密度对不同株型花生单粒精播群体质量及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24041

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effect of planting density on the population quality of peanut with different plant types under the mode of single-seed precision sowing, this experiment were carried out with two plant-types (erect big peanut variety “Huayu 22” and semi-creeping big peanut variety “Huayu 9513”), three densities (75,000 plants hm^-2, 150,000 plants hm^-2, and 225,000 plants hm^-2). Yield, photosynthetic product accumulation and distribution, leaf area index, plant characteristics and grain leaf ratio were studied. The results were as follows: (1) With the increase of density, the pod yield of “Huayu 22” increased, while that of “Huayu 9513” increased first and then decreased, in addition, the optimum planting density of “Huayu 9513” was lower than that of “Huayu 22”. (2) The population dry weight of “Huayu 22” increased with the increase of density during the growth period, and the greater the density, the smaller the increase range. While the population dry weight of “Huayu 9513” increased with the increase of density at seedling stage, increased first and then decreased with the increase of density after flower pegging stage, and the dry weight of D2 density was the largest. With the increase of density, the distribution proportion of dry matter in roots increased and that in fruit needles decreased; “Huayu 9513” and “Huayu 22” had the probably same dry weight at harvest stage, while the distribution proportion of dry matter to pods was less, and the economic coefficient and grain to leaf were lower. The leaf area index and leaf area duration of peanut increased with the increase of density at the early growth stage, and the increase of “Huayu 9513” was higher than that of “Huayu 22”. The leaf area index and leaf area duration of “Huayu 9513” was not significantly different from that of “Huayu 22” before pod setting stage, however from pod setting stage to harvest stage it was significantly higher than that of “Huayu 22”. (3) The number of lateral branches and fruit branches per plant decreased with the increase of density in the harvest period, while that of the population increased with the increase of density. (4) The correlation analysis showed that there were positive or significant positive correlation between peanut pod yield and dry matter accumulation after pod setting stage, especially dry matter accumulation at pod fulling stage, leaf area duration, plant dry weight, and leaf area index at harvest stage. In conclusion, density showed different effects on the population quality of peanut with different plant types, erect peanut “Huayu 22” showed good density tolerance and the optimum density was higher, while semi-creeping peanut “Huayu 9513” showed poor density tolerance. The optimum density of “Huayu 9513” was lower.

Key words: density, peanut, plant type, single-seed precision sowing, population quality

LIU Jun-Hua, WU Zheng-Feng, DANG Yan-Xue, YU Tian-Yi, ZHENG Yong-Mei, WAN Shu-Bo, WANG Cai-Bin, LI Lin. Effects of density on population quality and yield of peanut with different plant types under the mode of single-seed precision sowing[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(2): 459-471.

Figures/Tables 11

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年份 Year	pH	有机质 Organic matter (%)	水解氮Hydrolysable N (mg kg^-1)	速效磷Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾Available K (mg kg^-1)	交换性钙 Exchangeable calcium (cmol kg^-1)
2019	6.5	1.16	80.4	130.0	93.4	8.0
2020	6.9	1.32	97.8	58.5	127.0	9.8

年份 Year	品种 Variety	密度 Density	单株结果数 Pods per plant	公顷果数 Pods per hm² (×10⁴ hm^-2)	千克果数 Pods per kg
2019	花育22 Huayu 22	D1	56.9±2.2 a	426.7±16.3 ab	568.7±32.6 b
		D2	32.7±0.6 c	490.0±8.7 a	569.8±34.5 b
		D3	22.2±0.5 de	499.0±11.3 a	610.2±19.6 ab
		平均Average	37.2±17.8 A	471.9±39.4 A	582.9±23.7 B
	花育9513 Huayu 9513	D1	43.0±5.8 b	322.5±43.6 c	613.4±31.9 ab
		D2	25.2±0.7 d	378.3±10.4 bc	569.7±22.3 b
		D3	18.4±3.9 e	415.0±86.9 ab	666.0±30.5 a
		平均Average	28.9±12.7 B	371.9±46.6 B	616.3±48.2 A
	品种Variety (V)		**	**	**
	密度Density (D)		**	ns	*
	品种×密度V×D		ns	ns	ns
2020	花育22 Huayu 22	D1	50.7±5.8 a	380.0±43.3 b	563.2±1.6 b
		D2	35.4±6.2 b	531.3±92.6 a	596.4±33.7 ab
		D3	24.9±3.8 c	560.6±85.2 a	595.4±19.1 ab
		平均Average	37.0 ±12.9 A	490.6±96.9 A	585.0±18.9 A
	花育9513 Huayu 9513	D1	39.3±5.4 b	294.4±40.6 b	628.4±46.5 a
		D2	20.8±3.1 c	312.5±46.9 b	580.7±18.1 ab
		D3	16.1±5.4 c	361.9±120.7 b	607.6±26.0 ab
		平均Average	25.4±12.2 B	322.9±34.9 B	605.6±23.9 A
	品种Variety (V)		**	**	ns
	密度Density (D)		**	ns	ns
	品种×密度V×D		ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	品种 Variety	密度 Density	干物质重 Dry matter weight (t hm^-2)				阶段干物质累积量 Dry matter accumulation (t hm^-2)
年份 Year	品种 Variety	密度 Density	幼苗期SS	花针期FPS	结荚期PSS	收获期HS	结荚前BPS	结荚后APS
2019	花育22 Huayu 22	D1	/	4.5±0.4 ab	8.0±0.8 a	10.2±1.0 c	4.5±0.4 ab	5.7±0.7 b
		D2	/	5.6±0.6 ab	10.6±3.2 a	12.4±1.8 bc	5.6±0.6 ab	6.9±2.3 ab
		D3	/	6.1±0.7 a	11.6±2.7 a	15.0±1.9 ab	6.1±0.7 a	8.8±1.2 ab
		平均Average	/	5.4±0.9 A	10.1±2.6 A	12.5±2.5 A	5.4±0.9 A	7.1±1.6 B
	花育9513 Huayu 9513	D1	/	3.8±0.7 b	8.5±2.5 a	12.4±2.3 bc	3.8±0.7 b	8.6±1.6 ab
		D2	/	5.7±1.4 a	11.7±1.6 a	14.3±0.6 ab	5.7±1.4 a	8.6±1.4 ab
		D3	/	5.5±1.1 ab	10.6±1.8 a	16.1±2.2 a	5.5±1.1 ab	10.6±3.3 a
		平均Average	/	5.0±1.3 A	10.3±2.2 A	14.3±2.3 A	5.0±1.3 A	9.3±1.2 A
	品种Variety (V)			ns	ns	ns	ns	*
	密度Density (D)			*	ns	**	*	ns
	品种×密度V×D			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
2020	花育22 Huayu 22	D1	0.6±0.2 cd	5.8±0.3 bc	10.4±1.6 cd	9.6±1.3 ab	5.8±0.3 bc	3.9±1.6 a
		D2	1.1±0.3 b	7.3±0.5 ab	9.5±0.2 d	11.2±1.8 ab	7.3±0.5 ab	3.8±1.3 a
		D3	1.6±0.4 a	8.5±2.1 a	14.3±1.0 a	12.0±1.3 a	8.5±2.1 a	3.6±2.9 a
		平均Average	1.1±0.5 A	7.2±1.6 A	11.4±2.4 A	11.0±1.7 A	7.2±1.6 A	3.8±0.2 A
	花育9513 Huayu 9513	D1	0.5±0.1 d	4.0±0.5 c	9.9±1.6 d	9.8±0.7 ab	4.0±0.5 c	5.9±1.0 a
		D2	1.0±0.1 bc	6.6±0.1 ab	12.7±0.5 ab	10.6±1.3 ab	6.6±0.1 ab	4.0±1.3 a
		D3	1.3±0.2 ab	8.3±1.3 a	11.7±1.7 bc	9.0±0.5 b	8.3±1.3 a	0.7±0.8 b
		平均Average	0.9±0.4 A	6.3±2.0 A	11.5±1.7 A	9.8±1.0 A	6.3±2.0 A	3.5±2.6 A
	品种Variety (V)		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	密度Density (D)		**	**	**	ns	**	ns
	品种×密度V×D		ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	品种 Variety	密度 Density	干物质分配比例Dry matter distribution ratio (%)					营养体/生殖体 V/ R
年份 Year	品种 Variety	密度 Density	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	果 Pod	果针 Peg	营养体/生殖体 V/ R
2019	花育22 Huayu 22	D1	1.7±0.5 b	21.8±3.7 b	6.7±2.2 c	66.0±3.1 a	3.9±1.3 a	0.4±0.1 b
		D2	1.8±0.6 b	24.2±1.4 b	8.7±7.4 c	62.3±6.9 a	3.1±0.4 a	0.5±0.2 b
		D3	3.0±0.7 a	25.0±4.0 b	9.1±4.3 bc	60.6±4.7 a	2.4±1.5 a	0.6±0.1 b
		平均Average	2.1±0.7 A	23.6±1.7 B	8.1±1.3 B	63.0±2.8 A	3.1±0.7 A	0.5±0.1 B
	花育9513 Huayu 9513	D1	2.1±0.4 a	36.4±1.0 a	17.0±2.9 ab	41.4±1.6 b	3.1±0.6 a	1.3±0.1 a
		D2	2.0±0.1 a	40.9±4.4 a	13.6±1.0 abc	41.0±4.0 b	2.5±1.1 a	1.3±0.2 a
		D3	2.8±1.0 a	39.4±2.6 a	18.0±2.8 a	37.7±3.8 b	2.1±0.1 a	1.5±0.2 a
		平均Average	2.3±0.4 A	38.9±2.3 A	16.2±2.3 A	40.0±2.0 B	2.6±0.5 A	1.4±0.1 A
	品种Variety (V)		ns	**	**	**	ns	**
	密度Density (D)		*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	品种×密度V×D		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
2020	花育22 Huayu 22	D1	1.4±0.1 e	27.4±1.9 b	1.8±0.8 cd	65.7±1.5 a	3.7±0.3 a	0.4±0.0 c
		D2	1.5±0.1 e	27.6±1.7 b	1.1±0.4 d	66.3±1.7 a	3.5±0.3 a	0.4±0.0 c
		D3	1.8±0.1 d	28.6±1.2 b	0.9±0.5 d	65.7±0.5 a	3.0±0.3 bc	0.5±0.0 c
		平均Average	1.5±0.2 B	27.9±0.6 B	1.3±0.5 B	65.9±0.4 A	3.4±0.3 A	0.4±0.0 B
	花育9513 Huayu 9513	D1	1.9±0.1 c	43.9±1.2 a	6.5±1.4 a	44.4±1.1 c	3.2±0.3 ab	1.1±0.0 a
		D2	2.3±0.2 b	43.3±2.1 a	5.2±1.8 ab	46.1±3.6 bc	3.1±0.1 bc	1.0±0.1 ab
		D3	2.6±0.1 a	43.1±0.4 a	3.5±0.2 bc	48.2±0.6 b	2.6±0.4 c	1.0±0.0 b
		平均Average	2.3±0.3 A	43.5±0.4 A	5.1±1.5 A	46.2±1.9 B	3.0±0.3 B	1.0±0.1 A
	品种Variety (V)		**	**	**	**	**	**
	密度Density (D)		**	ns	*	ns	**	ns
	品种×密度V×D		*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	结实数/叶面积 Number of fruits/Leaf area (No. dm^-2)	果数/叶面积 Number of pods/Leaf area (No. dm^-2)	果重/叶面积 Dry weight of pods/Leaf area (g dm^-2)
2019	花育22 Huayu 22	D1	1.8±0.2 a	1.6±0.2 a	2.4±0.3 a
		D2	1.8±0.6 a	1.3±0.4 ab	2.0±0.4 ab
		D3	1.4±0.7 ab	1.2±0.6 ab	1.9±0.7 abc
		平均Average	1.7±0.5 A	1.4±0.4 A	2.1±0.5 A
	花育9513 Huayu 9513	D1	0.9±0.1 b	0.7±0.1 b	1.1±0.2 cd
		D2	0.8±0.2 b	0.6±0.1 b	1.0±0.2 d
		D3	1.1±0.3 ab	0.8±0.4 b	1.2±0.5 bcd
		平均Average	0.9±0.2 B	0.7±0.2 B	1.1±0.3 B
	品种Variety (V)		**	**	**
	密度Density (D)		ns	ns	ns
	品种×密度V×D		ns	ns	ns
2020	花育22 Huayu 22	D1	1.4±0.2 a	1.1±0.2 a	1.9±0.3 a
		D2	1.8±0.1 a	1.4±0.1 a	1.9±0.1 a
		D3	1.8±0.4 a	1.4±0.5 a	2.0±0.6 a
		平均Average	1.7±0.3 A	1.3±0.3 A	1.9±0.3 A
	花育9513 Huayu 9513	D1	0.7±0.1 b	0.5±0.2 b	0.8±0.2 b
		D2	0.7±0.1 b	0.5±0.1 b	0.8±0.1 b
		D3	0.9±0.2 b	0.6±0.1 b	0.8±0.1 b
		平均Average	0.7±0.2 B	0.5±0.1 B	0.8±0.1 B
	品种Variety (V)		**	**	**
	密度Density (D)		ns	ns	ns
	品种×密度V×D		ns	ns	ns

Effects of density on population quality and yield of peanut with different plant types under the mode of single-seed precision sowing

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品种 Variety	密度 Density	侧枝数Number of lateral branches		果枝数Number of fruit branches		有效枝比率Effective branch ratio (%)
品种 Variety	密度 Density	单株Single (No. plant^-1)	群体 Population (×10⁴ hm^-2)	单株Single (No. plant^-1)	群体 Population (×10⁴ hm^-2)	有效枝比率Effective branch ratio (%)
花育22 Huayu 22	D1	30.3±2.5 bc	227.5±18.9 c	11.7±1.2 b	87.5±8.7 b	38.8±6.8 b
	D2	15.0±3.0 d	225.0±45.0 c	10.0±3.0 b	150.0±45.0 ab	69.6±26.7 a
	D3	18.3±0.6 d	412.5±13.0 b	9.3±1.5 b	210.0±34.4 a	51.1±9.5 ab
花育9513 Huayu 9513	D1	63.0±5.0 a	472.5±37.5 ab	19.7±6.0 a	147.5±26.5 ab	31.2±2.6 b
	D2	39.0±7.0 b	585.0±105.0 a	12.0±0.0 b	180.0±0.0 a	30.8±5.2 b
	D3	21.0±5.6 cd	472.5±125.3 ab	8.0±1.0 b	180.0±22.5 a	41.1±17.0 b

群体质量指标 Population quality index	花育22 Huayu 22	花育9513 Huayu 9513
单位面积株数 Number of plants per hm²	0.357	-0.138
单株果数 Number of pods per plant	-0.298	0.287
公顷果数 Number of pods per hm²	0.328	0.420
千克果数 Number of pods per kg	0.005	-0.107
结实数/叶面积 No. of fruits/the maximum leaf area	-0.124	0.288
果数/叶面积 No. of pods/the maximum leaf area	-0.097	0.386
果重/叶面积 Dry weight of pods/the maximum leaf area	-0.119	0.488^*
主茎高 Stem height	-0.488^*	-0.426
侧枝长 Lateral branch length	-0.503^*	0.189
株型指数 Plant type index	-0.069	0.368
侧枝数 The number of lateral branches	0.235	0.107
花针期叶面积系数 LAI of flower pegging stage	0.071	-0.355
结荚期叶面积系数 LAI of pod setting stage	0.345	-0.024
收获期叶面积系数 LAI of harvest stage	0.590^**	0.684^**
结荚前光合势 LAD before pod setting stage	-0.312	-0.480^*
结荚期光合势 LAD of pod setting stage	0.564^*	0.605^**
饱果期光合势 LAD of pod fulling stage	0.612^**	0.769^**
花针期植株干重 DMW of flower pegging stage	-0.252	-0.291
结荚期植株干重 DMW of pod setting stage	0.103	-0.276
收获期植株干重 DMW of harvest stage	0.537^*	0.712^**
结荚前干物质累积 DMW accumulation before pod setting stage	-0.252	-0.291
结荚后干物质累积 DMW accumulation after pod setting stage	0.634^**	0.686^**
结荚期干物质累积 DMW accumulation of pod setting stage	0.281	-0.018
饱果期干物质累积 DMW accumulation of pod fulling stage	0.336	0.697^**

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