滴施缩节胺与氮肥对棉花生长发育及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14026

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of DPC (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride) and nitrogen fertilizer on agronomic traits and clarify the interaction effect of DPC and nitrogen fertilizer through drip irrigation in cotton, we performed a two-factor randomized block design with three nitrogen levels (pure N, N1: 150 kg hm ^-2, N2: 300 kg hm ^-2, and N3: 450 kg hm ^-2) and three DPC levels (D1: 525 g hm ^-2, D2: 1050 g hm ^-2, and D3: 2100 g hm ^-2). These groups interacted with each other and formed nine treatments. The effects of different groups on agronomic traits, the spatial and temporal distribution of boll, the accumulation and distribution of dry matter, yield, and fiber quality were investigated in cotton. The results showed that the interaction between DPC and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant impact on the agronomic traits of cotton; The retarding effect of DPC on cotton growth was weakened or even disappeared under the low nitrogen condition. Under N1 treatment, compared to D1 treatment, plant height, initial node height of fruit branch, length of fourth, and seventh fruit branch of D3 treatment increased by 12.07, 1.54, 1.28, and 1.20 cm, respectively. Under normal or high nitrogen conditions, DPC had a certain retarded effect on cotton growth, but the control effect did not increase with the increasing DPC doses. Under N3 treatment, compared with D1 treatment, the plant height, first fruit branch length, and the average internode length of the second fruit of D3 treatment decreased by 1.05, 1.68, and 1.52 cm, respectively. Plant height, stem diameter, and fruit branch number of cottons increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Compared with N1 treatment, N3 treatment increased 3.30 cm, 0.75 mm and 0.29 sets, respectively. There were no significant differences in the length of fruit branch and internode among the different nitrogen application rates. The drip application of D2 treatment was beneficial for dry matter accumulation and translocation to reproductive organs. It promoted pre-ambient and ambient peaches growth, but there was not significant effect on cotton yield and fiber quality. The total dry matter accumulation was 13.14%-44.50% higher in N1 than that in other treatments. The percentage of reproductive organs increased by 2.05%-6.30% compared with N3 treatment. When applying 2100 g hm ^-2 DPC and 150 kg hm ^-2 nitrogen fertilizer with water drop, the cotton fiber quality, seed cotton yield, boll number per plant, and boll weight per plant were the highest; and the effect of yield increase was better. In conclusion, we recommended to apply 1050-2100 g hm ^-2DPC and 150 kg hm ^-2 nitrogen fertilizer with drip irrigation in the cotton area of northern Xinjiang.

Key words: cotton, DPC, nitrogen fertilizer, fruit branch length, dry matter, yield

ZHANG Te, WANG Mi-Feng, ZHAO Qiang. Effects of DPC and nitrogen fertilizer through drip irrigation on growth and yield in cotton[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(2): 396-409.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Effects of nitrogen and DPC treatments on main stem agronomic characters in cotton"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment		株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	主茎叶片数 No. of stem leaf	果枝台数 No. of fruit branch	果枝始节高 Height of the first branch (cm)
2018	D1	N1	68.10±6.13 a	10.35±1.19 ab	15.50±0.97 b	10.4±1.07 a	22.65±2.49 a
		N2	76.70±4.39 cd	10.90±0.79 bc	15.60±1.26 b	11.7±0.94 b	24.10±5.02 abc
		N3	80.10±3.81 d	11.48±1.09 c	16.90±1.12 c	11.9±1.28 b	22.84±2.44 ab
	D2	N1	69.70±8.15 ab	9.45±1.17 a	15.40±1.50 b	10.5±1.26 a	25.95±2.62 c
		N2	71.10±8.58 abc	10.14±1.17 ab	14.00±0.94 a	11.5±1.08 b	25.75±3.36 abc
		N3	75.80±7.16 bcd	10.85±0.22 bc	14.70±1.15 ab	11.6±0.84 b	26.95±2.16 c
	D3	N1	78.70±4.24 d	10.35±0.77 ab	15.50±0.84 b	12.4±1.17 b	23.23±4.04 abc
		N2	78.80±4.26 d	10.81±0.69 bc	14.50±0.97 ab	11.6±0.69 b	25.14±3.23 b
		N3	72.00±7.90 abc	11.05±1.02 bc	15.50±1.90 b	11.6±1.26 b	26.52±3.87 c
	D1		74.97±6.97 ab	10.70±0.89 a	15.16±1.36 a	11.33±1.26 a	22.51±3.59 a
	D2		72.20±8.15 a	10.56±1.21 a	14.70±1.31 a	11.20±1.15 a	25.55±2.99 b
	D3		76.50±6.41 b	11.43±1.20 b	16.00±1.25 b	12.10±1.21 b	25.26±3.72 b
	N1		72.16±7.77 a	10.41±1.24 a	15.93±1.63 b	11.33±1.66 a	24.26±3.74 a
	N2		75.53±6.74 a	10.97±0.86 ab	14.70±1.23 a	11.60±0.89 a	24.31±3.86 a
	N3		75.96±7.51 a	11.31±1.20 b	15.23±1.04 a	11.70±1.11 a	24.75±3.53 a
	D		3.546^*	6.267^**	8.653^**	6.198^**	7.422^**
	N		3.231^*	5.930^**	7.633^**	0.944	0.187
	D×N		6.306^**	2.325	0.950	7.336^**	2.510^*
2017	D1	N1	65.90±6.81 a	8.13±0.64 a	15.50±1.90 a	11.20±1.87 a	21.70±2.55 b
		N2	66.90±5.72 a	9.21±0.60 bcd	14.50±0.97 a	10.00±1.24 a	24.10±5.02 ab
		N3	67.00±6.59 a	8.48±0.86 ab	15.62±0.74 a	11.12±0.64 a	21.50±2.67 ab
	D2	N1	64.65±7.51 a	8.69±1.02 abc	15.40±1.50 a	11.10±1.37 a	25.95±2.16 ab
		N2	67.95±5.89 a	9.31±0.61 bcd	14.00±0.94 a	9.40±1.17 a	23.75±3.36 a
		N3	69.15±6.28 ab	9.53±0.97 cd	14.70±1.15 a	10.60±1.26 a	26.95±2.62 ab
	D3	N1	79.45±6.48 c	9.69±1.11 d	15.30±3.45 a	10.80±3.48 a	24.20±4.04 ab
		N2	66.38±5.79 a	9.39±0.62 cd	15.67±1.32 a	11.22±1.09 a	24.72±3.19 b
		N3	69.50±8.78 ab	9.57±0.99 cd	15.50±0.97 a	11.40±1.26 a	26.50±3.87 b
	D1		66.58±6.15 a	8.62±0.82 a	15.17±1.38 a	10.75±1.45 a	22.50±3.72 a
	D2		70.58±7.02 b	9.18±0.93 b	14.70±1.31 a	10.36±1.42 a	25.55±2.99 b
	D3		71.95±8.94 b	9.56±0.91 b	15.48±2.16 a	11.13±2.19 a	25.15±3.74 b
	N1		73.35±8.79 b	8.84±1.12 a	15.40±2.35 a	11.03±2.34 a	23.95±3.41 a
	N2		67.10±5.63 a	9.30±0.59 a	14.68±1.25 a	10.17±1.36 a	24.17±3.84 a
	N3		68.66±7.16 a	8.66±7.16 a	15.25±1.04 a	11.03±1.13 a	25.23±3.86 a
	D		4.542^*	8.661^**	1.705	1.527	7.007^**
	N		7.003^**	2.425	1.368	2.293	0.717
	D×N		2.946^*	2.198	0.880	1.035	2.189

Table 3

Fig. 1

Table 4

Effects of nitrogen and DPC treatments on the length of the first and second fruit node of the fruit branch in cotton (cm)"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment			第1果枝 The first fruit branch					第4果枝 The fourth fruit branch		第7果枝 The seventh fruit branch
年份 Year	处理 Treatment			第1果节间长 Length of first fruit node		第2果节间长 Length of second fruit node			第1果节间长 Length of first fruit node	第2果节间长 Length of second fruit node	第1果节间长 Length of first fruit node	第2果节间长 Length of second fruit node
2018	D1	N1		9.50±2.39 a		2.00±0.54 a			13.00±2.32 a	7.50±2.35 b	5.00±1.02 ab	3.50±0.24 ab
		N2		10.50±3.66 a		5.91±1.46 a			14.75±2.90 a	5.62±1.88 ab	5.80±3.56 ab	4.40±2.38 bc
		N3		9.62±3.30 a		5.37±3.90 a			10.66±5.25 a	9.00±5.29 b	5.16±0.28 ab	2.83±0.57 ab
	D2	N1		8.83±1.15 a		2.66±0.28 a			9.16±3.17 a	7.33±3.75 ab	5.00±0.77 ab	3.50±0.81 ab
		N2		8.68±3.61 a		6.25±2.26 a			11.37±3.54 a	5.00±1.82 ab	3.83±1.44 a	3.16±2.02 ab
		N3		10.41±2.20 a		6.33±4.93 a			12.08±4.74 a	4.33±2.20 a	2.50±0.72 a	3.00±1.21 ab
	D3	N1		9.67±0.57 a		4.50±0.58 a			11.16±0.28 a	5.50±1.40 ab	4.33±2.30 ab	3.00±1.04 ab
		N2		8.50±2.19 a		6.35±3.71 a			12.70±4.38 a	3.60±1.19 a	4.50±1.57 ab	6.00±2.57 c
		N3		9.50±1.50 a		4.50±1.50 a			12.50±1.50 a	3.50±0.50 a	8.00±2.54 b	1.00±0.11 a
	D1			10.00±2.92 a		4.84±2.71 a			13.00±3.48 a	7.20±3.10 b	5.40±2.28 a	3.72±1.67 a
	D2			9.32±2.84 a		5.64±3.44 a			11.19±3.95 a	5.23±2.59 ab	3.77±1.30 a	3.22±1.03 a
2018	D3				9.00±1.77 a		5.53±2.86 a	12.22±2.93 a		4.09±1.20 a	5.61±2.13 a	3.33±2.17 a
	N1				9.33±0.75 a		3.11±1.24 a	11.11±2.30 a		6.77±2.10 a	4.77±1.20 a	3.33±0.25 ab
	N2				9.14±3.18 a		6.19±2.55 b	12.92±3.68 a		4.65±1.73 a	4.90±2.50 a	4.50±2.07 b
	N3				9.96±2.30 a		5.61±3.86 b	11.83±4.02 a		5.29±3.53 a	5.22±2.38 a	2.27±1.00 a
	D				0.385		2.454	0.419		1.812	2.308	0.152
	N				0.183		3.746^*	0.443		0.665	0.453	10.119^**
	D×N				1.123		0.581	0.150		1.451	2.762	7.561^**
2017	D1		N1		6.37±2.49 a		4.50±2.38 b	4.83±2.84 ab		3.16±0.28 ab	3.16±1.04 ab	3.13±0.80 a
			N2		6.25±2.22 a		2.75±0.82 ab	4.45±1.52 ab		2.38±0.78 a	3.00±0.50 a	2.25±0.35 a
			N3		6.00±1.22 a		3.50±1.32 ab	3.30±0.26 a		3.00±1.00 ab	4.83±0.28 bc	3.33±1.15 a
	D2		N1		8.75±1.76 a		3.75±0.35 ab	6.20±2.81 b		3.75±1.72 ab	4.50±0.70 bc	3.12±1.03 a
			N2		5.62±2.21 a		3.12±0.62 ab	5.41±1.80 ab		2.75±1.29 ab	3.66±1.04 ab	3.00±1.32 a
			N3		5.87±2.83 a		2.00±0.54 a	5.06±1.32 ab		2.92±0.83 ab	2.66±0.57 a	3.00±1.00 a
	D3		N1		6.58±2.10 a		3.41±1.80 ab	6.33±2.54 b		4.50±1.54 b	4.66±0.57 bc	3.83±1.25 a
			N2		5.20±1.82 a		2.70±0.75 ab	5.33±1.77 ab		3.75±2.04 ab	5.73±1.07 c	2.16±0.28 a
			N3		6.33±3.05 a		2.33±1.44 a	6.35±1.67 b		2.42±0.98 a	2.66±0.57 a	4.16±2.02 a
	D1				6.23±1.95 a		3.29±1.49 a	4.31±1.65 a		2.66±0.79 a	3.66±1.06 a	2.98±0.89 a
	D2				6.31±2.37 a		2.80±0.82 a	5.51±1.95 ab		3.13±1.31 a	3.70±1.05 a	3.05±0.98 a
	D3				6.03±2.14 a		2.92±1.39 a	6.02±1.96 b		3.50±1.71 a	4.35±1.58 a	3.38±1.51 a
	N1				6.80±2.10 a		3.83±1.81 b	5.98±2.57 a		3.93±1.48 b	4.15±0.97 a	3.34±0.98 a
	N2				5.79±2.03 a		2.81±0.74 a	4.93±1.65 a		2.88±1.43 a	4.13±1.46 a	2.50±0.84 a
	N3				6.05±2.19 a		2.55±1.14 a	5.27±1.70 a		2.73±0.90 a	3.38±1.26 a	3.50±1.36 a
	D				0.788		0.914	3.664^*		0.477	2.060	0.362
	N				0.836		3.297	0.436		0.383	2.116	1.854
	D×N				1.440		0.164	0.441		0.710	6.284^**	0.573

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Fig. 2

Table 7

Effects of nitrogen and DPC treatments on yield and yield components in cotton"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment		收获株数 Harvest plant of land (×10⁴ plant hm^-2)	单株结铃数 Boll number per plant	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg hm^-2)	皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg hm^-2)
2018	D1	N1	17.98 a	5.51 ab	5.42 a	38.94 a	5341.50 a	2082.82 a
		N2	20.68 a	5.38 ab	5.58 a	39.98 ab	6262.42 a	2503.12 a
		N3	18.85 a	5.49 ab	5.48 a	39.99 ab	5667.97 a	2260.91 a
	D2	N1	20.49 a	5.13 a	5.75 a	39.93 ab	5966.88 a	2383.76 a
		N2	20.49 a	5.25 ab	5.59 a	40.01 ab	5977.68 a	2401.98 a
		N3	20.01 a	4.92 a	5.77 a	40.35 ab	5556.93 a	2243.58 a
	D3	N1	16.50 a	6.46 bc	5.72 a	41.07 b	6074.88 a	2495.81 a
		N2	18.07 a	5.96 ab	5.71 a	39.91 ab	6181.65 a	2468.81 a
		N3	16.09 a	6.99 c	5.38 a	40.36 ab	6269.28 a	2529.67 a
2018	D1		19.17 b	5.46 a	5.49 a	39.63 a	5757.29 a	2282.28 a
	D2		20.33 b	5.10 a	5.70 a	40.09 a	5833.83 a	2343.10 a
	D3		16.88 a	6.47 b	5.60 a	40.44 a	6175.27 a	2498.09 a
	N1		18.32 a	5.70 a	5.63 a	39.98 a	5794.42 a	2320.79 a
	N2		19.74 a	5.53 a	5.62 a	39.96 a	6140.58 a	2457.97 a
	N3		18.31 a	5.80 a	5.54 a	40.23 a	5831.39 a	2344.72 a
	D		4.24	11.80^**	0.40	2.09	0.37	0.58
	N		0.91	0.44	0.005	0.25	0.43	0.37
	D×N		0.26	0.93	0.12	1.45	0.25	0.33
2017	D1	N1	14.71 a	8.07 b	4.98 abc	43.64 a	5533.08 abc	2413.38 abc
		N2	16.03 a	7.18 ab	4.95 abc	43.54 a	5716.70 bc	2490.64 abc
		N3	14.63 a	7.64 ab	4.85 ab	43.49 a	5413.91 abc	2355.77 abc
	D2	N1	15.09 a	7.80 ab	5.04 bc	42.70 a	5916.87 bc	2526.50 bc
		N2	15.41 a	7.16 ab	4.91 abc	43.45 a	5330.52 ab	2315.60 ab
		N3	16.90 a	6.33 a	4.62 a	43.51 a	4894.31 a	2130.53 a
	D3	N1	14.37 a	8.43 b	5.11 c	43.68 a	6171.38 c	2696.66 c
		N2	15.64 a	7.39 ab	4.92 abc	42.97 a	5640.65 abc	2426.84 abc
		N3	16.76 a	7.03 ab	4.67 ab	42.98 a	5500.64 abc	2363.34 abc
	D1		15.12 a	7.63 a	4.92 a	43.55 a	5554.56 a	2419.93 a
	D2		15.80 a	7.09 a	4.85 a	43.22 a	5380.56 a	2324.21 a
	D3		15.59 a	7.61 a	4.90 a	43.21 a	5770.89 a	2495.61 a
	N1		14.72 a	8.10 b	5.04 b	43.34 a	5873.77 b	2545.51 b
	N2		15.69 a	7.24 a	4.92 b	43.32 a	5562.62 ab	2411.02 ab
	N3		16.09 a	7.00 a	4.71 a	43.32 a	5269.62 a	2283.21 a
	D		0.40	1.39	0.33	0.27	2.15	1.83
	N		1.67	5.04^*	6.82^**	0.01	5.14^*	4.26^*
	D×N		0.83	0.68	0.62	0.43	1.29	0.97

Table 7

Table 8

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处理 Treatment	剂量 Dose				总量 Total
处理 Treatment	6月10日Jun. 10	6月18日Jun. 18	6月30日Jun. 30	7月10日Jul. 10	总量 Total
D1	60	120	120	225	525
D2	120	240	240	450	1050
D3	240	480	480	900	2100

处理 Treatment	剂量 Dose								总量 Total
处理 Treatment	6月10日Jun. 10	6月18日Jun. 18	6月30日Jun. 30	7月10日Jul. 10	7月21日Jul. 21	8月1日Aug. 1	8月9日Aug. 9	8月26日Aug. 26	总量 Total
N1	7.5	22.5	22.5	22.5	22.5	22.5	22.5	7.5	150
N2	15.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	45.0	15.0	300
N3	22.5	67.5	67.5	67.5	67.5	67.5	67.5	22.5	450

处理 Treatment		2018			2017
处理 Treatment		伏前桃 Pre-summer bolls	伏桃 Summer bolls	秋桃 Autumn bolls	伏前桃 Pre-summer bolls	伏桃 Summer bolls	秋桃 Autumn bolls
D1	N1	35.18	56.09	8.73	47.45	45.64	6.91
	N2	36.19	58.93	4.88	43.64	45.45	10.91
	N3	39.91	48.40	11.69	49.54	41.20	9.26
D2	N1	25.70	65.49	8.80	58.05	39.57	2.38
	N2	29.89	63.81	6.30	50.00	45.24	4.76
	N3	30.15	60.31	9.54	58.33	35.90	5.77
D3	N1	26.20	64.52	9.27	51.72	43.43	4.84
	N2	28.90	61.69	9.40	53.33	43.89	2.78
	N3	38.76	51.30	9.94	38.68	54.72	6.60
D1		37.09	54.48	8.43	46.88	44.10	9.03
D2		28.58	63.21	8.21	55.46	40.24	4.30
D3		31.29	58.84	9.87	47.91	47.35	4.74
N1		29.03	62.04	8.94	52.41	42.88	4.71
N2		31.66	61.15	7.20	48.99	44.86	6.15
N3		36.27	53.34	10.39	48.85	43.94	7.21

处理 Treatment		2018		2017
处理 Treatment		内围铃 Boll closer to steam	外围铃 Boll from to steam	内围铃 Boll closer to steam	外围铃 Boll from to steam
D1	N1	90.00	10.00	81.71	18.29
	N2	88.29	11.71	77.90	22.10
	N3	82.40	17.60	76.05	23.95
D2	N1	85.85	14.15	76.49	23.51
	N2	84.48	15.52	73.90	26.10
	N3	79.03	20.97	78.18	21.82
D3	N1	80.18	19.82	78.61	21.39
	N2	77.52	22.48	73.67	26.33
	N3	87.10	12.90	75.65	24.35
D1		86.90	13.10	78.55	21.45
D2		83.12	16.88	76.19	23.81
D3		81.60	18.40	75.98	24.02
N1		85.34	14.66	78.94	21.06
N2		83.43	16.57	75.16	24.84
N3		82.84	17.16	76.63	23.37

年份 Year	处理 Treatment		纤维长度 Fiber length (mm)	断裂比强度 Specific strength	长度整齐度 Fiber uniformity (%)	纺织一致性 Textile consistency	成熟度 Maturity index	马克隆值 MIC
2018	D1	N1	28.97 a	31.63 a	84.30 a	136.33 a	0.86 a	4.97 a
		N2	30.60 b	31.50 a	86.73 b	151.00 b	0.85 a	4.80 a
		N3	29.43 ab	31.63 a	85.50 ab	143.33 ab	0.86 a	4.87 a
	D2	N1	30.03 ab	32.43 a	85.93 ab	147.67 b	0.86 a	4.96 a
		N2	29.77 ab	31.73 a	84.73 a	141.00 ab	0.85 a	4.89 a
		N3	29.77 ab	32.10 a	85.53 ab	145.00 ab	0.86 a	4.89 a
	D3	N1	30.37 ab	32.00 a	86.50 b	150.00 b	0.86 a	4.91 a
		N2	30.33 ab	31.47 a	85.83 ab	147.00 b	0.85 a	4.75 a
		N3	29.80 ab	31.60 a	85.47 ab	143.33 ab	0.86 a	4.93 a
	D1		29.60 a	31.58 a	85.51 a	143.55 a	0.85 a	4.88 a
	D2		29.85 a	32.08 a	85.39 a	144.55 a	0.85 a	4.91 a
	D3		30.16 a	31.69 a	85.93 a	146.77 a	0.85 a	4.86 a
	N1		29.79 a	32.02 a	85.57 a	144.66 a	0.86 a	4.94 b
	N2		30.23 a	31.56 a	85.76 a	146.33 a	0.85 a	4.81 a
	N3		29.66 a	31.77 a	85.50 a	143.88 a	0.86 a	4.89 ab
2017	D1	N1	29.00 a	29.70 a	84.07 a	129.33 a	0.88 b	5.06 bc
		N2	28.62 a	29.97 a	84.17 a	129.33 a	0.88 ab	5.08 c
		N3	28.85 a	29.23 a	84.57 a	130.67 a	0.88 ab	4.94 abc
	D2	N1	28.90 a	29.10 a	84.33 a	130.00 a	0.88 ab	4.89 abc
		N2	28.67 a	30.00 a	83.40 a	128.67 a	0.87 a	4.81 ab
		N3	28.45 a	29.53 a	83.03 a	125.33 a	0.88 ab	4.84 abc
	D3	N1	29.41 a	29.90 a	85.13 a	138.00 a	0.87 a	4.72 a
		N2	29.05 a	29.43 a	83.67 a	127.33 a	0.88 ab	5.01 bc
		N3	27.93 a	28.13 a	83.43 a	121.67 a	0.88 ab	4.85 abc
	D1		28.82 a	29.63 a	84.27 a	129.77 a	0.88 a	5.02 a
	D2		28.67 a	29.54 a	83.58 a	128.00 a	0.87 a	4.84 a
	D3		28.79 a	29.15 a	84.07 a	129.00 a	0.87 a	4.86 a
	N1		29.10 a	29.56 a	84.51 a	132.44 a	0.87 a	4.89 a
	N2		28.78 a	29.80 a	83.74 a	128.44 a	0.87 a	4.96 a
	N3		28.41 a	28.96 a	83.67 a	125.89 a	0.88 a	4.87 a

Effects of DPC and nitrogen fertilizer through drip irrigation on growth and yield in cotton

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