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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 447-458.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21013

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of staged potassium application on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under reduced nitrogen conditions

ZHANG Xiang-Yu1(), HU Xin-Hui1, GU Shu-Bo1, Lin Xiang2, YIN Fu-Wei3, WANG Dong2,*()   

  1. 1Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    3Tai’an City Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2022-02-18 Accepted:2022-06-07 Online:2022-07-11 Published:2022-07-11
  • Contact: WANG Dong E-mail:492754758@qq.com;wangd@nwafu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Program Project of Shandong Province(LJNY202010);Key Research and Development Program Project of Shaanxi Province(2021ZDLNY01-05)

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Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of potassium fertilizer application on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat in different stages, and to determine the high-yield and efficient potassium fertilizer operation plan for winter wheat under the condition of nitrogen reduction, the high-yield and strong-gluten winter wheat variety Gaoyou 5766 was selected as the test materials in this experiment. During the growing season, a two-factor randomized block design was used to set three nitrogen application levels [conventional nitrogen application rate (240 kg hm-2, N1), nitrogen application rate reduced by 20% (192 kg hm-2, N2), and nitrogen application rate reduced by 40% (144 kg hm-2, N3)] and two potassium fertilizer application schemes [all potassium fertilizers applied at the sowing stage (K1) and potassium fertilizer applied in stages (50% was applied at the sowing stage and 50% was applied at the jointing stage, K2)]. The results showed that under the same potassium fertilizer application scheme, the grain yield of N2 treatment was not significantly different from that of N1 treatment, and the grain yield of N3 treatment was significantly lower than that of N1 treatment, with a decrease of 9.0%-11.6%. Under the same nitrogen application rate, potassium application by stages could significantly improve grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat. Compared with K1 treatment, K2 treatment significantly inhibited the leaching of nitrate nitrogen into deep soil layers, increased nitrogen accumulation in winter wheat plants, and increased flag leaf photosynthetic rate and nitrate reductase activity, grain filling rate, the number of grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight. Grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency increased by 21.7% and 20.2% under the conventional nitrogen application rate, by 26.9% and 26.2% under the N2 level, and by 25.2% and 21.1% under the N3 level, respectively. The grain yield, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen partial productivity of N3K2 treatment were significantly higher than those of N1K1 treatment. The above results showed that potassium application in stages could greatly improve the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under different nitrogen application rates. Using the nitrogen application rate of 192 kg hm-2 combined with potassium application in stages, the grain yield and nitrogen uptake efficiency of winter wheat were the highest, and the nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity also reached a high level. It is a high-yield and efficient nitrogen-potassium fertilizer application scheme.

Key words: winter wheat, nitrogen reduction, potassium application by stages, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency

Table 1

Effects of different treatments on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
Spike numbers
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 氮素利用率
NUE
(kg kg-1)		 氮素吸收效率
NUpE
(kg kg-1)		 氮肥偏产力PEPn
(kg kg-1)
2018-2019 N1K1 660 ab 36.1 b 34.2 c 6072.6 c 20.3 d 1.2 c 25.3 d
N1K2 674 a 40.8 a 36.8 ab 7571.5 a 25.2 c 1.3 c 31.5 c
N2K1 640 bc 35.6 b 35.2 bc 6047.8 c 21.5 d 1.5 a 31.5 c
N2K2 652 ab 40.4 a 37.7 a 7660.4 a 27.2 b 1.5 a 39.9 b
N3K1 606 d 35.0 b 34.1 c 5421.3 d 27.6 b 1.4 b 37.6 b
N3K2 608 cd 39.3 a 37.5 a 6913.6 b 34.4 a 1.4 b 48.0 a
2019-2020 N1K1 682 ab 35.7 c 33.9 d 6652.4 c 24.6 d 1.1 b 27.7 d
N1K2 706 a 38.3 ab 36.9 abc 7895.9 a 28.6 c 1.2 b 32.9 c
N2K1 656 bc 34.5 bc 35.2 cd 6364.6 c 24.7 d 1.3 a 33.1 c
N2K2 682 ab 39.2 a 37.6 ab 8088.2 a 31.1 b 1.4 a 42.1 b
N3K1 590 d 35.2 bc 35.4 cd 5827.5 d 29.7 bc 1.4 a 40.5 b
N3K2 612 cd 38.3 a 37.8 a 7162.1 b 34.9 a 1.4 a 49.7 a

Fig. 1

Effects of different treatments on soil nitrate concentration in the 0-200 cm soil layers at jointing N1: conventional nitrogen application rate (240 kg hm-2); N2: nitrogen application rate was reduced by 20% (192 kg hm-2); N3: nitrogen application rate was reduced by 40% (144 kg hm-2); K1: all potassium fertilizers were applied at the sowing stage; K2: potassium fertilizer application in stages (50% was applied at sowing stage, 50% was applied at jointing stage)."

Fig. 2

Effects of different treatments on soil nitrate concentration in the 0-200 cm soil layers at anthesis Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 3

Effects of different treatments on soil nitrate concentration in the 0-200 cm soil layers at maturity Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 4

Dynamic changes of nitrogen accumulation amounts in different treatment Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 2

Effects of different treatments on nitrogen accumulation and distribution in winter wheat"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 成熟期籽粒氮素积累量
Grain nitrogen
accumulation
at maturity
(kg hm-2)		 成熟期营养器官
氮素积累量
Nitrogen accumulation
in vegetative organs
at maturity
(kg hm-2)		 开花后氮素同化量
Nitrogen assimilation
after anthesis
(kg hm-2)		 花后同化氮素对
籽粒的贡献率
Contribution rate of
assimilated nitrogen after
anthesis to grain
(%)
2018-2019 NIK1 237.1 b 61.5 a 93.8 b 39.5 a
N1K2 248.0 a 52.6 b 97.4 a 39.3 a
N2K1 222.5 c 49.2 c 76.6 c 34.4 b
N2K2 246.4 a 42.5 d 91.0 b 36.9 a
N3K1 191.2 e 32.9 e 54.9 e 28.7 d
N3K2 206.3 d 30.1 f 67.8 d 32.9 c
2019-2020 NIK1 185.6 b 112.3 a 109.6 a 47.0 b
N1K2 205.7 a 96.8 c 113.3 a 47.4 b
N2K1 160.6 c 111.1 b 93.8 c 49.9 b
N2K2 196.4 a 93.7 c 115.5 b 54.7 a
N3K1 141.7 d 80.4 e 66.0 e 40.3 d
N3K2 155.8 c 84.6 d 82.4 d 45.8 c

Fig. 5

Effects of different treatments on nitrate reductase activity (NR) in flag leaves of winter wheat after anthesis in 2018 and 2019 Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 6

Relative content of chlorophyll (SPAD) in flag leaf of winter wheat after anthesis Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 7

Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of flag leaf after anthesis in winter wheat in different treatments Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 8

Effects of different treatments on grain filling rate Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

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