花生荚果与种子相关性状QTL定位及与环境互作分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04216

Abstract

Abstract:

Pod and seed traits are important agronomy traits, which are closely related to yield in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). In the present study, to identify molecular markers closely linked to pod and seed traits, a RIL₈ population with 315 families was developed that derived from Jihua 5 with large pod and M130 with small pod of US germplasm. A genetic linkage map containing 363 polymorphic loci was constructed using SSR, AhTE, SRAP, and TRAP markers. All polymorphic loci were mapped on 21 linkage groups, which spanned 1360.38 cM with an average distance of 3.75 cM. Subsequently, a total of 97 QTLs for pod and seed traits were identified by ICIM method at five environments from 2017 to 2018, explaining the phenotypic variations of 2.36%-12.15%, and located on A02, A05, A08, A09, B02, B03, B04, B08, and B09 chromosomes. Among them, nine QTLs were detected for pod length, 13 QTLs for pod width, 14 QTLs for pod thickness, 11 QTLs for seed length, 13 QTLs for seed width, 13 QTLs for hundred-pod weight, 10 QTLs for hundred-seed weight. Four QTLs with major effect were detected, including qPWA08.1, qPTA08.3, qPTA08.4, and qSWB08.5, which explained the phenotypic variations of 10.02%-12.15%. Furthermore, 45 stable QTLs were repeatedly detected in more than three environments. QTL clusters were detected on A02, A08, B02, B04, and B08 chromosomes, respectively. In addition, 15 epistatic QTLs were identified that explaining phenotypic variation of 10.23%-51.84%. These results will provide an important theoretical basis for molecular marker-assisted breeding of pod and seed traits in peanut.

Key words: peanut, pod, seed, QTL, QTL×E

MENG Xin-Hao, ZHANG Jing-Nan, CUI Shun-Li, Charles Y. Chen, MU Guo-Jun, HOU Ming-Yu, YANG Xin-Lei, LIU Li-Feng. QTL mapping and QTL × Environment interaction analysis of pod and seed related traits in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(10): 1874-1890.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Table 1

Descriptive statistical results of the RILs and their parents"

性状 Trait	环境 Environment	亲本 Parents		RIL群体 RIL population
性状 Trait	环境 Environment	冀花5号 Jihua 5	M130	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值±标准误 Mean±SD	变异系数 CV	Shapiro-Wilk (w-test)	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis
荚果长	17QY	43.28±1.46^**	30.25±1.24	24.09	47.94	33.08±3.80	0.11	0.9592^***	0.75	0.72
PL (mm)	17DM	43.57±0.96^**	29.84±0.65	24.81	49.04	34.72±4.13	0.12	0.9606^***	0.69	0.52
	18QY	45.33±0.99^**	31.66±1.15	23.96	49.04	34.53±4.18	0.12	0.9685^***	0.58	0.20
	18DM	41.25±2.08^**	28.84±1.06	24.80	44.60	33.23±3.61	0.11	0.9685^***	0.46	-0.18
	18QA	43.59±1.03^**	30.18±1.17	23.35	46.95	33.01±3.79	0.11	0.9723^**	0.53	0.13
荚果宽	17QY	15.17±0.39^**	12.42±0.50	9.12	17.88	12.86±1.63	0.13	0.9649^***	0.54	0.24
PW (mm)	17DM	15.16±0.97^**	12.81±0.51	9.32	18.04	12.94±1.72	0.13	0.9597^***	0.47	0.13
	18QY	14.95±1.03^**	11.90±0.49	10.16	19.09	12.77±1.65	0.13	0.9327^***	0.91	0.74
	18DM	15.40±0.81^**	12.95±1.12	9.21	19.79	13.50±1.73	0.13	0.9668^***	0.61	0.25
	18QA	15.02±0.86^**	12.51±0.79	9.79	18.20	12.68±1.57	0.12	0.9347^***	0.87	0.53
荚果厚	17QY	15.33±0.54^**	12.98±0.43	8.51	17.17	12.30±1.66	0.13	0.9262^***	0.85	0.22
PT (mm)	17DM	15.53±0.90^**	13.2±0.38	8.78	18.79	12.41±1.72	0.14	0.9254^***	0.98	0.77
	18QY	15.28±0.65^**	13.19±0.59	9.65	19.50	13.21±1.64	0.12	0.9647^***	0.66	0.72
	18DM	15.39±0.85^**	12.77±0.71	9.16	17.73	13.46±1.58	0.12	0.982^*	0.04	-0.14
	18QA	15.23±0.95^**	12.86±0.35	9.32	19.65	12.98±1.62	0.12	0.9698^**	0.6	0.79
种子长	17QY	19.56±0.64^**	16.38±0.96	12.26	23.09	16.43±1.88	0.11	0.9691^**	0.54	0.24
SL (mm)	17DM	19.58±0.38^**	16.12±0.56	11.89	22.94	16.94±2.04	0.12	0.9728^**	0.38	-0.15
	18QY	20.32±0.79^**	17.30±0.79	13.34	23.33	17.17±1.95	0.11	0.9594 ^***	0.57	0.01
	18DM	18.79±1.75^**	15.47±0.91	12.98	22.44	16.46±1.66	0.10	0.9723^**	0.47	0.10
	18QA	18.18±0.69^**	16.03±0.81	13.06	22.03	16.63±1.65	0.10	0.9703^**	0.47	0.17
种子宽	17QY	9.89±0.24^**	8.67±0.63	5.89	11.02	8.29±0.89	0.11	0.9852^*	0.01	0.09
SW (mm)	17DM	9.78±0.53^**	8.39±0.22	6.33	11.19	8.37±0.80	0.10	0.9849^*	0.20	0.36
	18QY	10.42±0.74^**	8.91±0.62	7.14	10.91	8.82±0.65	0.07	0.9725^**	0.44	0.17
	18DM	9.37±0.78^**	8.43±0.54	6.89	11.32	8.70±0.67	0.08	0.9855^*	0.35	0.64
	18QA	9.49±0.40^*	8.57±0.89	6.39	10.93	8.32±0.68	0.08	0.9848^*	0.34	0.52
种子厚	17QY	10.29±0.32^**	9.46±0.45	6.00	10.04	7.78±0.76	0.10	0.9783^*	0.20	-0.22
ST (mm)	17DM	10.28±0.38^**	9.20±0.37	6.18	10.39	7.96±0.67	0.08	0.9763^*	0.51	0.82
	18QY	10.45±0.93^*	9.74±0.61	7.29	12.42	9.41±0.77	0.08	0.9899^*	0.09	0.40
	18DM	10.13±0.45^**	9.18±0.94	6.91	11.96	9.34±0.82	0.09	0.9853^*	-0.13	0.19
	18QA	9.83±0.36^*	9.07±0.65	6.95	11.99	9.33±0.90	0.10	0.9811^*	0.17	0.06
百果重	17QY	254.03±6.84^**	170.13±0.91	71.04	239.22	144.50±30.93	0.21	0.9812^*	0.19	-0.12
HPW (g)	17DM	247.18±2.30^**	164.64±3.78	79.86	245.97	157.07±33.15	0.21	0.9681^***	0.37	-0.23
	18QY	271.28±8.80^**	184.48±2.45	94.85	325.53	180.11±40.66	0.23	0.9678^***	0.54	0.19
	18DM	236.77±6.46^**	155.79±3.57	61.32	256.43	163.31±36.51	0.22	0.9825^*	0.05	-0.17
	18QA	233.38±1.89^**	159.70±5.95	78.28	296.87	159.77±34.14	0.21	0.9788^*	0.51	0.51
百仁重	17QY	105.22±2.17^**	70.04±0.69	27.73	91.24	56.08±11.05	0.20	0.9859^*	0.05	-0.11
HSW (g)	17DM	100.82±1.49^**	68.83±1.14	36.93	101.23	62.80±12.11	0.19	0.9719^**	0.42	0.07
	18QY	114.32±2.73^**	76.20±3.11	43.73	119.87	74.77±13.96	0.19	0.9775^*	0.34	-0.03
	18DM	96.12±2.48^**	63.88±1.06	30.07	106.51	67.38±13.71	0.20	0.9826^*	0.14	-0.21
	18QA	100.24±1.44^**	63.90±1.65	37.21	108.20	63.25±13.05	0.21	0.9666 ^***	0.53	0.14

Table 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Correlation analysis of each trait in different environments"

环境 Environment	性状 Trait	荚果长 PL	荚果宽 PW	荚果厚 PT	种子长 SL	种子宽 SW	种子厚 ST	百果重 HPW
17QY	荚果宽PW	0.6536^***
	荚果厚PT	0.7286^***	0.9226^***
	种子长SL	0.8522^***	0.6346^***	0.7011^***
	种子宽SW	0.2752^***	0.5291^***	0.4692^***	0.5357^***
	种子厚ST	0.3724^***	0.4974^***	0.5333^***	0.5713^***	0.7453^***
	百果重HPW	0.6587^***	0.6515^***	0.6454^***	0.6549^***	0.5196^***	0.5614^***
	百仁重HSW	0.6242^***	0.6188^***	0.6282^***	0.6737^***	0.6041^***	0.5970^***	0.8280^***
17DM	荚果宽PW	0.6667^***
	荚果厚PT	0.7353^***	0.9087^***
	种子长SL	0.8430^***	0.6208^***	0.6751^***
	种子宽SW	0.2599^***	0.4804^***	0.3924^***	0.4370^***
	种子厚ST	0.3991^***	0.5326^***	0.6052^***	0.5025^***	0.6033^***
	百果重HPW	0.6214^***	0.6927^***	0.6884^***	0.6196^***	0.4634^***	0.5350^***
	百仁重HSW	0.6037^***	0.6143^***	0.6171^***	0.6326^***	0.5256^***	0.5961^***	0.8651^***
18QY	荚果宽PW	0.7442^***
	荚果厚PT	0.6400^***	0.9129^***
	种子长SL	0.8711^***	0.6054^***	0.4848^***
	种子宽SW	0.4281^***	0.6622^***	0.5653^***	0.4141^***
	种子厚ST	0.3921^***	0.5563^***	0.5647^***	0.4347^***	0.6530^***
	百果重HPW	0.6801^***	0.6522^***	0.5825^***	0.7041^***	0.5554^***	0.6193^***
	百仁重HSW	0.7373^***	0.7132^***	0.6362^***	0.7571^***	0.6475^***	0.6927^***	0.8726^***
18DM	荚果宽PW	0.6995^***
	荚果厚PT	0.6364^***	0.9102^***
	种子长SL	0.8786^***	0.6328^***	0.5997^***
	种子宽SW	0.4231^***	0.5523^***	0.5578^***	0.4899^***
	种子厚ST	0.3408^***	0.4766^***	0.5764^***	0.4895^***	0.6946^***
	百果重HPW	0.6586^***	0.6285^***	0.6474^***	0.6724^***	0.6040^***	0.6302^***
	百仁重HSW	0.6676^***	0.6262^***	0.6347^***	0.7130^***	0.6717^***	0.7052^***	0.8606^***
18QA	荚果宽PW	0.7231^***
	荚果厚PT	0.6760^***	0.9333^***
	种子长SL	0.8586^***	0.6254^***	0.5920^***
	种子宽SW	0.2765^***	0.4873^***	0.4558^***	0.3500^***
	种子厚ST	0.3117^***	0.4761^***	0.5240^***	0.4215^***	0.6740^***
	百果重HPW	0.5869^***	0.6571^***	0.6460^***	0.6029^***	0.4700^***	0.5189^***
	百仁重HSW	0.4829^***	0.5246^***	0.5032^***	0.5874^***	0.5972^***	0.6089^***	0.8070^***

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 4

QTL-mapping of pod and kernel related traits"

性状 Trait	位点 QTL	环境Environment	染色体 Chr.	位置 Position	范围 Range	标记区间 Marker interval	LOD	可解释的表型变异PVE (%)	加性效应 Additive	来源 Variety
荚果长	qPLA08.5	17QY	A08	19.317	1.395-24.581	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	3.0543	4.5412	1.0026	冀花5号Jihua 5
PL (mm)	qPLB04.2	18QY	B04	48.814	45.2-53.084	T3em5-340-me1em3-75	3.1524	4.4841	-1.052	M130
	qPLA02.2	18QY	A02	33	28.586-35.04	AHGS1163-AHGS1886	3.4276	4.1455	-1.009	M130
	qPLA08.2	18QY	A08	16.487	1.395-24.581	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	3.165	5.3035	1.142	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPLB04.1	18DM	B04	31.814	29.825-32.253	PMc348-GM1641	2.7216	2.4116	-0.7788	M130
	qPLA08.3	18DM	A08	17.43	1.395-24.581	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	3.6112	5.5059	1.1219	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPLA02.1	18QA	A02	31	28.586-35.04	AHGS1163-AHGS1886	3.1466	3.8886	-0.8444	M130
	qPLA08.4	18QA	A08	17.43	1.395-24.581	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	3.1664	6.2318	1.0698	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPLA08.1	18QA	A08	8.403	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	3.1246	3.7403	0.83	冀花5号Jihua 5
荚果宽	qPWA08.9	17QY	A08	27	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	3.0347	3.4027	0.3487	冀花5号Jihua 5
PW (mm)	qPWA08.1	17QY	A08	5.539	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	8.3529	10.0181	0.6021	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPWA09.1	17DM	A09	47.976	44.512-52.51	AHS1620-me4em15-230	3.4111	5.6928	-0.4961	M130
	qPWA08.5	17DM	A08	25	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	2.6823	2.4856	0.3265	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPWB08.1	17DM	B08	0	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	4.5802	4.1738	-0.426	M130
	qPWA08.2	17DM	A08	6.971	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	7.2488	8.0948	0.5908	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPWA08.6	18QY	A08	26	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	3.405	4.9727	0.3919	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPWA08.7	18DM	A08	27	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	5.1642	6.0632	0.4812	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPWB08.3	18DM	B08	1	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	4.8423	5.3595	-0.4547	M130
	qPWA08.3	18DM	A08	6.971	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	6.2926	7.5419	0.5384	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPWA08.8	18QA	A08	27	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	4.0778	5.4765	0.3976	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPWB08.2	18QA	B08	0	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	3.2573	3.7144	-0.3288	M130
	qPWA08.4	18QA	A08	7.687	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	5.0836	6.6321	0.439	冀花5号Jihua 5
荚果厚	qPTA08.6	17QY	A08	22.146	1.395-24.581	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	4.2717	6.0053	0.4499	冀花5号Jihua 5
PT (mm)	qPTA08.1	17QY	A08	6.255	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	3.8997	5.4416	0.4305	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPTA08.7	17DM	A08	25	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	4.683	5.2195	0.434	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPTB08.1	17DM	B08	0	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	3.5352	3.7738	-0.3716	M130
	qPTA08.2	17DM	A08	6.255	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	4.1823	5.3897	0.4421	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPTA08.5	18QY	A08	12	9.42-15.535	AhTE0658-TC6H03	3.3146	4.8431	0.3898	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPTA09.1	18DM	A09	46.976	44.512-52.51	AHS1620-me4em15-230	3.9877	5.5482	-0.4349	M130
	qPTA08.8	18DM	A08	27	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	3.8396	3.7738	0.3577	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPTA05.1	18DM	A05	25.186	20.904-39.785	me13em5-112-GM1577	2.5575	2.6714	-0.3018	M130
	qPTB08.3	18DM	B08	2	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	6.4241	6.1373	-0.4581	M130
	qPTA08.3	18DM	A08	7.688	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	11.0128	11.0554	0.6137	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPTA08.9	18QA	A08	27	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	3.3743	4.1636	0.3621	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qPTB08.2	18QA	B08	0	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	3.3221	3.5571	-0.3361	M130
	qPTA08.4	18QA	A08	7.688	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	9.437	12.1489	0.6205	冀花5号Jihua 5
种子长	qSLB04.3	17QY	B04	51.814	45.2-53.084	T3em5-340-me1em3-75	3.5098	4.5251	-0.4663	M130
SL (mm)	qSLA02.4	17QY	A02	34	28.586-35.04	AHGS1163-AHGS1886	4.5943	5.4414	-0.5079	M130
	qSLA02.2	17DM	A02	33	28.586-35.04	AHGS1163-AHGS1886	5.3238	7.4048	-0.6248	M130
	qSLB04.2	18QY	B04	49.814	45.2-53.084	T3em5-340-me1em3-75	4.3546	6.0388	-0.5601	M130
	qSLA02.3	18QY	A02	33	28.586-35.04	AHGS1163-AHGS1886	5.7194	6.4678	-0.5774	M130
	qSLA08.2	18QY	A08	18.373	1.395-24.581	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	4.392	6.4226	0.576	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qSLB02.1	18QY	B02	10	10-29.536	AHTE0398-CTW_NEW_38	2.5587	2.3638	-0.3495	M130
	qSLB04.1	18DM	B04	16.405	43.26-4.103	AHTE0001-AHM091	3.9425	5.5578	-0.43	M130
	qSLA08.1	18DM	A08	9.119	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	2.898	3.8087	0.3432	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qSLA02.1	18QA	A02	32	28.586-35.04	AHGS1163-AHGS1886	3.3469	3.8192	-0.3879	M130
	qSLA08.3	18QA	A08	18.373	1.395-24.581	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	4.1987	6.4454	0.5045	冀花5号Jihua 5
种子宽	qSWB08.1	17QY	B08	0	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	3.3062	5.0411	-0.197	M130
SW (mm)	qSWB08.2	17DM	B08	0	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	3.2831	3.6766	-0.1703	M130
	qSWA08.2	17DM	A08	26	15.535-26.911	TC6H03-AhTE0477	3.9168	4.8359	0.1949	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qSWA08.4	18QY	A08	27	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	2.7094	3.7658	0.1335	JH5
	qSWB08.4	18QY	B08	2	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	5.52	7.3282	-0.188	M130
	qSWB02.1	18QY	B02	12	10-29.536	AHTE0398-CTW_NEW_38	2.5171	3.4186	-0.1275	M130
	qSWA09.1	18DM	A09	23.976	23.052-24.982	RN27A10-AHTE0122	2.6959	3.1535	0.1305	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qSWA02.1	18DM	A02	30	28.586-35.04	AHGS1163-AHGS1886	3.4558	3.8727	0.1449	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qSWB08.5	18DM	B08	3	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	9.9761	11.9698	-0.2551	M130
	qSWA08.1	18DM	A08	12	9.42-15.535	AhTE0658-TC6H03	4.1572	4.7351	0.1598	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qSWA02.2	18QA	A02	32	28.586-35.04	AHGS1163-AHGS1886	3.2739	4.3875	0.1518	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qSWA08.3	18QA	A08	26	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	3.511	4.5457	0.1544	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qSWB08.3	18QA	B08	0	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	4.8277	5.6235	-0.1723	M130
	qSWB02.2	18QA	B02	13	10-29.536	AHTE0398-CTW_NEW_38	3.055	4.4285	-0.1526	M130
种子厚	qSTA09.1	17QY	A09	22.976	21.827-23.052	T1me13-75-RN27A10	2.9792	4.3897	0.1586	冀花5号Jihua 5
ST (mm)	qSTB08.1	17QY	B08	0	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	4.1523	5.9184	-0.1856	M130
	qSTB08.5	17DM	B08	1	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	3.511	5.2695	-0.1578	M130
	qSTA08.3	18QY	A08	19.317	1.395-24.581	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	4.3155	6.9533	0.2296	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qSTB08.2	18QY	B08	0	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	4.6686	4.8687	-0.1935	M130
	qSTA08.4	18QY	A08	21	15.535-26.911	TC6H03-AhTE0477	2.8698	3.8907	0.1716	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qSTA09.2	18DM	A09	24.976	23.052-24.982	RN27A10-AHTE0122	3.8787	4.14	0.1812	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qSTB08.3	18DM	B08	0	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	5.4215	5.8448	-0.2147	M130
	qSTB03.1	18DM	B03	59.043	27.96-64.668	GM1954-IPAHM103	2.8689	3.5976	0.1682	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qSTA08.1	18DM	A08	10	9.42-15.535	AhTE0658-TC6H03	6.5305	7.3459	0.24	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qSTA08.5	18QA	A08	29	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	5.1955	7.3853	0.2579	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qSTB08.4	18QA	B08	0	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	2.608	3.1638	-0.1697	M130
	qSTA08.2	18QA	A08	18	15.535-26.911	TC6H03-AhTE0477	3.5829	5.2767	0.2178	冀花5号Jihua 5
百果重	qHPWA08.8	17QY	A08	31	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	2.612	2.884	6.1294	J冀花5号ihua 5
HPW (g)	qHPWB08.3	17QY	B08	1	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	4.2913	4.8043	-7.9731	M130
	qHPWA08.1	17QY	A08	6.971	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	3.942	5.0068	8.1239	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qHPWB08.1	17DM	B08	0	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	5.4732	6.1589	-9.2979	M130
	qHPWA08.2	17DM	A08	6.971	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	3.361	4.5239	7.9317	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qHPWA08.5	18QY	A08	26	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	3.7742	5.4674	10.1994	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qHPWA09.1	18DM	A09	1.574	1.243-1.881	me10em6-244-T3me4-50	2.9275	4.4348	9.1722	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qHPWA08.6	18DM	A08	27	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	4.3701	4.589	9.3388	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qHPWB08.4	18DM	B08	1	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	6.3447	6.2963	-10.993	M130
	qHPWA08.3	18DM	A08	7.687	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	7.3085	7.9283	12.3093	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qHPWA08.7	18QA	A08	27	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	3.3108	4.3355	7.727	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qHPWB08.2	18QA	B08	0	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	3.1924	3.6078	-7.0792	M130
	qHPWA08.4	18QA	A08	8.403	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	6.215	7.9641	10.5143	冀花5号Jihua 5
百仁重	qHSWA09.2	17QY	A09	19.976	19.851-20.044	AHGS0362-AHS1950	2.7386	3.9653	2.281	冀花5号Jihua 5
HSW (g)	qHSWA08.6	17QY	A08	28	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	3.2048	4.984	2.5511	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qHSWA08.4	18QY	A08	26	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	6.1813	8.9514	4.4051	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qHSWB02.1	18QY	B02	10	10-29.536	AHTE0398-CTW_NEW_38	3.4265	4.1876	-3.0213	M130
	qHSWA08.5	18DM	A08	27	24.581-32.375	Ah4-4-TC9B08	3.116	4.3944	2.9937	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qHSWB08.1	18DM	B08	0	0-6.125	AHGS1286-TC20B05	4.3546	5.07	-3.2325	M130
	qHSWA08.1	18DM	A08	9.119	2.674-9.42	HBAUAh177-AhTE0658	4.7443	5.7178	3.4257	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qHSWA09.1	18QA	A09	1.574	1.243-1.881	me10em6-244-T3me4-50	2.6987	4.1254	3.2042	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qHSWA08.2	18QA	A08	18.373	1.395-24.581	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	2.6696	4.3569	3.306	冀花5号Jihua 5
	qHSWA08.3	18QA	A08	20	15.535-26.911	TC6H03-AhTE0477	4.2105	5.6344	3.7483	冀花5号Jihua 5

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Interaction effects of epistatic QTLs by environments for pod and seed related traits"

Chr.1	位置1 Position 1	性状 Trait	标记区间1 Marker interval 1	Chr.2	位置2 Position 2	标记区间2 Marker interval 2	LOD	LOD (AAbyE)	PVE	PVE (AAbyE)	Add1	Add2	AddbyAdd	AAbyE_01	AAbyE_02	AAbyE_03	AAbyE_04	AAbyE_05
A09	45.976	PL	AHS1620-me4em15-230	B07	0	TC1A08-TC9H09	7.0121	0.0728	1.9524	0.0197	-0.1218	0.0794	-0.5448	-0.0493	-0.0654	0.0668	0.0148	0.0331
A09	50.976	PL	AHS1620-me4em15-230	A06	35	me7em1-83-me8em16-92	7.8477	0.0188	2.2588	0.0066	0.0036	0.2423	-0.5959	0.0149	-0.0405	-0.0235	0.0533	-0.0043
A09	45.976	PL	AHS1620-me4em15-230	B03	31.236	GM1954-IPAHM103	10.0123	0.4698	2.6465	0.0887	-0.183	-0.3668	0.6229	-0.1048	0.1381	0.139	-0.1102	-0.0622
A02	0	PT	pPGSseq14F4-Ah3TC13E05	A05	5	me7em9-96-me13em5-112	8.6941	0.3066	2.3716	0.0727	-0.0142	-0.1429	-0.5926	-0.0159	-0.1916	0.0964	0.0257	0.0854
A02	60	PT	AHGS1886-AHGS1159	A03	10	RM17H09-me8em1-286	7.1732	0.1598	1.9488	0.0372	0.1981	0.0409	-0.5484	0.0342	0.011	-0.1155	-0.0432	0.1136
A02	45	PT	AHGS1886-AHGS1159	A06	36.412	TC7C06-AHTE0372	8.959	0.1938	2.44	0.0354	-0.2324	0.4976	-0.608	-0.0709	-0.0324	-0.069	0.11	0.0623
A08	6.111	PT	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	B03	2.834	AHBGSC1003E10-GM1996	10.1986	0.0214	2.8149	0.0074	0.5756	0.21	0.6596	0.0296	0.0139	0.0111	-0.0598	0.0053
A08	1.395	PT	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	A08	25	TC6H03-AhTE0477	5.4087	0.2251	1.4752	0.0536	0.4861	0.1886	-0.4783	-0.1029	0.175	-0.0222	-0.0274	-0.0225
A08	15.544	PT	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	B02	10	AHTE0398-CTW_NEW_38	6.5397	0.3284	1.6356	0.0709	0.7735	-0.5558	-0.4935	0.0526	-0.1013	-0.0825	-0.0451	0.1763
B08	0	SL	AHGS1286-TC20B05	B03	59.043	GM1954-IPAHM103	5.0287	0.5997	1.2864	0.1371	-0.0958	-0.1712	0.422	-0.1143	0.2612	-0.0654	-0.1314	0.05
B08	0	SL	AHGS1286-TC20B05	A08	25	TC6H03-AhTE0477	15.7588	0.1295	4.009	0.0244	-0.1851	0.4017	0.7983	0.106	0.0345	-0.072	-0.022	-0.0465
A03	35	HSW	AhTE0570-TC4G02	B03	6.453	AHGS1940a-AHGS1940b	9.1572	0.2059	2.4169	0.0351	-0.2737	-0.1534	-0.6022	0.0048	-0.1046	0.0963	-0.0615	0.065
A10	20	HSW	AhTE0586-AHGS1192	B02	25	AHTE0398-CTW_NEW_38	5.4877	0.1016	1.4894	0.0194	0.0107	-0.2795	-0.4755	0.0571	-0.0731	-0.0229	0.0769	-0.038

Table 7

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变异来源 Source of variation	自由度 DF	荚果长 PL (mm)	荚果宽 PW (mm)	荚果厚 PT (mm)	种子长 SL (mm)	种子宽 SW (mm)	种子厚 ST (mm)	百果重 HPW (g)	百仁重 HSW (g)
区组间Block/environment	5	2.05 ^ns	3.39 ^ns	5.87 ^ns	2.84 ^ns	3.23 ^ns	4.53 ^ns	29.36 ^ns	14.19 ^ns
基因型Genotype (G)	314	143.74^**	101.27^**	105.53^**	46.78^**	10.30^**	17.39^**	31.78^**	77.12^**
环境Environment (E)	4	502.85^**	310.54^**	915.58^**	112.56^**	154.97^**	2337.02^**	349.28^**	1898.64^**
基因型×环境G × E	1196	8.79^**	7.36^**	7.53^**	3.82^**	3.08^**	4.54^**	4.30^**	10.18^**
遗传变异系数GVC (%)	—	12.87	15.34	14.21	13.96	16.39	15.68	17.54	17.28
广义遗传力h²_B(%)	—	64.61	60.76	61.21	65.88	61.71	67.50	54.09	57.83

性状 Trait	位置 Position	标记区间 Marker interval	LOD	LOD(A)	LOD (AbyE)	可解释的遗传变异PVE	可解释的遗传变异PVE(A)	可解释的遗传变异PVE (AbyE)	加性效应 Add	AbyE_01	AbyE_02	AbyE_03	AbyE_04	AbyE_05
HPW	1.976	T3me4-50-me10em13-84	3.2854	3.162	0.1234	0.6316	0.6176	0.014	0.3661	-0.006	-0.0408	0.0953	0.016	-0.0645
SL	16.405	AHM091-AHTE0001	6.4625	6.2415	0.2211	1.1913	1.145	0.0462	-0.5154	0.1206	-0.1441	-0.0132	0.1118	-0.0751
PL	32.814	GM1641-Ah3TC39B04	7.7019	7.1093	0.5927	1.3629	1.2801	0.0828	-0.5506	0.1878	0.0587	-0.178	-0.1467	0.0782
SL	49.814	T3em5-340-me1em3-75	6.2931	5.6064	0.6866	1.2594	1.1008	0.1586	-0.4907	0.0103	-0.1087	-0.282	0.2596	0.1208
SL	33	AHGS1163-AHGS1886	10.3475	9.9861	0.3615	1.9775	1.9001	0.0773	-0.6416	0.027	0.0248	-0.1949	0.2023	-0.0592
ST	37.706	GM1954-seq2H08	3.4137	3.1998	0.2139	0.683	0.6243	0.0588	-0.3667	-0.011	-0.2127	0.0458	0.0907	0.0872

QTL mapping and QTL × Environment interaction analysis of pod and seed related traits in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

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性状 Trait	上位性QTL名称 Epi-QTL name	环境 Environment	染色体 Chr.	位置1 Position 1	标记区间1 Marker interval 1	上位性QTL名称 Epi-QTL name	染色体 Chr.	位置2 Position 2	标记区间2 Marker interval 2	LOD	可解释的遗传变异 PVE (%)
PL (mm)	Epi-qPLA09.1	18BD	A09	50.976	AHS1620-me4em15-230	Epi-qPLA05.1	A05	50	T2me4-75-seq18C2	5.09	10.23
PW (mm)	Epi-qPWB08.1	17BD	B08	5	AHGS1286-TC20B05	Epi-qPWA08.2	A08	25	TC6H03-AhTE0477	5.33	11.95
	Epi-qPWA08.1	18BD	A08	15.544	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	Epi-qPWA08.1	A08	20.26	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	5.54	42.46
PT (mm)	Epi-qPTB09.1	17BD	B09	5	T3me2-388-AHGS1576	Epi-qPTB09.1	B09	10	T3me2-388-AHGS1576	6.05	39.57
	Epi-qPTA02.3	17BD	A02	50	AHGS1886-AHGS1159	Epi-qPTA02.3	A02	55	AHGS1886-AHGS1159	5.05	40.63
	Epi-qPTA08.1	17BD	A08	10.827	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	Epi-qPTA08.1	A08	15.544	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	7.66	51.84
	Epi-qPTA03.1	17BD	A03	40	AhTE0570-TC4G02	Epi-qPTA03.1	A03	45	AhTE0570-TC4G02	6.42	37.16
	Epi-qPTA10.1	17BD	A10	20	AhTE0586-AHGS1192	Epi-qPTA10.1	A10	25	AHGS1192-seq3e10	6.56	38.94
	Epi-qPTA02.2	17DM	A02	45	AHGS1886-AHGS1159	Epi-qPTA02.2	A02	50	AHGS1886-AHGS1159	6.05	40.39
	Epi-qPTA08.2	17DM	A08	15.544	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	Epi-qPTA08.2	A08	20.26	me3em14-196-Ah4-4	5.01	39.62
	Epi-qPTA02.1	18QA	A02	10	pPGSseq14F4-Ah3TC13E05	Epi-qPTA02.1	A02	15	Ah3TC13E05-AHGS1463	5.37	26.30
SL (mm)	Epi-qSLB08.1	17BD	B08	0	AHGS1286-TC20B05	Epi-qSLA08.1	A08	25	TC6H03-AhTE0477	7.60	11.61
HPW (g)	Epi-qHPWB08.1	17BD	B08	5	AHGS1286-TC20B05	Epi-qHPWA08.1	A08	25	TC6H03-AhTE0477	8.05	17.75
	Epi-qHPWB08.2	18DM	B08	5	AHGS1286-TC20B05	Epi-qHPWA08.2	A08	25	TC6H03-AhTE0477	5.04	15.36
HSW (g)	Epi-qHSWB08.1	17BD	B08	5	AHGS1286-TC20B05	Epi-qHSWA08.1	A08	25	TC6H03-AhTE0477	7.30	13.99

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