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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 881-894.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.55050

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Response of nitrogen accumulation, yield, and quality characteristics of peanut varieties with different nodulation traits to nitrogen fertilizer application rate

Yu Tian-Yi1,2(), Wang Chun-Xiao3, Xiao Li4, Zhong Zhao-Di5, Wang Xuan-Cang6, Zhao Yong7, Lu Ya2, Wu Yue2,*(), Wu Zheng-Feng2,*()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management / Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
    2Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
    3Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, Shandong, China
    4Qingzhou Rural Revitalization Development Service Center, Weifang 262500, Shandong, China
    5Zhucheng Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Weifang 262200, Shandong, China
    6Turpan Agro-tech Extensions and Service Center, Turpan 838000, Xinjiang, China
    7Shandong Province Agricultural Exchange and Cooperation Center, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-07-27 Accepted:2025-11-18 Online:2026-03-12 Published:2025-12-09
  • Contact: *吴月, E-mail: wuyuesw@163.com;吴正锋, E-mail: wzf326@126.com E-mail:tianyi_1984@126.com;wuyuesw@163.com;wzf326@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Innovation Project(CXGC2025A08);Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Innovation Project(CXGC2025G13);Qingdao Science and Technology Benefiting the People Demonstration Project(25-1-5-xdny-21-nsh);Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2023TZXD007);Scientific Research Fund of Shandong University of Aeronautics(2022Y6);Qingdao Natural Science Foundation’s Original Exploration Project(24-4-4-zrjj-146-jch);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301451);First Batch of “Tianshan Talents” Training Program’s “Agriculture, Rural Areas and Farmers” Backbone Talent Training Project in Xinjiang in 2023—Demonstration and Promotion Research on High-yield and Efficient Peanut Cultivation Techniques in Turpan(2022SNGGNT036);“Small Group” Team of the Peanut Research Institute Aiding Xinjiang

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Abstract:

Reducing nitrogen (N) application is an effective strategy for enhancing N use efficiency and promoting the N-fixing capacity of peanut root nodules. Given the considerable variation in nodulation traits among peanut cultivars, this study aimed to compare N absorption and utilization between common nodulating variety (CNV) and non-nodulating variety (NNV). A two-year field experiment was conducted across three locations in Shandong, China, to evaluate the responses of CNV and NNV to N fertilizer application rates of 120, 60, and 0 kg hm-2, focusing on N accumulation, N use efficiency, yield, and quality. The results showed that reduced N fertilization significantly decreased N content, N accumulation, yield, and kernel protein content in NNV. Compared with the N120 treatment, the N60 treatment resulted in average reductions of 18.98% in whole-plant N accumulation, 17.30% in yield, and 10.69% in kernel protein content, while the N0 treatment caused average reductions of 25.13%, 13.97%, and 11.40%, respectively. In contrast, CNV maintained relatively stable N accumulation, yield, and kernel protein content across all N levels. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between N accumulation in various plant organs and both yield and kernel protein content in NNV, whereas no such correlations were observed in CNV. These findings demonstrate that NNV is more sensitive to N fertilizer in terms of yield, quality, and N accumulation than CNV. Therefore, appropriately reducing N fertilizer input in peanut cultivation may enhance the utilization of biological N fixation by root nodules, thereby improving overall N use efficiency.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, non-nodulated peanut variety, nitrogen accumulation, yield, kernel quality

Table 1

Basic physicochemical properties of soil at different experimental sites"

年份
Years		 地点
Sites		 pH 有机质
Organic matter (g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Alkali-
hydrolyzale nitrogen
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available
phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾Available
potassium
(mg kg-1)		 交换性钙
Exchangeable calcium
(cmol kg-1)
2019 望城Wangcheng 5.90 9.72 64.10 36.60 72.40 6.90
任城Rencheng 6.70 14.60 85.56 40.50 98.20 10.40
茌平Chiping 8.40 15.90 87.28 46.40 239.00 52.50
2020 望城Wangcheng 6.70 10.40 82.20 20.00 114.00 12.20
任城Rencheng 6.80 15.60 95.60 37.30 124.00 13.80
茌平Chiping 8.40 18.10 103.00 9.65 266.00 78.40

Table 2

Significance analysis of yield and its components under different nitrogen application rates in various varieties"

年份
Year		 地点
Site		 处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 单位面积株数
Number of plants per unit area
(×104 hm-2)		 单株果数
Pod number per plant		 千克果数
Pod number per kilogram
2019 望城Wangcheng V ** ns ** **
N ns ns ns *
V×N ns ns ns *
任城Rencheng V ** ns ** **
N ns ns ns ns
V×N ns ns ns ns
茌平Chiping V ** ns ** **
N ns ns ns ns
V×N ns ns ns ns
2020 望城Wangcheng V ** ns ** **
N ns ns ns ns
V×N ns ns ns ns
任城Rencheng V ns ns ** **
N ns ns ns ns
V×N ns ns ns ns
茌平Chiping V ** ns ** **
N ns ns ns ns
V×N ns ns ns ns
所有地点平均值
Average of all sites		 V ** ns ** **
N ns ns ns ns
V×N * ns ns ns

Table 3

Yield and yield components under different nitrogen application rates in various varieties"

年份
Year		 地点
Site		 品种
Variety		 氮肥用量
N rates
(kg hm-2)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 单位面积株数
Number of plants per unit area
(×104 hm-2)		 单株果数
Pod number per
plant		 千克果数
Pod number per
kilogram
2019 望城
Wangcheng		 CNV N120 5375.27±572.01 a 23.92±1.04 a 15.02±0.56 c 503.84±42.45 c
N60 5090.53±862.64 ab 22.88±1.85 ab 15.69±0.81 c 517.96±29.61 c
N0 5236.37±277.44 a 22.35±0.68 ab 15.33±1.29 c 511.60±35.79 c
NNV N120 4236.32±264.63 bc 21.96±2.18 ab 24.12±2.04 a 1204.23±20.03 b
望城
Wangcheng		 NNV N60 3736.30±122.08 c 20.20±0.59 b 21.33±1.75 b 1274.86±46.58 b
N0 3514.06±63.65 c 22.22±2.94 ab 21.04±2.07 b 1347.76±44.30 a
任城
Rencheng		 CNV N120 5490.81±837.34 a 24.26±1.29 a 16.58±1.27 b 511.76±41.9 b
N60 5861.37±824.47 a 25.30±1.48 a 16.20±1.72 b 496.15±73.09 b
N0 5975.83±980.74 a 24.57±0.33 a 16.48±1.12 b 497.64±19.84 b
NNV N120 5067.55±300.47 ab 25.63±1.72 a 27.55±2.84 a 843.43±54.46 a
N60 3741.79±598.10 bc 23.04±3.83 a 24.72±2.81 a 874.81±75.67 a
N0 3522.75±693.18 c 23.56±4.73 a 24.03±2.76 a 889.15±7.40 a
茌平
Chiping		 CNV N120 4261.39±548.37 a 20.51±0.94 a 20.85±6.17 bc 664.69±88.60 b
N60 4039.06±501.78 a 19.84±2.54 a 22.38±2.61 abc 661.99±64.47 b
N0 4261.39±645.71 a 21.78±4.54 a 19.21±3.96 c 629.53±106.12 b
NNV N120 1963.94±256.73 b 23.17±1.38 a 29.50±3.68 a 1667.06±113.61 a
N60 1914.54±226.41 b 22.16±2.32 a 29.33±3.09 a 1607.33±51.41 a
N0 1986.21±319.32 b 22.34±2.33 a 28.12±2.73 ab 1619.50±140.96 a
2020 望城
Wangcheng		 CNV N120 4666.90±635.70 a 21.18±2.05 a 15.33±1.50 ab 620.56±9.30 b
N60 4346.62±486.07 a 20.50±1.95 a 14.00±0.83 b 685.89±11.04 b
N0 4052.49±804.15 a 19.78±2.84 a 14.61±3.54 b 657.21±65.60 b
NNV N120 2392.28±70.70 b 21.84±1.63 a 20.67±1.64 a 1116.12±26.67 a
N60 1578.51±49.02 c 18.83±3.54 a 17.39±4.58 ab 1191.03±132.32 a
N0 2091.61±266.95 bc 20.34±1.00 a 18.78±1.78 ab 1235.53±84.18 a
任城
Rencheng		 CNV N120 3797.78±131.22 a 21.07±3.40 a 14.61±1.06 c 623.46±82.18 b
N60 4357.08±420.46 a 20.87±2.99 a 14.44±1.11 c 614.79±56.04 b
N0 4013.53±583.45 a 20.72±2.69 a 13.72±1.99 c 621.53±77.86 b
NNV N120 4125.52±306.33 a 21.07±3.99 a 23.39±1.58 a 916.32±56.00 a
N60 3888.36±327.02 a 21.07±2.07 a 22.00±1.32 ab 894.77±48.03 a
N0 3995.41±407.10 a 22.80±2.62 a 20.67±0.87 b 914.46±74.92 a
茌平
Chiping		 CNV N120 5683.62±786.88 a 25.29±2.19 a 14.22±1.86 a 510.09±53.67 b
N60 6041.97±208.34 a 25.56±1.92 a 15.17±3.68 a 506.34±34.64 b
N0 5948.45±327.82 a 24.37±0.46 a 15.11±4.81 a 503.08±15.93 b
NNV N120 3878.71±372.73 b 25.63±2.05 a 20.11±3.38 a 1131.99±73.77 a
N60 3056.47±214.06 c 24.37±1.58 a 19.72±2.56 a 1226.70±108.20 a
N0 3527.95±477.29 bc 24.59±1.78 a 19.44±1.13 a 1165.42±139.87 a
所有地点
平均值
Average of
all sites		 CNV N120 4858.71±914.09 a 22.71±2.54 a 16.10±3.29 c 572.40±83.79 b
N60 5031.15±895.44 a 22.49±2.97 a 16.31±3.38 c 580.52±89.45 b
N0 4914.68±1027.33 a 22.26±2.75 a 15.75±3.18 c 570.10±86.74 b
NNV N120 3610.72±1139.38 b 23.22±2.70 a 24.22±4.15 a 1146.52±277.80 a
N60 2985.99±982.36 c 21.61±2.86 a 22.42±4.61 b 1178.25±264.50 a
N0 3106.33±870.41 c 22.64±2.72 a 22.01±3.70 b 1195.30±270.42 a

Fig. 1

Quality of peanut kernel under different nitrogen application rates in various varieties CNV: common nodulating variety; NNV: non-nodulating variety; V: variety; N: nitrogen; N0: no nitrogen applied; N60: nitrogen application of 60 kg hm-2; N120: nitrogen application of 120 kg hm-2. Different lowercase letters on the bars indicate significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05); ns: no significant difference; *: significant at P < 0.05; **: significant at P < 0.01; A-C: fat content, protein content and soluble sugar content of kernel at Wangcheng site; D-F: fat content, protein content and soluble sugar content of kernel at Rencheng site; G-I: fat content, protein content and soluble sugar content of kernel at Chiping site; J-L: average of fat content, protein content and soluble sugar content of kernel at the three experimental sites."

Fig. 2

N content of peanut plants under different nitrogen application rates in various varieties CNV: common nodulating variety; NNV: non-nodulating variety; V: variety; N: nitrogen application rate; N0: no nitrogen applied; N60: nitrogen application of 60 kg hm-2; N120: nitrogen application of 120 kg hm-2; ns: no significant difference; *: significant at P < 0.05; **: significant at P < 0.01; Different lowercase letters on the boxes indicate significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05); A-C: nitrogen content of shell, kernel and other parts of peanut plant at Wangcheng site; D-F: nitrogen content of shell, kernel and other parts of peanut plant at Rencheng site; G-I: nitrogen content of shell, kernel and other parts of peanut plant at Chiping site; J-L: average nitrogen content of peanut shells, kernels and other organs at the three test sites."

Fig. 3

N accumulation of peanut plant affected by N application rates in different varieties CNV: common nodulating variety; NNV: non-nodulating variety; V: variety; N: nitrogen; N0: no nitrogen applied; N60: nitrogen application of 60 kg hm-2; N120: nitrogen application of 120 kg hm-2; Different lowercase letters on the bars indicate significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05); A: nitrogen accumulation of different parts in peanut plant at Wangcheng site; B: nitrogen accumulation of different parts in peanut plant at Rencheng site; C: nitrogen accumulation of different parts in peanut plant at Chiping site; D: average nitrogen accumulation of different parts in peanut plant at the three experimental sites."

Fig. 4

N efficiency of peanut affected by N application rates in different varieties CNV: common nodulating variety; NNV: non-nodulating variety; V: variety; N: nitrogen; N0: no nitrogen applied; N60: nitrogen application of 60 kg hm-2; N120: nitrogen application of 120 kg hm-2; Different lowercase letters on the boxes indicate significant differences among treatmentss (P < 0.05); ns: no significant difference; *: significant at P < 0.05; **: significant at P < 0.01; A-D: nitrogen use efficiency at Wangcheng, Rencheng, Chiping and average nitrogen use efficiency at the three experimental sites; E-H: nitrogen partial fertilizer productivity at Wangcheng, Rencheng, Chiping and average nitrogen partial fertilizer productivity at the three experimental sites."

Fig. 5

Correlation analysis between pod yield and N accumulation of peanut plants A-D: correlations between nitrogen accumulation of shell, kernel, other parts, whole plant and pod yield in common variety at Wangcheng site; E-H: correlations between nitrogen accumulation of shell, kernel, other parts, whole plant and pod yield in common variety at Rencheng site; I-L: correlations between nitrogen accumulation of shell, kernel, other parts, whole plant and pod yield in common variety at Chiping site; M-P: correlations between nitrogen accumulation of shell, kernel, other parts, whole plant and pod yield in non-nodulating variety at Wangcheng site; Q-T: correlations between nitrogen accumulation of shell, kernel, other parts, whole plant and pod yield in non-nodulating variety at Rencheng site; U-X: correlations between nitrogen accumulation of shell, kernel, other parts, whole plant and pod yield in non-nodulating variety at Chiping site. *: correlation significant at P < 0.05; **: correlation significant at P < 0.01."

Fig. 6

Correlation analysis between protein content and N accumulation of peanut plants A-D: correlations between nitrogen accumulation of shell, kernel, other parts and whole plant and kernel protein content in common variety at Wangcheng site; E-H: correlations between nitrogen accumulation of shell, kernel, other parts and whole plant and kernel protein content in common variety at Rencheng site; I-L: correlations between nitrogen accumulation of shell, kernel, other parts and whole plant and kernel protein content in common variety at Chiping site; M-P: correlations between nitrogen accumulation of shell, kernel, other parts and whole plant and kernel protein content in non-nodulating variety at Wangcheng site; Q-T: correlations between nitrogen accumulation of shell, kernel, other parts and whole plant and kernel protein content in non-nodulating variety at Rencheng site; U-X: correlations between nitrogen accumulation of shell, kernel, other parts and whole plant and kernel protein content in non-nodulating variety at Chiping site. *: correlation significant at P < 0.05; **: correlation significant at P < 0.01."

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