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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 2258-2267.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.01081

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of applying potassium at different growth stages on dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat in different soil-texture fields

HU Xin-Hui1(), GU Shu-Bo1, ZHU Jun-Ke3, WANG Dong2,*()   

  1. 1Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    3Zibo Hefeng Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Linzi 255000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-10-21 Accepted:2021-03-19 Online:2021-11-12 Published:2021-04-07
  • Contact: WANG Dong E-mail:huxinhui173@163.com;wangd@nwafu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Key Innovation Project on Technology from Shandong Provincial Government(2019JZZY010716);Taishan Industry Leader Talent Project of Shandong

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Abstract:

To investigate the effects of potassium applying on the grain yield formation of winter wheat, the experiments were carried out on different soil textures with high-yield winter wheat variety Taimai 198. To analyze the effects of potassium application at different stages on winter wheat flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and grain yield under different soil texture conditions, two soil texture test fields [sandy loam (S) and silty loam (F)] and three treatments [no potassium fertilizer (K0), potassium fertilizer base application (100% applicating at sowing, K1), and split application (50% applicating at sowing stage + 50% topdressing at the jointing stage, K2)] was arranged. The results showed that the interaction of soil texture and potassium application significantly affected the grain number per spike and dry matter assimilated after anthesis and grain yield. Under the two soil texture conditions, potassium application significantly increased the grain yield of winter wheat, and K2 treatment had the highest yield. Compared with K1 treatment, the grains number per ear, the SPAD and net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves after anthesis, the accumulation of dry matter per stem after anthesis, and the transfer of assimilation to the grain after anthesis were increased under K2 treatment. Under sandy loam conditions, grain yield of K2 treatment was by 12.4% and 10.4% higher than that of K1 treatment, respectively. Under silt loam conditions, grain yield was by 5.2% and 5.4% higher than that of K1 treatment. Those results indicated that wheat yield was significantly increased by changing potassium fertilizer base application to 50% base application with 50% topdressing at jointing stage, and the wheat yield was higher in sandy loam field.

Key words: winter wheat, potassium application at different growth stages, soil fertility, dry matter, grain yield

Table 1

Percentage of soil particles in 0-200 cm soil layers of experimental plots"

土层
Soil layer (cm)		 粉壤土地块 Powder loam plot (%) 沙壤土地块 Sandy loam plot (%)
黏粒 Clay 沙粒 Sand 粉粒 Powder 黏粒 Clay 沙粒 Sand 粉粒 Powder
0-20 19.3 21.0 59.7 9.8 50.6 39.6
20-40 20.4 20.7 58.9 8.5 54.7 36.8
40-60 21.7 19.0 59.3 8.1 61.1 30.8
60-80 15.1 21.3 63.6 8.6 57.2 34.2
80-100 12.2 22.4 65.4 7.4 71.4 21.2
100-120 17.5 19.7 62.8 6.5 79.6 13.9
120-140 17.6 20.3 62.1 6.3 73.3 20.4
140-160 15.2 17.6 67.2 5.7 69.5 24.8
160-180 10.4 21.5 68.1 6.3 75.4 18.3
180-200 13.7 22.3 64.0 5.7 70.4 23.9

Table 2

Soil nutrient content in 0-20 cm soil layer of experimental plots before sowing"

年度
Year		 试验地
Experimental plot		 有机质
Organic matter
(%)		 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g kg‒1)		 碱解氮
Hydrolysable nitrogen
(mg kg‒1)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg kg‒1)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg kg‒1)
2018-2019 粉壤土Powder loam 1.02 1.91 84.14 30.38 118.91
沙壤土Sandy loam 0.94 1.79 78.82 22.85 97.06
2019-2020 粉壤土Powder loam 1.12 1.96 86.33 30.74 116.48
沙壤土Sandy loam 0.89 1.66 77.65 23.79 94.03

Fig. 1

Changes of dry matter accumulation in single stem of winter wheat S: sandy loam plot; F: powder loam plot; K0: no potassium fertilizer; K1: all potash fertilizer was applied as base manure; K2: 50% potash fertilizer was applied as base manure and additional potash fertilizer was applied at jointing stage; W: wintering stage; T: turning green stage; J: jointing stage; A: anthesis stage; M: maturity stage. The error bar is standard deviation. Different lowercase letters above the columns indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among treatments at the same growth stage."

Fig. 2

Relative content of chlorophyll in flag leaf of winter wheat after anthesis S: sandy loam plot; F: powder loam plot; K0: no potassium fertilizer; K1: all potash fertilizer was applied as base manure; K2: 50% potash fertilizer was applied as base manure and additional potash fertilizer was applied at jointing. The error bar is standard deviation. Different lowercase letters above columns indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among treatments at the same growth stage."

Fig. 3

Net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf after anthesis in winter wheat S: sandy loam plot; F: powder loam plot; K0: no potassium fertilizer; K1: all potash fertilizer was applied as base manure; K2: 50% potash fertilizer was applied as base manure and additional potash fertilizer was applied at jointing. The error bar is standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 among treatments at the same growth stage."

Fig. 4

Effects of different treatments on grain filling rate S: sandy loam plot; F: powder loam plot; K0: no potassium fertilizer; K1: all potash fertilizer was applied as base manure; K2: 50% potash fertilizer was applied as base manure and additional potash fertilizer was applied at jointing stage."

Table 3

Dry matter assimilation and dry matter redistribution of vegetative organs after anthesis under different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 开花前营养器官贮存干物质
Dry matter in vegetable organs at anthesis		 花后同化干物质
Dry matter assimilated after anthesis
向籽粒转运量
Translocation amount
(kg hm‒2)		 对籽粒贡献率
Contribution to grain
(%)		 输入籽粒量
Allocation to grain
(kg hm‒2)		 对籽粒贡献率
Contribution to grain
(%)
2018-2019 SK0 1573.5 d 20.0 b 6277.9 d 80.0 ab
SK1 2007.4 b 22.8 a 6798.9 c 77.2 b
SK2 1710.9 c 17.2 c 8260.7 a 82.8 a
FK0 1694.1 c 19.2 b 7143.2 c 80.8 a
FK1 2216.7 a 22.7 a 7592.4 b 77.3 b
FK2 1758.4 c 17.1 c 8534.1 a 82.9 a
年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 开花前营养器官贮存干物质
Dry matter in vegetable organs at anthesis		 花后同化干物质
Dry matter assimilated after anthesis
向籽粒转运量
Translocation amount
(kg hm‒2)		 对籽粒贡献率
Contribution to grain
(%)		 输入籽粒量
Allocation to grain
(kg hm‒2)		 对籽粒贡献率
Contribution to grain
(%)
2019-2020 SK0 2867.5 d 34.2 bc 5521.9 d 65.8 bc
SK1 3312.3 b 35.6 ab 5991.0 c 64.4 c
SK2 3095.3 c 30.0 d 7237.9 a 70.0 a
FK0 3224.8 bc 36.5 a 5587.3 d 63.5 c
FK1 3557.7 a 36.9 a 6082.8 c 63.1 c
FK2 3372.5 b 32.7 c 6936 b 67.3 ab
土壤质地 Soil-texture (S) ** * * NS
施钾方式 Potassium application methods (P) ** ** ** **
土壤质地×施钾方式 S× P NS NS * NS

Table 4

Effects of different treatments on grain yield and yield components in winter wheat"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
Spike number
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grain number
per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)
2018-2019 SK0 642.0 b 32.5 e 40.5 b 6755.1 e
SK1 663.0 ab 34.6 d 42.2 ab 7538.4 d
SK2 665.0 ab 38.3 bc 43.2 a 8476.6 c
FK0 675.0 ab 36.9 c 42.7 ab 8334.3 c
FK1 684.0 a 39.0 b 43.1 a 8870.6 b
FK2 678.0 ab 41.4 a 43.2 a 9335.3 a
2019-2020 SK0 696.0 b 30.4 d 40.1 b 7541.8 e
SK1 721.0 ab 32.0 c 42.0 a 8116.6 d
SK2 731.0 ab 35.8 a 42.3 a 8962.5 b
FK0 738.0 ab 32.1 c 41.8 ab 8491.7 c
FK1 759.0 a 34.4 b 41.9 ab 9057.2 b
FK2 751.0 a 36.6 a 42.4 a 9547.6 a
土壤质地 Soil-texture (S) * ** NS **
施钾方式 Potassium application methods (P) NS ** NS **
土壤质地×施钾方式 S× P NS * NS *
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