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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 286-294.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.11118

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles    

Effects of shading postanthesis on flag leaf chlorophyll content, leaf microstructure and yield of different wheat varieties

LI Xiu(), LI Liu-Long, LI Mu-Rong, YIN Li-Jun, WANG Xiao-Yan()   

  1. Agricultural College of Yangtze University / Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry / Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
  • Received:2021-12-31 Accepted:2022-05-05 Online:2023-01-12 Published:2022-05-16
  • Contact: WANG Xiao-Yan E-mail:m13797324054@163.com;wamail_wang@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871578);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300107);Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization

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Abstract:

Low light from flowering to maturity is one of the environmental stresses in wheat production. In this study, four commercial varieties, Zhengmai 9023, Xiangmai 55, Yangmai 158, and Fumai 1228 from Jianghan Plain, were used to investigate the influence of low light on wheat yield and the mechanisms of plants’ adaptation to low light. Shading (AS) treatments were started from flowering till maturity with normal light treatment as the control (CK). Traits monitored from flowering to maturity included chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll a/b and leaf microstructure in flag leaves, and low-light tolerance indicators of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, dry matter, and yield. Results showed that compared with controls, shading postanthesis resulted in increasing SPAD value of flag leaf, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents, decreased palisade tissue thickness of spongy tissue, tightness of leaf tissue structure, dry matter accumulation, and grain yield of all varieties. Varieties revealed different responses to low light treatment with the morphology and distribution of mesophyll cells of the flag leaf of Xiangmai 55 and Yangmai 158 being less affected than Zhengmai 9023 and Fumai 1228. Compared with Zhengmai 9023 and Fumai 1228, the SPAD value, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b contents, and superoxide dismutase activity of flag leaves of Xiangmai 55 and Yangmai 158 increased significantly, while the chlorophyll a/b decreased significantly. Shading treatment caused yield reductions were much less in Xiangmai 55 (29%) and Yangmai 158 (34%) than Zhengmai 9023 (38%) and Fumai 1228 (47%), indicating that Xiangmai 55 and Yangmai 158 were capable of maintaining high productivity resulted in a high level of adaptability to low-light environments. The ability to maintain a higher physiological activity of flag leaf was the major physiological mechnism for higher productivity of wheat under insufficient light conditions.

Key words: wheat, shading postanthesis, leaf microstructure, yield

Table 1

Corresponding time of key phenological periods of different wheat varieties"

年度
Year		 品种
Variety		 播种日期
Sowing date		 开花日期
Anthesis date		 成熟日期
Maturity date		 遮光时期
Shading period
2018-2019 ZM 9023 2018/10/31 2019/4/14 2019/5/19 2019/4/12-2019/5/20
FM 1228 2019/4/14 2019/5/19
YM 158 2019/4/12 2019/5/19
XM 55 2019/4/12 2019/5/21
2020-2021 ZM 9023 2020/10/28 2021/3/25 2021/5/13 2021/3/25-2021/5/15
FM 1228 2021/3/25 2021/5/13
YM 158 2021/3/25 2021/5/15
XM 55 2021/3/25 2021/5/15

Fig. 1

SPAD value of different wheat varieties under shading stress postanthesis Different lowercase letters mean significant difference among treatment at the 0.05 probability level. CK: normal light; AS: shading stress postanthesis. Abbreviations of variety name are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 2

Effects of shading stress postanthesis on photosynthetic pigment content and chlorophyll a/b in flag leaves of different wheat varieties"

品种
Variety		 处理时间
Duress time
(d)		 叶绿素a含量
Chlorophyll a content (mg g-1)		 叶绿素b含量
Chlorophyll b content (mg g-1)		 叶绿素a/b
Chlorophyll a/b
CK AS CK AS CK AS
ZM 9023 0 1.72±0.07 a 1.72±0.07 a 0.57±0.06 a 0.57±0.06 a 2.99±0.12 a 2.99±0.12 a
21 1.54±0.10 a 1.55±0.06 a 0.67±0.02 a 0.71±0.05 a 2.30±0.12 a 2.18±0.10 a
35 0.77±0.11 a 1.10±0.08 b 0.13±0.07 a 0.20±0.07 a 5.78±0.31 a 5.44±0.14 a
FM 1228 0 2.12±0.12 a 2.12±0.12 a 0.64±0.01 a 0.64±0.01 a 3.34±0.27 a 3.34±0.27 a
21 1.17±0.12 a 1.12±0.12 a 0.68±0.02 a 0.70±0.01 a 1.51±0.10 a 1.40±0.01 a
35 0.54±0.05 a 0.62±0.09 a 0.15±0.02 a 0.17±0.01 a 3.73±0.40 a 3.62±0.11 a
YM 158 0 2.10±0.08 a 2.10±0.08 a 0.69±0.02 a 0.69±0.02 a 3.05±0.41 a 3.05±0.41 a
21 1.60±0.09 a 1.81±0.07 b 0.75±0.01 a 0.97±0.01 b 2.01±0.11 a 1.76±0.03 b
35 0.62±0.13 a 1.20±0.13 b 0.14±0.06 a 0.30±0.04 b 4.49±0.39 a 3.95±0.13 b
XM 55 0 1.76±0.06 a 1.76±0.06 a 0.53±0.03 a 0.53±0.03 a 3.32±0.24 a 3.32±0.24 a
21 1.61±0.11 a 2.08±0.09 b 0.68±0.07 a 0.99±0.01 b 2.36±0.10 a 2.09±0.11 b
35 0.77±0.11 a 1.26±0.09 b 0.18±0.04 a 0.46±0.01 b 4.16±0.28 a 3.23±0.22 b

Table 3

Effects of shading stress postanthesis on SOD enzyme activity in different wheat varieties"

品种
Variety		 处理时间
Duress time (d)		 SOD活性 SOD activity (U g-1 FW min-1)
CK AS
ZM 9023 0 250.63±2.80 a 250.63±2.81 a
21 219.99±1.47 a 240.46±1.61 b
35 204.70±1.87 a 213.00±2.79 a
FM 1228 0 289.17±3.23 a 289.17±3.24 a
21 245.60±9.68 a 257.71±3.23 a
35 196.31±2.69 a 209.28±3.73 a
YM 158 0 276.07±2.93 a 276.07±2.94 a
21 250.45±1.08 a 285.96±2.93 a
35 204.20±2.91 a 261.12±3.88 b
XM 55 0 278.59±3.23 a 278.59±3.24 a
21 247.22±5.66 a 293.10±3.23 b
35 220.66±4.62 a 255.92±6.29 b

Fig. 2

Microstructure of leaves of different wheat cultivars after shading for 21 days postanthesis CK: normal light; AS: shading stress postanthesis. Abbreviations of variety name are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 4

Effects of shading for 21 days postanthesis on leaf tissue thickness of different wheat varieties"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 上表皮厚度
Upper
epidermis thickness
(μm)		 下表皮厚度
Lower
epidermis thickness
(μm)		 栅栏组织厚度
Palisade
tissue thickness
(μm)		 海绵组织厚度
Sponge
tissue thickness
(μm)		 叶片厚度
Leaf
thickness
(μm)		 栅海比
Fence tissue sponge tissue ratio		 叶片结构
紧实度
Tightness of the blade structure		 叶片结构
疏密度
Blade structure dredging
density
ZM 9023 CK 13.37±0.58 a 12.26±0.78 a 50.32±2.90 a 40.69±7.47 a 165.86±6.68 a 1.24 a 0.30 a 0.25 a
AS 12.29±0.24 a 12.17±0.32 a 39.25±0.06 b 33.50±5.46 b 146.60±5.71 b 0.87 b 0.27 b 0.23 a
FM 1228 CK 12.96±0.94 a 11.14±0.12 a 59.18±3.36 a 42.58±7.80 a 157.23±4.11 a 1.39 a 0.40 a 0.29 a
AS 11.16±0.38 a 11.38±0.31 a 28.16±5.65 b 22.94±5.76 b 135.29±1.38 b 1.16 b 0.20 b 0.16 a
YM 158 CK 12.75±1.68 a 11.97±0.38 a 53.51±5.66 a 37.13±6.29 a 163.79±3.80 a 1.44 a 0.33 a 0.23 a
AS 10.90±1.32 a 9.31±0.43 a 40.46±3.86 b 28.46±1.88 b 154.34±2.41 b 1.32 a 0.24 b 0.18 a
XM 55 CK 13.90±0.98 a 10.99±0.59 a 51.97±2.59 a 37.76±2.07 a 151.50±3.54 a 1.38 a 0.34 a 0.25 a
AS 12.24±0.76 a 10.18±0.49 a 39.03±4.19 b 29.02±2.66 b 145.78±1.91 b 1.37 a 0.27 b 0.20 a

Fig. 3

Dry matter accumulation of different wheat varieties under shading stress postanthesis I: anthesis stage; II: 21 days post anthesis; III: maturity. Different lowercase letters mean significant difference among treatment at the 0.05 probability level. CK: normal light; AS: shading stress postanthesis. Abbreviations of variety name are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 5

Effects of shading postanthesis on the yield and component factors of different wheat varieties"

年度
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理 Treatment 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 每公顷穗数
Number of ears
per hectare
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Kernels per pike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 收获指数
Harvest
index
2018-2019 ZM 9023 CK 5525 a 447 a 39.9 a 36.83 a 0.43 a
AS 3119 b 444 a 39.7 a 24.23 b 0.32 b
FM 1228 CK 5808 a 423 a 40.2 a 38.12 a 0.43 a
AS 3009 b 421 a 39.4 a 24.03 b 0.29 b
YM 158 CK 5502 a 353 a 43.4 a 37.37 a 0.44 a
AS 3740 b 351 a 43.0 a 28.05 b 0.36 b
XM 55 CK 6417 a 412 a 46.5 a 41.08 a 0.43 a
AS 3999 b 414 a 44.8 a 29.43 b 0.35 b
2020-2021 ZM 9023 CK 3771 a 368 a 37.4 a 40.48 a 0.38 a
AS 2557 b 357 a 36.9 a 35.30 b 0.28 b
FM 1228 CK 4644 a 348 a 43.1 a 41.82 a 0.41 a
AS 2510 b 326 a 41.5 a 32.50 b 0.31 b
YM 158 CK 4078 a 326 a 40.9 a 46.14 a 0.40 a
AS 3008 b 340 a 40.8 a 38.16 b 0.34 b
XM 55 CK 3968 a 334 a 42.6 a 43.90 a 0.35 a
AS 2808 b 315 a 40.2 a 36.06 b 0.25 b
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