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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 1997-2007.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.01034

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Genetic diversity analysis of winter wheat landraces and modern bred varieties in Xinjiang based on agronomic traits

MA Yan-Ming1,2(), FENG Zhi-Yu1, WANG Wei2, ZHANG Sheng-Jun3, GUO Ying4, NI Zhong-Fu1, LIU Jie1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
    2Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China
    3Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Ili Prefecture, Yining 835011, Xinjiang, China
    4College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-04-16 Accepted:2020-07-02 Online:2020-08-17 Published:2020-04-28
  • Contact: LIU Jie E-mail:ymma213@sina.com;liujie13251@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance’s National Crop Germplasm Resources Sharing Service Plat-form (Xinjiang) Project(NICGR2015-029)

Abstract:

Grain yield is one of the most important goals in wheat breeding, and agronomic or yield-related traits can directly reflect the characteristics of varieties. In order to determine the evolution of genetic diversity in agronomic traits of Xinjiang winter wheat varieties and their adaptabilities to different ecological environments, 134 winter wheat landraces and 54 moderns bred varieties from Xinjiang were selected for agronomic trait investigation. They were planted in three different ecological environments (Urumqi and Yining in Xinjiang province, and Tai’an in Shandong province) for two consecutive growth seasons, and nine agronomic and yield-related traits were surveyed and analyzed. The estimated broad sense heritability of nine agronomic and yield traits was in descending order: plant height > grain width > grain length/width ratio > spike length > spikelet number > thousand- kernel weight > grain number per spike > grain length > fertile spikelet number. Correlation analyses of nine agronomic and yield traits showed that these traits were correlated with each other. It was found that the plant height, spike length and grain length/width ratio of landraces were higher than that in modern bred varieties, but the grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight, grain length and grain width in landraces were less than that in modern bred varieties. However, the correlation coefficient of these nine traits was higher in modern bred varieties than that in landraces. These variations reflected the evolution of Xinjiang winter wheat varieties in agronomic traits in recent years. This study may provide important information for breeders to select the breeding parents in different winter wheat regions.

Key words: Xinjiang, winter wheat, landrace, modern bred varieties, agronomic and yield-related traits, genetic diversity

Table 1

Different growth conditions for wheat agronomic traits determination"

序号
No.
编号
Code
年份
Year
地点
Location
经度
Longitude
纬度
Latitude
E1 UR2017 2017 新疆乌鲁木齐Urumqi, Xinjiang 86.22°E 44.31°N
E2 UR2018 2018 新疆乌鲁木齐Urumqi, Xinjiang 86.22°E 44.31°N
E3 YN2017 2017 新疆伊宁Yining, Xinjiang 81.32°E 43.92°N
E4 YN2018 2018 新疆伊宁Yining, Xinjiang 81.32°E 43.92°N
E5 TA2017 2017 山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong 117.17°E 36.17°N
E6 TA2018 2018 山东泰安Tai’an, Shandong 117.17°E 36.17°N

Table 2

Analysis of agronomic and yield-related traits of 188 wheat accessions"

性状
Trait
环境
Environment
最小值
Min.
最大值
Max.
平均值
Mean
标准差
SD
变异系数
CV (%)
广义遗传力
H2 (%)
株高 E1 47.97 142.40 114.25 22.31 19.53 92.58
PH (cm) E2 48.48 146.34 116.56 20.12 17.26
E3 47.34 147.82 114.24 18.56 16.25
E4 53.00 148.20 112.94 19.10 16.91
E5 59.68 144.40 117.14 15.54 13.27
E6 55.02 136.48 112.97 14.50 12.83
穗长 E1 7.40 15.28 11.07 1.31 11.81 79.61
SL (cm) E2 7.62 15.61 11.41 1.42 12.41
E3 7.60 15.36 11.25 1.58 14.01
E4 8.22 16.50 11.95 1.56 13.05
E5 8.60 17.47 11.93 1.45 12.12
E6 8.18 17.54 11.43 1.46 13.16
小穗数 E1 16.40 26.00 19.91 1.41 7.10 75.26
SN (个) E2 15.27 25.41 20.45 1.70 8.15
E3 15.25 25.00 20.58 1.68 8.17
E4 15.00 26.20 20.47 2.05 10.01
E5 16.80 28.00 20.13 1.51 7.50
E6 16.20 25.40 20.51 1.58 7.72
结实小穗数 E1 16.00 26.00 19.10 1.36 7.10 60.44
FSN (个) E2 15.18 24.16 19.34 1.51 7.61
E3 15.25 24.00 19.71 1.59 8.22
E4 15.00 25.20 19.46 1.90 9.30
E5 15.20 27.20 19.89 1.57 7.95
E6 14.80 29.00 19.67 1.76 9.45
穗粒数 E1 26.43 82.00 46.82 7.02 14.98 68.21
GNPS (个) E2 28.56 83.80 49.60 6.59 13.29
E3 24.40 83.60 52.23 8.54 16.35
E4 27.80 80.00 51.95 9.95 19.15
E5 25.60 75.00 47.98 7.85 16.36
E6 21.90 73.50 42.21 8.29 19.64
性状
Trait
环境
Environment
最小值
Min.
最大值
Max.
平均值
Mean
标准差
SD
变异系数
CV (%)
广义遗传力
H2 (%)
千粒重 E1 17.97 48.72 24.29 5.16 21.24 71.56
TKW (g) E2 13.90 49.89 25.63 4.96 19.35
E3 12.30 43.90 24.57 4.23 29.43
E4 13.49 43.78 23.76 4.07 17.13
E5 12.12 48.91 25.49 6.97 27.34
E6 19.78 52.51 29.70 6.98 23.50
粒长 E1 5.92 8.85 7.38 0.46 6.23 64.25
GL (mm) E2 5.92 8.18 6.94 0.49 7.06
E3 5.76 7.90 6.46 0.34 5.26
E4 5.73 8.10 6.48 0.41 6.33
E5 5.70 7.61 6.43 0.35 5.44
E6 5.71 7.63 6.48 0.35 5.40
粒宽 E1 2.29 3.63 3.23 0.36 11.11 83.90
GW (mm) E2 2.14 3.68 3.17 0.26 8.12
E3 2.24 3.65 2.72 0.33 12.33
E4 2.18 3.58 2.63 0.26 9.68
E5 2.26 3.54 2.67 0.27 10.06
E6 2.35 3.52 2.78 0.26 9.32
粒长/粒宽 E1 1.85 2.88 2.33 0.23 10.01 80.02
GL/GW E2 1.88 2.68 2.24 0.18 8.13
E3 1.88 3.00 2.45 0.26 10.61
E4 1.99 3.00 2.51 0.19 7.37
E5 1.79 2.95 2.38 0.23 9.85
E6 1.85 2.88 2.33 0.23 10.01

Table 3

Correlation coefficients among nine phenotypic traits under six different environments"

性状
Trait
株高
PH
穗长
SL
结实小穗数
FSN
小穗数
SN
穗粒数
GNPS
千粒重
TKW
粒长
GL
粒宽
GW
籽粒长宽比
GL/GW
PH E1 0.486** 0.258** 0.319** -0.496** -0.612** 0.458** -0.099 -0.451**
SL 0.597** 0.668** 0.615** 0.106 -0.299** 0.385** 0.090 -0.285**
FSN 0.527** 0.710** 0.881** 0.346** -0.119 0.205** 0.098 -0.134
SN 0.575** 0.638** 0.934** 0.248** -0.100 0.088 0.099 -0.027
GNPS -0.247** 0.296** 0.378** 0.234** 0.237** -0.147 0.038 0.174*
TKW -0.368** -0.129 -0.200** -0.273** -0.009 -0.614** 0.186* 0.661**
GL 0.376** 0.433** 0.111 0.061 0.010 -0.345** 0.081 -0.782**
GW 0.003 0.160* -0.044 -0.134 -0.013 0.355** 0.284** 0.482**
GL/GW -0.364** -0.242** -0.180* -0.215** -0.010 0.629** -0.562** 0.620** E2
PH E3 0.530** 0.461** 0.531** -0.238** -0.305** 0.355** -0.188* -0.421**
SL 0.430** 0.585** 0.498** 0.046 -0.187* 0.272** 0.135 -0.194*
FSN 0.200** 0.332** 0.862** 0.329** -0.086 0.096 0.032 -0.072
SN 0.332** 0.394** 0.929** 0.179* -0.116 0.041 -0.134 -0.110
GNPS -0.189* -0.035 0.617** 0.448** 0.240** -0.343** -0.109 0.274**
TKW -0.015 -0.043 0.122 0.020 0.183* -0.680** 0.248** 0.756**
GL 0.085 0.193* -0.253** -0.173* -0.375** -0.474** 0.052 -0.883**
GW -0.358** -0.145 -0.128 -0.197* 0.110 0.435** 0.048 0.395**
GL/GW -0.341** -0.255 0.131 0.024 0.371** 0.639** -0.775** 0.562** E4
PH E5 0.427** 0.312** 0.234** -0.281** -0.266** 0.237** -0.145 -0.336**
SL 0.376** 0.483** 0.503** 0.153* -0.121 0.174* 0.096 -0.125
FSN 0.179* 0.184* 0.932** 0.433** 0.157* -0.269** -0.036 0.245**
SN 0.192** 0.167* 0.908** 0.319** 0.077 -0.219** -0.087 0.166*
GNPS -0.367** -0.001 0.344** 0.207** 0.271** -0.313** 0.068 0.330**
TKW -0.439** -0.150* 0.150* 0.053 0.420** -0.666** 0.537** 0.954**
GL 0.419** 0.117 -0.229** -0.137 -0.355** -0.695** 0.217** -0.808**
GW 0.079 -0.004 -0.110 -0.097 0.061 0.167* 0.456** 0.374
GL/GW -0.416** -0.134 0.196** 0.096 0.439** 0.889** -0.834** 0.098 E6

Table 4

Simple variance analyses of the traits between wheat landraces and modern bred varieties"

性状
Trait
项目
Item
平方和
Quadratic sum
自由度
Degree of freedom
均方
Mean square
F 显著性
Significance
株高PH 组间Between groups 145,021.238 1 145,021.238 743.749 0.000
组内Within group 210,975.788 1082 194.987
总计Total 355,997.027 1083
穗长SL 组间Between groups 238.782 1 238.782 115.540 0.000
组内Within group 2,236.119 1082 2.067
总计Total 2,474.900 1083
小穗数SN 组间Between groups 33.791 1 33.791 11.252 0.001
组内Within group 3,249.439 1082 3.003
总计Total 3,283.229 1083
结实小穗数FSN 组间Between groups 2.206 1 2.206 0.735 0.392
组内Within group 3,248.686 1082 3.002
总计Total 3,250.893 1083
穗粒数GNPS 组间Between groups 7,840.371 1 7840.371 113.963 0.000
组内Within group 74,438.959 1082 68.798
总计Total 82,279.330 1083
千粒重TKW 组间Between groups 11,482.793 1 11,482.793 200.318 0.000
组内Within group 62,023.167 1082 57.323
总计Total 73,505.960 1083
粒长GL 组间Between groups 5.075 1 5.075 24.223 0.000
组内Within group 226.885 1083 0.209
总计Total 231.960 1084
粒宽GW 组间Between groups 30.871 1 30.871 321.933 0.000
组内Within group 103.851 1083 0.096
总计Total 134.722 1084
粒长/粒宽GL/GW 组间Between groups 12.673 1 12.673 311.085 0.000
组内Within group 44.120 1083 0.041
总计Total 56.793 1084

Table 5

Comparison of the agronomic and yield-related traits between wheat landraces and modern bred varieties"

性状
Trait
环境
Environment
地方品种Landraces 现代育成品种Modern bred varieties 各性状
均值差(L-C)
MD
变幅
Range
平均值
Average
标准差
SD
变异系数
CV (%)
变幅
Range
平均值
Average
标准差
SD
变异系数
CV (%)
株高 E1 103.61-142.40 117.30 8.24 6.57 47.97-128.99 86.82 22.07 25.42 30.48
PH (cm) E2 101.64-146.34 119.13 7.67 6.13 48.48-126.19 90.67 23.74 26.18 28.46
E3 101.57-147.82 121.56 8.13 6.69 47.34-132.20 93.53 23.63 25.27 28.03
E4 103.30-148.20 119.74 11.78 9.84 53.00-137.20 93.68 22.55 24.07 26.06
E5 97.84-144.40 121.76 9.30 7.64 59.68-139.42 105.55 21.18 20.07 16.21
E6 99.20-136.48 118.54 6.51 5.49 55.02-132.26 98.03 18.90 19.28 20.52
穗长 E1 8.61-14.48 11.36 1.05 9.20 7.40-15.28 10.35 1.60 15.42 1.01
SL (cm) E2 9.32-15.10 11.30 1.09 9.24 7.62-15.61 10.27 1.67 16.25 1.03
E3 7.60-15.36 11.54 1.40 12.14 7.72-14.80 10.43 1.76 16.90 1.11
E4 8.30-16.50 11.79 1.25 10.15 8.22-15.06 10.69 1.91 17.43 1.10
E5 8.60-16.98 12.06 1.36 11.28 9.30-17.47 11.15 1.61 13.85 0.91
性状
Trait
环境
Environment
地方品种Landraces 现代育成品种Modern bred varieties 各性状
均值差(L-C)
MD
变幅
Range
平均值
Average
标准差
SD
变异系数
CV (%)
变幅
Range
平均值
Average
标准差
SD
变异系数
CV (%)
E6 8.18-17.05 11.90 1.39 12.31 9.26-17.54 10.96 1.58 14.75 0.94
小穗数(个)
SN
E1 17.00-22.62 20.01 1.04 5.20 16.40-26.00 19.69 2.06 10.46 0.31
E2 16.43-25.41 21.24 1.23 5.79 15.27-24.28 19.79 2.35 11.87 0.43
E3 16.00-25.50 20.78 1.46 7.03 15.25-24.50 20.04 2.12 10.58 0.67
E4 15.00-26.20 20.55 1.67 7.75 16.00-26.20 20.24 2.72 13.44 0.31
E5 16.80-24.50 20.85 1.32 6.33 18.00-28.00 21.81 1.90 8.71 -0.96
E6 16.20-24.40 20.36 1.47 7.22 17.60-25.40 21.67 1.74 8.03 -1.31
结实小
穗数(个)
FSN
E1 16.22-22.04 19.18 1.13 5.89 16.00-26.00 18.91 1.80 8.88 0.27
E2 16.43-22.30 19.22 1.23 6.40 15.18-24.16 18.90 1.85 9.18 0.32
E3 15.60-23.00 19.44 1.52 7.82 15.25-24.00 19.10 1.69 8.40 0.34
E4 15.00-24.00 20.46 1.72 8.41 15.20-25.20 19.48 2.07 10.11 0.98
E5 15.20-23.30 19.37 1.33 6.87 16.80-27.20 20.58 1.78 8.65 -1.21
E6 14.80-25.00 19.21 1.44 7.50 16.20-29.00 20.34 1.67 8.21 -1.13
穗粒数(个)
GNPS
E1 26.43-56.47 44.85 4.38 9.77 32.61-82.00 51.71 9.55 18.47 -6.86
E2 28.56-62.00 49.06 4.65 9.48 33.24-83.80 51.22 10.38 20.27 -2.16
E3 24.40-70.20 50.08 6.37 12.71 31.33-83.60 58.33 8.74 14.99 -8.26
E4 27.80-77.80 50.25 6.23 12.40 34.00-80.00 56.77 10.41 18.33 -6.52
E5 25.60-62.50 46.10 6.07 13.17 29.00-75.00 52.71 9.69 18.39 -6.61
E6 21.90-55.00 39.24 6.44 16.41 36.60-73.50 50.15 7.46 14.88 -10.91
千粒重 E1 17.97-31.53 23.13 3.95 13.95 25.90-48.72 33.44 5.62 16.81 -10.31
TKW (g) E2 13.90-32.72 24.09 4.07 16.89 26.41-49.89 35.56 6.23 17.51 -11.47
E3 12.30-30.90 21.68 4.15 14.47 23.40-42.60 32.02 6.05 18.89 -10.34
E4 23.49-31.78 22.16 4.27 14.16 24.87-43.78 34.30 5.99 17.46 -12.14
E5 20.12-33.26 22.81 4.39 19.25 24.29-48.91 32.39 5.67 17.51 -10.01
E6 19.78-34.71 22.38 4.43 19.79 23.30-52.51 35.91 5.93 17.48 -11.10
粒长 E1 5.92-8.18 7.32 0.47 6.47 6.73-8.85 7.55 0.39 5.11 -0.24
GL (mm) E2 5.92-8.18 6.89 0.51 7.36 6.21-7.89 7.06 0.40 5.69 -0.16
E3 5.76-7.20 6.37 0.29 4.63 6.02-7.90 6.67 0.35 5.22 -0.29
E4 5.73-8.10 6.41 0.39 6.01 6.15-7.69 6.74 0.37 5.55 -0.33
E5 5.70-7.27 6.40 0.35 5.43 5.83-7.61 6.50 0.34 5.16 -0.10
E6 5.71-7.63 6.45 0.36 5.57 5.80-7.57 6.50 0.33 5.05 -0.05
粒宽 E1 2.29-3.31 2.48 0.17 6.85 2.69-3.63 3.01 0.25 8.04 -0.63
GW (mm) E2 2.14-3.27 2.37 0.18 7.60 2.78-3.68 2.96 0.23 7.77 -0.59
E3 2.24-3.41 2.55 0.19 7.49 2.66-3.65 3.14 0.24 7.53 -0.59
E4 2.18-3.24 2.55 0.19 7.45 2.56-3.58 2.93 0.24 8.14 -0.38
E5 2.26-3.14 2.56 0.15 5.94 2.52-3.54 2.97 0.25 8.42 -0.41
E6 2.35-3.25 2.57 0.18 6.67 2.52-3.52 3.01 0.23 7.64 -0.44
粒长/粒宽 E1 1.98-2.88 2.41 0.15 6.22 1.85-2.46 2.11 0.14 6.65 0.30
GL/GW E2 1.91-2.68 2.28 0.13 5.56 1.88-2.62 2.14 0.14 6.72 0.14
E3 2.00-3.00 2.56 0.20 7.69 1.88-2.55 2.17 0.17 8.03 0.39
E4 2.05-3.00 2.56 0.17 6.59 1.99-2.70 2.37 0.17 7.15 0.19
E5 1.79-2.94 2.54 0.16 6.39 1.94-2.62 2.23 0.19 8.70 0.31
E6 1.87-2.88 2.45 0.20 8.21 1.79-2.67 2.18 0.20 9.15 0.27

Fig. 1

Phenotypic differences between wheat landraces and modern bred varieties in Xinjiang * and ** represent the significant differences at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively; ns: no significant difference."

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