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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 56-71.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.51065

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Breeding strategy for synergistic improvement of yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance in Shumai 753 using the wheat landrace Xiaoganmai

Ma Ting-Ting1,2**(), Guo Xiao-Jiang1,2**(), Li Hao1, Deng Mei1, Pu Zhi-En3, Li Wei3, Zhang Ya-Zhou1, Wang Feng-Tao4, Cui Feng-Juan5, Wei Yu-Ming1,2, Wang Ji-Rui1,2, Jiang Yun-Feng1,2,*(), Chen Guo-Yue1,2,*()   

  1. 1Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    2State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    3College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    4Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
    5Tongliao Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Tongliao 028015, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2025-06-30 Accepted:2025-09-10 Online:2026-01-12 Published:2025-09-24
  • Contact: *E-mail: jiangyunfeng@sicau.edu.cn; E-mail: gychen@sicau.edu.cn
  • About author:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD1201200);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272059);Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC1212);Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC1341);Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC0328)

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Abstract:

The Sichuan wheat region is the most important early-maturing winter wheat production area in Southwest China, where increasing the number of effective spikes per unit area (i.e., spike capacity or effective tillers per plant) is key to further enhancing yield potential. The wheat landrace ‘Xiaoganmai’ from Dangyang, Hubei, exhibits stable resistance to stripe rust and pre-harvest sprouting, along with desirable agronomic traits such as multiple effective tillers and fertile spikelets, making it a promising genetic resource for wheat improvement and innovation in the Sichuan wheat region. Among yield components, the number of effective spikes per unit area has become the primary limiting factor for the breeding line ‘Shumai 753’. To optimize the yield structure of ‘Shumai 753’ by improving spike capacity through enhanced tillering, and to simultaneously improve yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance by pyramiding genes for stripe rust and pre-harvest sprouting resistance, this study used progenies of ‘Xiaoganmai’—characterized by prolific tillering, strong resistance to pre-harvest sprouting, and adult-plant resistance to stripe rust—as donors, and ‘Shumai 753’—which harbors all-stage stripe rust resistance genes and exhibits favorable agronomic traits—as the recipient. Through hybridization, backcrossing, continuous multi-generational selfing, and a "segmented" target-trait selection strategy, 178 stable advanced-generation lines from the Shumai 753 × Xiaoganmai cross were developed. Phenotypic evaluations showed significant improvements in effective tiller number, grains per spike, and spikelets per spike in the derived lines compared to ‘Shumai 753’. All advanced lines exhibited more effective tillers than the recipient parent, with only four lines showing fewer spikelets, and the average grain number per spike exceeded 70. Correlation and path analysis of yield-related traits revealed that effective tiller number had a direct and highly significant positive effect on yield, indicating that using ‘Xiaoganmai’ to improve spike capacity is an effective strategy for enhancing the yield potential of ‘Shumai 753’. By integrating phenotypic and genotypic data, two breakthrough lines with yield potential exceeding 8250 kg hm-2 were identified. Additionally, genotyping for resistance loci revealed one line carrying Yr18+Yr24/26+Yr15, conferring broad-spectrum stripe rust resistance, and nine lines harboring TaMyb10 alleles associated with strong pre-harvest sprouting resistance. These findings demonstrate that utilizing the wheat landrace ‘Xiaoganmai’ in a segmented target-trait selection strategy provides a practical and effective approach for reconstructing the yield architecture of ‘Shumai 753’ and achieving synergistic improvements in yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance in the Sichuan wheat region.

Key words: wheat landrace, stripe rust, preharvest sprouting, yield-related traits, Xiaoganmai, molecular detection

Fig. 1

Construction of the breeding application population derived from Shumai 753 × Xiaoganmai"

Table S1

Phenotypic evaluation and molecular detection of yield, stripe rust and pre-harvest sprouting resistance in Shumai 753, Xiaoganmai, and improved progeny lines of Shumai 753 × Xiaoganmai BC1F8"

品种(系)
Variety (line)		 生育期
GP (d)		 籽粒颜色
GC		 株高
PH (cm)		 有效分蘖
ETN		 穗长
SL (cm)		 小穗数
NS		 穗粒数
GNS		 千粒重
TGW (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm−2)		 成株期条锈病抗性
APR		 相对籽粒发芽指数
RSGI		 抗性基因 Resistance Genes
Yr18 Yr24/26 Yr15 TaMyb10-A-IIIDele
孝感麦Xiaoganmai 197 白White 168.70 16.20 11.20 21.40 64.20 34.11 1576.05 1 0.09 + - - +
蜀麦753 Shumai 753 186 红Red 85.30 4.30 11.90 19.80 41.80 41.70 5111.70 0; 0.84 - + + -
川农32Chuannong 32 185 白White 90.5 6.40 9.60 18.40 55.20 45.65 5236.65 2 0.96 / / / /
XG1 185 红Red 85.40 5.20 15.20 24.20 96.80 42.58 3407.40 0 0.91 - - + -
XG2 185 白White 90.30 7.60 12.60 24.20 96.80 37.59 3514.95 0 0.99 - - + -
XG3 185 白White 99.70 7.60 13.50 23.60 86.00 42.67 4043.25 0 0.99 - - + -
XG4 185 白White 97.80 9.80 11.60 24.60 73.80 42.19 4074.15 0 0.99 - - + -
XG5 185 白White 93.60 9.40 11.60 24.00 76.40 39.26 4305.45 0 0.99 - - + -
XG6 185 白White 92.80 15.60 14.20 25.40 101.60 43.46 3418.95 0 0.99 - - + -
XG7 186 白White 96.00 8.40 11.76 23.40 75.40 42.90 4647.60 0 1.00 + - + -
XG8 184 红Red 105.00 13.20 11.10 21.20 63.60 52.26 4275.30 0 0.41 + - + +
XG9 187 白White 102.80 9.60 11.70 25.20 75.60 44.56 3444.00 0 1.00 + + + -
XG10 185 红Red 104.60 9.40 10.00 22.20 66.60 48.20 3064.65 0 0.94 + - + +
XG11 184 白White 100.30 11.00 12.10 25.20 75.60 39.09 8380.35 0 0.99 + - + -
XG12 184 白White 96.80 14.20 11.20 24.60 79.40 40.60 8805.75 0 0.99 + - + -
XG13 184 白White 97.20 9.80 13.40 23.20 74.60 42.33 3278.10 0 1.00 + - + -
XG14 187 白White 95.80 10.00 10.00 22.80 77.80 42.34 4259.25 0 1.00 + - + +
XG15 187 红Red 109.40 11.00 11.80 22.00 70.20 50.85 4747.65 0 0.47 + - + -
XG16 183 红Red 110.80 14.60 11.80 21.40 68.80 47.01 4566.75 0 0.63 + - + -
XG17 187 白White 97.80 8.40 11.60 22.60 77.60 41.46 3638.55 0 1.00 + - + -
XG18 187 红Red 108.10 10.80 11.30 21.20 68.00 47.29 4724.10 0 0.84 + - + -
XG19 188 白White 98.00 9.00 11.80 24.80 94.40 37.31 4029.45 0 1.00 - - + -
XG20 185 白White 95.20 7.20 11.40 22.60 67.80 41.75 3976.20 0 1.00 - - + -
XG21 186 白White 96.60 11.80 11.00 22.80 73.00 44.61 3867.15 0 0.88 - - + -
XG22 185 白White 94.40 9.00 10.00 22.80 73.40 37.89 3332.70 0 1.00 + - + -
XG23 188 红Red 112.90 12.00 10.30 21.80 71.00 48.53 3763.65 0 0.87 + - + +
XG24 187 红Red 101.40 10.00 10.60 21.80 65.40 46.27 2685.75 0 0.83 + - + +
XG25 183 白White 100.00 11.00 13.80 27.40 116.20 43.98 3890.25 0 0.99 + - + -
XG26 184 红Red 94.40 9.00 13.10 23.40 95.20 43.70 2458.35 0 0.82 + - + -
XG27 184 红Red 109.80 9.80 11.00 22.20 71.60 45.19 3347.40 0 0.54 + - + +
XG28 186 白White 95.00 8.40 13.80 26.60 85.40 40.03 3784.20 0 1.00 + - + -
XG29 186 白White 90.10 7.40 11.00 24.00 77.00 40.21 3461.40 0 1.00 + - + -
XG30 187 白White 101.80 8.60 10.40 23.20 74.00 40.76 3127.20 0 0.99 + - + -
XG31 188 白White 106.00 8.80 10.70 22.80 68.40 41.55 3404.40 0 0.41 + - + +
XG32 184 红Red 108.60 10.60 10.60 22.60 82.00 50.31 3992.40 0 0.45 + - + +
XG33 183 白White 98.80 6.60 10.40 20.40 65.80 42.43 3625.05 0 1.00 + - + -
XG34 185 白White 91.40 7.40 13.20 22.40 81.20 43.16 3607.35 0 0.84 + - + -
XG35 184 红Red 101.00 6.60 11.00 21.60 64.80 50.44 3865.80 0 0.37 - - + +
XG36 183 白White 86.40 6.60 9.60 21.80 65.40 38.87 3687.15 0 1.00 - - + -
XG37 187 白White 93.60 7.60 11.20 23.20 74.40 40.37 3308.40 0 1.00 + - + -
XG38 187 白White 98.00 8.20 11.60 23.00 73.60 44.29 4037.70 0 1.00 - - + +
XG39 188 红Red 105.00 10.60 11.40 20.80 66.80 46.43 3211.20 0 0.94 - - + +
XG40 185 红Red 105.40 11.00 10.60 21.40 69.00 47.41 3612.75 0 0.70 - - + +
XG41 186 白White 98.80 9.40 11.60 23.20 79.00 42.97 4049.25 0 0.98 + - + -
XG42 185 红Red 105.60 9.40 10.40 22.00 66.00 49.35 2980.05 0 0.66 - - + +
XG43 188 红Red 99.60 6.40 14.40 25.00 100.00 43.92 3513.00 0 0.99 - - + -
XG44 187 白White 95.20 8.60 7.80 23.00 83.80 41.08 3492.15 0 1.00 + - + -
XG45 183 红Red 106.60 10.20 10.80 20.00 60.00 50.24 3732.90 0 0.94 + - + +
XG46 184 红Red 105.20 13.40 11.60 21.80 65.40 48.76 3471.45 0 0.97 + - + +
XG47 184 白White 96.80 9.20 11.00 23.20 84.20 45.27 4420.50 0 1.00 - - + -
XG48 186 红Red 104.00 11.00 11.60 22.00 66.00 52.26 4076.10 0 0.83 + - + +
XG49 186 红Red 107.20 11.00 10.40 20.40 64.80 49.88 4553.70 0 0.82 + - + +
XG50 187 红Red 103.60 11.00 11.40 23.20 79.40 44.48 3700.50 0 0.90 + - + +
XG51 188 红Red 102.74 14.80 12.40 23.80 81.00 47.62 4511.55 0 0.53 + - + +
XG52 184 红Red 105.46 12.00 12.20 23.00 82.80 47.06 4770.90 0 0.34 - - + +
XG53 183 白White 97.88 11.20 10.48 21.80 65.40 43.57 3933.75 0 0.97 - - + -
XG54 185 白White 98.66 11.20 10.58 23.60 70.80 39.52 3454.50 0 1.00 + - + -
XG55 184 红Red 104.84 11.40 11.26 22.00 66.00 42.12 1933.20 0 0.65 + - + +
XG56 184 红Red 107.34 13.00 11.22 21.20 63.60 46.68 4157.25 0 0.88 + - + +
XG57 184 白White 96.02 9.60 10.88 22.20 66.60 44.09 3724.65 0 0.99 - - + -
XG58 184 白White 98.88 9.80 12.00 26.00 78.00 42.90 3666.75 0 1.00 + - + -
XG59 187 红Red 103.18 12.60 12.06 24.20 72.60 41.85 2739.75 0 0.74 + - + +
XG60 187 白White 99.90 9.60 11.24 24.80 74.40 40.96 3950.70 0 0.99 - - + -
XG61 183 白White 92.24 7.60 13.58 25.20 75.60 43.18 2574.45 0 0.98 + - + -
XG62 187 红Red 108.34 12.00 11.38 21.40 64.20 48.29 4473.15 0 0.79 + - + +
XG63 187 红Red 111.54 11.60 9.78 20.60 61.80 46.59 4250.10 0 0.78 + - + +
XG64 188 红Red 105.82 9.80 11.14 20.80 62.40 51.84 3916.95 0 0.96 + - + +
XG65 185 白White 99.00 10.00 12.02 22.40 67.20 37.27 3181.50 0 1.00 + - + -
XG66 186 白White 97.56 10.40 10.72 24.40 73.20 36.50 2865.60 0 1.00 + - + -
XG67 185 白White 99.52 9.40 9.44 22.40 67.20 38.34 1918.80 0 1.00 + - + -
XG68 188 红Red 95.66 12.20 14.62 25.20 75.60 41.15 2959.35 0 0.97 + - + -
XG69 187 红Red 108.04 12.20 11.78 21.60 64.80 49.38 3723.15 0 0.86 + - + -
XG70 183 红Red 105.46 12.80 10.94 20.40 61.20 49.96 3758.25 0 0.92 + - + -
XG71 184 红Red 107.10 11.80 10.88 21.00 63.00 52.18 3818.10 0 0.75 - - + -
XG72 184 白White 94.54 10.20 11.08 21.60 64.80 43.92 3274.95 0 1.00 - - + -
XG73 186 红Red 96.16 8.80 13.00 22.80 73.20 41.88 2820.00 0 0.75 + - + -
XG74 186 红Red 103.68 9.60 9.60 20.00 60.00 49.38 3445.65 0 0.94 - - + +
XG75 187 白White 94.00 8.20 13.84 23.60 94.40 43.14 3425.40 0 0.71 + - + -
XG76 188 红Red 105.04 11.40 11.02 21.60 64.80 48.26 3762.15 0 0.63 - - + +
XG77 184 白White 99.80 8.60 10.72 22.40 67.20 42.38 3423.30 0 0.99 - - + -
XG78 183 红Red 102.08 10.60 10.18 21.80 65.40 47.42 2644.35 0 0.79 - - + +
XG79 185 白White 92.56 7.80 13.06 23.40 84.80 44.00 2597.40 0 0.92 - - + -
XG80 184 红Red 103.82 11.40 11.24 22.40 76.80 49.95 3959.10 0 0.86 - - + -
XG81 183 红Red 94.42 8.40 10.18 22.40 67.20 41.04 2365.20 0 0.92 - - + -
XG82 187 红Red 100.48 12.40 10.26 21.40 64.20 50.07 3270.90 0 0.95 + - + +
XG83 187 红Red 104.84 9.00 11.12 22.20 66.60 51.10 3705.45 0 0.69 - - + +
XG84 188 白White 90.76 11.80 10.16 22.20 66.60 45.16 3096.45 0 0.75 + - + -
XG85 185 红Red 105.94 14.60 11.42 23.40 70.20 47.65 4629.15 0 0.60 + - + +
XG86 186 红Red 113.78 13.60 11.34 23.20 69.60 48.28 4087.65 0 0.64 - - + +
XG87 185 红Red 111.68 12.00 11.00 21.40 64.20 48.58 4089.30 0 0.79 + - + +
XG88 188 红Red 108.98 12.00 9.66 20.80 62.40 47.25 3332.10 0 0.49 - - + +
XG89 185 红Red 110.70 9.40 11.22 23.00 69.00 46.70 2908.50 0 0.74 - - + +
XG90 188 红Red 108.08 11.80 11.90 23.60 70.80 46.03 3282.30 0 0.87 - - + +
XG91 187 白White 96.22 9.20 13.66 25.40 76.20 35.43 2590.20 0 0.97 - - + -
XG92 183 白White 100.14 9.80 13.36 25.80 77.40 39.63 2829.60 0 0.99 - - + -
XG93 184 白White 98.92 8.80 11.74 25.00 75.00 39.12 3532.80 0 0.99 + - + -
XG94 184 红Red 110.54 13.00 10.56 21.20 63.60 45.50 2705.40 0 0.82 - - + +
XG95 186 红Red 91.94 9.20 11.38 23.60 70.80 41.88 5423.25 0 1.00 + - + -
XG96 186 红Red 104.48 11.00 11.36 22.40 67.20 45.34 3262.20 0 0.46 + - + +
XG97 187 红Red 100.58 12.40 11.72 22.40 67.20 46.03 2142.60 0 0.89 + - + +
XG98 188 红Red 111.08 11.60 11.02 22.40 67.20 45.88 2851.50 0 0.66 + - + +
XG99 184 红Red 104.56 11.80 11.72 24.00 72.00 44.14 2804.25 0 0.73 + - + +
XG100 183 红Red 106.04 9.80 10.56 23.20 69.60 48.54 3144.00 0 0.76 + - + +
XG101 185 红Red 98.80 10.40 10.26 20.80 62.40 50.93 3064.65 0 0.88 + - + +
XG102 184 红Red 102.04 11.20 11.00 22.20 66.60 49.84 3182.85 0 0.78 + - + +
XG103 184 红Red 103.02 10.80 10.80 23.20 69.60 48.77 2674.50 0 0.88 - - + +
XG104 184 红Red 104.34 11.80 10.64 22.00 66.00 49.53 2545.20 0 0.79 - - + -
XG105 184 红Red 106.30 11.80 10.68 21.80 65.40 48.24 3536.10 0 0.70 + - + +
XG106 187 白White 98.00 11.60 11.76 24.00 72.00 43.68 4048.95 0 1.00 - - + -
XG107 187 红Red 104.08 14.00 10.82 22.40 67.20 45.97 2490.15 0 0.86 - - + +
XG108 183 白White 95.60 11.80 11.30 22.20 66.60 43.34 3110.85 0 1.00 - - + -
XG109 187 白White 95.54 10.60 11.06 22.80 68.40 42.28 3368.40 0 1.00 - - + -
XG110 187 红Red 111.04 13.60 10.46 22.00 66.00 49.57 4392.75 0 0.45 - - + -
XG111 188 白White 90.44 11.20 11.04 24.00 72.00 36.56 2697.30 0 1.00 - - + -
XG112 185 红Red 109.20 13.80 11.64 24.00 72.00 48.44 3925.35 0 0.98 - - + +
XG113 186 白White 100.14 12.40 11.68 24.00 72.00 42.92 4342.65 0 1.00 - - + -
XG114 185 白White 102.64 13.40 11.52 24.00 72.00 43.70 4048.20 0 0.97 - - + -
XG115 188 白White 97.08 13.60 12.74 25.00 80.60 42.74 3880.50 0 1.00 - - + -
XG116 187 白White 94.82 11.60 11.06 23.60 70.80 39.35 3858.45 0 1.00 - - + -
XG117 183 白White 104.68 11.80 11.20 23.40 75.00 43.25 4158.75 0 1.00 + - + -
XG118 184 红Red 107.48 11.40 11.52 23.60 75.60 49.28 4717.20 0 0.74 - - + -
XG119 184 白White 102.18 10.00 11.90 24.40 73.20 42.06 4049.55 0 0.82 - - + -
XG120 186 白White 103.68 9.60 11.68 23.20 69.60 44.72 4064.10 0 1.00 - - + -
XG121 186 白White 97.34 11.00 10.62 22.40 67.20 45.37 3322.65 0 1.00 - - + -
XG122 187 白White 101.90 13.00 11.10 23.00 79.20 39.41 3149.25 0 1.00 - - + -
XG123 188 白White 98.14 12.40 12.40 25.00 80.20 42.37 4314.00 0 1.00 - - + -
XG124 184 白White 97.58 9.40 10.64 21.80 74.60 45.12 3805.80 0 1.00 - - + -
XG125 183 白White 100.84 11.20 11.66 24.00 72.00 43.07 4355.70 0 1.00 - - + -
XG126 185 白White 92.60 9.40 10.80 23.60 85.00 35.12 3130.35 0 1.00 - - + -
XG127 184 红Red 107.10 9.60 10.42 21.20 68.20 42.38 2436.45 0 0.41 - - + +
XG128 183 白White 96.72 9.80 11.54 24.40 78.20 42.06 3689.40 0 1.00 - - + -
XG129 187 白White 95.60 10.40 12.48 26.20 89.40 40.58 3355.80 0 1.00 - - + -
XG130 187 红Red 100.86 8.60 11.76 24.80 84.20 42.95 2873.25 0 0.64 - - + +
XG131 188 白White 89.88 11.20 11.42 24.60 88.80 38.22 3292.50 0 1.00 + - + -
XG132 185 红Red 99.52 12.20 11.28 23.80 86.00 44.15 3457.35 0 1.00 + - + -
XG133 186 白White 94.30 9.80 9.46 20.20 60.60 40.14 2642.25 0 1.00 - - + -
XG134 183 白White 101.14 12.20 11.28 24.40 73.20 40.62 4161.00 0 1.00 + - + -
XG135 187 白White 92.22 8.80 10.28 22.00 66.00 47.05 2164.20 0 0.77 + - + -
XG136 186 白White 96.50 10.80 10.88 22.80 68.40 46.54 4589.55 0 1.00 + - + -
XG137 188 红Red 109.36 10.40 10.06 18.60 55.80 48.17 3946.80 0 0.84 - - + +
XG138 182 红Red 99.44 11.84 11.60 24.20 78.20 47.80 2219.40 0 0.84 - - + +
XG139 187 红Red 109.40 10.40 12.62 22.80 68.40 49.18 5127.30 0 0.68 - - + -
XG140 184 白White 96.94 10.00 12.04 26.20 89.20 41.52 3842.25 0 1.00 - - + -
XG141 185 红Red 103.74 10.20 9.36 22.00 66.00 50.61 3664.05 0 0.39 - - + +
XG142 185 红Red 106.06 11.80 11.00 24.40 73.20 49.14 3925.65 0 0.35 - - + +
XG143 185 白White 98.66 8.60 10.26 22.40 71.80 41.64 4288.65 0 0.99 - - + -
XG144 185 红Red 110.02 10.60 9.72 21.20 63.60 46.23 3384.75 0 0.97 - - + -
XG145 186 红Red 108.90 9.40 10.18 20.80 62.40 47.75 2786.75 0 0.74 - - + +
XG146 187 白White 98.70 10.00 10.34 21.60 64.80 44.21 3818.40 0 0.98 + - + -
XG147 188 红Red 103.74 10.20 10.88 23.40 70.20 51.09 3325.65 0 0.38 + - + +
XG148 189 红Red 88.02 7.80 8.98 20.80 62.40 45.37 3112.50 0 0.57 - - + -
XG149 184 白White 90.92 10.40 10.68 22.40 76.00 48.74 1970.70 0 0.78 - + + -
XG150 183 红Red 101.84 8.20 10.26 21.40 64.20 50.78 3424.55 0 0.83 + - + -
XG151 187 红Red 103.42 9.00 11.56 24.20 72.60 47.43 2685.30 0 0.35 - - + +
XG152 184 白White 103.50 8.80 9.28 19.80 59.40 47.87 3348.75 0 0.55 - - + +
XG153 186 红Red 107.30 9.40 10.70 20.60 61.80 45.29 2817.15 0 0.75 - - + +
XG154 186 红Red 105.40 10.20 9.32 19.60 58.80 48.81 3995.10 0 0.37 + - + +
XG155 187 红Red 113.00 10.40 10.92 21.80 65.40 49.65 4066.65 0 0.87 + - + -
XG156 188 白White 98.70 10.00 15.18 25.60 97.60 43.55 3420.75 0 0.92 - - + -
XG157 184 红Red 110.20 10.60 9.80 22.00 70.80 49.23 1995.75 0 0.39 - - + +
XG158 183 红Red 103.40 7.80 12.14 23.00 69.00 45.27 2502.75 0 0.70 - - + -
XG159 185 红Red 108.30 6.40 11.52 24.20 77.60 42.63 2498.85 0 0.61 + - + +
XG160 184 红Red 110.90 9.20 11.76 22.80 73.40 41.23 2987.40 0 0.61 + - + +
XG161 183 红Red 111.20 8.00 8.98 18.20 54.60 48.75 2801.40 0 0.54 - - + +
XG162 187 红Red 106.90 11.40 9.62 20.00 60.00 45.01 2981.40 0 0.84 - - + +
XG163 187 白White 111.60 13.20 9.52 20.40 61.20 48.25 3973.20 0 0.97 - - + -
XG164 188 红Red 113.30 9.08 10.42 20.20 60.60 44.25 3760.20 0 0.33 + - + +
XG165 185 红Red 115.10 10.60 8.86 20.00 60.00 46.30 3622.80 0 0.65 + - + +
XG166 186 白White 97.76 10.00 9.02 20.20 60.60 44.10 3611.40 0 1.00 - - + -
XG167 183 红Red 107.70 9.60 9.30 20.60 61.80 48.94 3461.85 0 0.91 - - + +
XG168 187 红Red 108.70 10.80 10.08 21.00 63.00 50.36 3823.05 0 0.86 - - + +
XG169 186 红Red 105.20 7.80 9.06 19.40 58.20 50.41 2132.10 0 0.79 - - + +
XG170 188 白White 88.20 8.20 8.56 21.20 63.60 40.35 2532.15 0 1.00 + - + -
XG171 182 白White 91.90 8.00 9.66 22.20 66.60 39.78 3210.15 0 0.98 - - + -
XG172 187 红Red 109.30 10.80 9.94 21.20 63.60 46.98 3923.10 0 0.91 - - + +
XG173 184 红Red 110.80 11.80 9.62 19.40 62.60 48.84 3821.55 0 0.71 + - + +
XG174 185 红Red 112.12 11.20 10.72 21.80 65.40 47.57 4205.40 0 0.87 - - + -
XG175 185 白White 93.82 5.20 14.56 23.40 75.20 42.19 3362.85 0 0.92 - - + -
XG176 185 白White 98.06 7.40 11.40 24.60 88.60 40.93 3995.25 0 1.00 - - + -
XG177 185 白White 100.42 8.40 10.86 22.40 71.60 41.05 3528.90 0 0.97 - - + -
XG178 186 白White 93.60 8.80 10.06 22.60 72.60 42.65 3319.80 0 1.00 - - + -

Fig. 2

Phenotypic evaluation of agronomic traits in Xiaoganmai, Shumai 753, and their improved progeny lines derived from Shumai 753 × Xiaoganmai Scale bar: 20 cm."

Fig. 3

Phenotypic evaluation of adult-plant stripe rust resistance in Xiaoganmai, Shumai 753, and their improved progeny lines derived from the Shumai 753 × Xiaoganmai cross Scale bar: 20 cm."

Fig. 4

Phenotypic analysis of 178 BC1F8 progeny lines derived from the Shumai 753 × Xiaoganmai cross The red line indicates the phenotypic value of Xiaoganmai; the green line indicates that of Shumai 753."

Fig. 5

Phenotypic evaluation of grain pre-harvest sprouting resistance in Xiaoganmai, Shumai 753, and their improved progeny lines derived from the Shumai 753 × Xiaoganmai cross. Scale bar: 3 cm."

Table 1

Correlation analysis of yield and yield-related traits in improved BC1F8 progeny lines derived from the Shumai 753 × Xiaoganmai cross"

性状
Trait		 株高
Plant height		 有效分蘖数
Effective tiller number		 穗长
Spike length		 小穗数
Number of spikelets		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 千粒重
Thousand-grain weight		 产量
Yield
株高 Plant height 1.000
有效分蘖数Effective tiller number 0.440** 1.000
穗长Spike length -0.210** -0.041 1.000
小穗数Number of spikelets -0.377** -0.026 0.688** 1.000
穗粒数Grain number per spike -0.392** -0.138* 0.681** 0.794** 1.000
千粒重Thousand-grain weight 0.357** 0.232** -0.260** -0.514** -0.434** 1.000
产量Yield -0.041 0.203** 0.101 0.142* 0.116 0.057 1.000

Table 2

Path analysis of yield and yield-related traits in improved BC1F8 progeny lines derived from the Shumai 753 × Xiaoganmai cross"

性状
Trait		 直接通径系数
Direct path coefficient		 间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
X1 -0.1230 — 0.1043 0.0029 -0.0490 -0.0263 0.0493
X2 0.2370 -0.0541 — 0.0006 -0.0034 -0.0092 0.0320
X3 -0.0140 0.0258 -0.0097 — 0.0894 0.0456 -0.0359
X4 0.1300 0.0464 -0.0062 -0.0096 — 0.0532 -0.0709
X5 0.0670 0.0482 -0.0327 -0.0095 0.1032 — -0.0599
X6 0.1380 -0.0439 0.0550 0.0036 -0.0668 -0.0291 —

Fig. 6

Molecular detection of Yr18, Yr15, Yr24/26, and TaMyb10-A-IIIDele in selected improved BC1F8 progeny lines derived from the Shumai 753 × Xiaoganmai cross A: molecular detection of Yr15 in partial improved progeny lines of Shumai 753/Xiaoganmai. M: Marker; 1: XG94; 2: XG95; 3: XG96; 4: XG97: 5: XG98: 6: XG99; 7: XG100; 8: XG101; 9: AvSYr15 NIL; 10: Avocet S; the molecular weight on the right indicates the specific target band of Yr15. B: molecular detection of Yr24/26 in partial improved progeny lines of Shumai 753/Xiaoganmai. M: Marker; 1: XG94; 2: XG95; 3: XG96; 4: XG97: 5: XG98: 6: XG99; 7: XG100; 8: XG101; 9: AvSYr24/26 NIL; 10: Avocet S; the molecular weight on the right indicates the specific target band of Yr24/26. C: molecular detection of Yr18 in partial improved progeny lines of Shumai 753/Xiaoganmai. M: Marker; 1: XG94; 2: XG95; 3: XG96; 4: XG97: 5: XG98: 6: XG99; 7: XG100; 8: XG101; 9: AvSYr18 NIL; 10: Avocet S; the molecular weight on the right indicates the specific target band of Yr18. D: molecular detection of TaMyb10-A-IIIDele in partial improved progeny lines of Shumai 753/Xiaoganmai. M: Marker; 1: XG94; 2: XG95; 3: XG96; 4: XG97: 5: XG98: 6: XG99; 7: XG100; 8: XG101; 9: Xiaoganmai; 10: Shumai 753; the molecular weight on the right indicates the specific target band of TaMyb10-A-IIIDele."

Fig. 7

Seedling-stage resistance evaluation of line XG9, derived from the Shumai 753 × Xiaoganmai cross, against multiple races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (stripe rust). A: susceptible control Mingxian 169; B: line XG9."

Table 3

Phenotypic evaluation of yield, stripe rust resistance, and pre-harvest sprouting resistance in Shumai 753, Xiaoganmai, and elite improved BC1F8 progeny lines derived from the Shumai 753 × Xiaoganmai cross"

品种(系)
Variety (line)		 生育期
GP (d)		 籽粒颜色
GC		 株高
PH (cm)		 有效分蘖数
ETN		 穗长
SL (cm)		 小穗数
NS		 穗粒数
GNS		 千粒重
TGW (g)
孝感麦Xiaoganmai 197b 白White 168.70 a 16.20 a 11.20 ab 21.40 abc 64.20 abc 34.78 f
蜀麦753 Shumai 753 186a 红Red 85.30 i 4.30 d 11.90 ab 19.80 bc 41.80 d 41.66 e
川农32 Chuannong 32 185a 白White 90.50 hi 6.40 cd 9.60 b 18.40 c 55.20 cbd 45.58 cd
XG12a 184a 白White 96.80 fjh 14.20 ab 11.20 ab 24.60 ab 79.40 ab 40.64 e
XG11a 184a 白White 100.30 dfg 11.00 abc 12.10 ab 25.20 a 75.60 abc 40.14 e
XG95a 186a 红Red 91.94 ghi 9.20 bcd 11.38 ab 23.60 ab 70.80 abc 41.10 e
XG139a 187a 红Red 109.40 bcd 10.40 abc 12.62 a 22.80 abc 68.40 abc 49.58 ab
XG9b 187a 白White 102.80 abc 9.60 bcd 11.70 ab 25.20 a 75.60 abc 45.66 cd
XG164c 188a 红Red 113.30 b 9.08 bcd 10.42 ab 20.20 abc 60.60 bcd 45.39 d
XG52c 184a 红Red 105.46 bcde 12.00 abc 12.20 ab 23.00 abc 82.80 a 47.50 bcd
XG151c 187a 红Red 103.42 cdef 9.00 bcd 11.56 ab 24.20 ab 72.60 abc 47.61 bcd
XG142c 185a 红Red 106.06 bcde 11.80 abc 11.00 ab 24.40 ab 73.20 abc 50.15 ab
XG154c 186a 红Red 105.40 bcde 10.20 bc 9.32 b 19.60 ac 58.80 bcd 48.74 abc
XG35c 184a 红Red 101.00 def 6.60 cd 11.00 ab 21.60 abc 64.80 abc 50.89 a
XG147c 188a 红Red 103.74 cdef 10.20 bc 10.88 ab 23.40 abc 70.20 abc 50.51 ab
XG157c 184a 红Red 110.20 bc 10.60 abc 9.80 ab 22.00 abc 70.80 abc 49.64 ab
XG141c 185a 红Red 103.74 cdef 10.20 bc 9.36 b 22.00 abc 66.00 abc 51.52 a
品种(系)
Variety (line)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 成株期条锈病抗性
APR		 相对籽粒发芽指数
RSGI		 抗性基因 Resistance genes
Yr18 Yr24/26 Yr15 TaMyb10-A-IIIDele
孝感麦Xiaoganmai 1576.05 1 0.09 e + - - +
蜀麦753 Shumai 753 5111.70 0 0.84 bc - + + -
川农32 Chuannong 32 5236.65 2 0.96 ab / / / /
品种(系)
Variety (line)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 成株期条锈病抗性
APR		 相对籽粒发芽指数
RSGI		 抗性基因 Resistance genes
Yr18 Yr24/26 Yr15 TaMyb10-A-IIIDele
XG12a 8805.75 0 0.99 a + - + -
XG11a 8380.35 0 0.99 a + - + -
XG95a 5423.25 0 1.00 a + - + -
XG139a 5127.30 0 0.68 c - - + -
XG9b 3444.00 0 1.00 a + + + -
XG164c 3760.20 0 0.33 d + - + +
XG52c 4770.90 0 0.34 d - - + +
XG151c 2685.30 0 0.35 d - - + +
XG142c 3925.65 0 0.35 d - - + +
XG154c 3995.10 0 0.37 d + - + +
XG35c 3865.80 0 0.37 d - - + +
XG147c 3325.65 0 0.38 d + - + +
XG157c 1995.75 0 0.39 d - - + +
XG141c 3664.05 0 0.3 9d - - + +
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