960	1083
粒长GL	组间Between groups	5.075	1	5.075	24.223	0.000
	组内Within group	226.885	1083	0.209
	总计Total	231.960	1084
粒宽GW	组间Between groups	30.871	1	30.871	321.933	0.000
	组内Within group	103.851	1083	0.096
	总计Total	134.722	1084
粒长/粒宽GL/GW	组间Between groups	12.673	1	12.673	311.085	0.000
	组内Within group	44.120	1083	0.041
	总计Total	56.793	1084

Genetic diversity analysis of winter wheat landraces and modern bred varieties in Xinjiang based on agronomic traits

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