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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9): 1375-1385.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.92005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同氮素水平下双季稻株型与冠层内光截获特征研究

李艳大(),黄俊宝,叶春,舒时富,孙滨峰,陈立才,王康军,曹中盛   

  1. 江西省农业科学院农业工程研究所/江西省智能农机装备工程研究中心/江西省农业信息化工程技术研究中心, 江西南昌 330200
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-15 接受日期:2019-04-15 出版日期:2019-09-12 网络出版日期:2019-05-10
  • 通讯作者: 李艳大
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300608);“万人计划”青年拔尖人才项目, 国家自然科学基金项目(31260293);江西省科技计划项目(20161BBI90012);江西省科技计划项目(20182BCB22015);江西省“双千计划”项目和江西省农业科学院科技创新及成果转化基金项目资助(2016CJJ001)

Plant type and canopy light interception characteristics in double cropping rice canopy under different nitrogen rates

LI Yan-Da(),HUANG Jun-Bao,YE Chun,SHU Shi-Fu,SUN Bin-Feng,CHEN Li-Cai,WANG Kang-Jun,CAO Zhong-Sheng   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment/Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Information Technology in Agriculture, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2019-01-15 Accepted:2019-04-15 Published:2019-09-12 Published online:2019-05-10
  • Contact: Yan-Da LI
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300608);the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals, the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31260293);the Jiangxi Science and Technology Program(20161BBI90012);the Jiangxi Science and Technology Program(20182BCB22015);the Jiangxi Province “Double Thousand Plan” Program, and the Science & Technology Innovation and Achievements Transformation Foundation for Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2016CJJ001)

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摘要：

本文旨在阐明双季稻株型与冠层内光合有效辐射截获的时空分布特征。选用4个不同株型早、晚稻品种, 设置4个不同施氮水平, 系统观测其植株形态和冠层内光合有效辐射截获率(IPAR)的时空分布状况。结果表明, 施氮水平对早、晚稻株高、穗长、叶长和叶基角均有显著影响, 均表现为随施氮水平的增加而增大; 早、晚稻孕穗期的分层叶面积指数(LAI)和向上累积LAI大于抽穗后12 d, 分层LAI呈冠层中部大于上部和下部的分布特征, 最大分层LAI出现在0.58相对高度处; 冠层上中部分层LAI和向上累积LAI随施氮水平的增加而增大; 向上累积LAI随相对高度呈S型曲线分布, 可用Logistic方程定量描述(R 2 > 0.99); 早、晚稻孕穗期的冠层IPAR大于抽穗后12 d, 且随施氮水平的增加而增大, 其日变化表现为正午较小, 早晚较大; 株型紧凑的早、晚稻品种, 冠层IPAR低; 冠层IPAR与向下累积LAI之间的关系可用方程IPAR = a (1-e - b ×LAI)定量描述(R 2 > 0.88); 冠层内IPAR的三维空间分布表现为冠层上中部水平面上IPAR较低, 光斑变化大, 冠层下部水平面上IPAR较高, 光斑变化较平缓, 同一冠层高度水平面上的IPAR呈不均匀分布。研究结果可为双季稻高产栽培及理想株型的优化设计提供支撑。

关键词: 双季稻, 株型, 光合有效辐射, 光截获, 分布特征

Abstract:

The interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) within canopy direct affects double cropping rice photosynthesis and yield formation. The objective of this study was to elucidate the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of plant type and canopy interception of PAR in double cropping rice under different development stages, cultivar types and nitrogen rates. Field experiments were conducted using four early and late rice cultivars with four nitrogen application rates at Jiangxi in 2016 and 2017. The plant morphology and canopy interception rate of PAR (IPAR) in different canopy heights at different development stages were measured. The nitrogen application rate had significant effects on the plant height, ear length, leaf length and basic leaf angle. All of them increased with increasing nitrogen application rate. The layer leaf area index (LAI) and upward accumulated LAI of early and late rice were greater at booting stage than at 12 d after heading. The layer LAI was greater in mid canopy than in upper and basal canopy. The maximum layer LAI appeared at 0.58 of relative canopy height. The layer LAI and upward accumulated LAI in upper and mid canopy of early and late rice increased with increasing nitrogen application rate. The distribution of upward accumulated LAI followed sigmoid curve with relative height, which could be quantitatively described with Logistic equation (R 2 > 0.99). The canopy IPAR of early and late rice was greater at booting stage than at 12 d after heading, and increased with increasing nitrogen application rate. The diurnal variation of IPAR was smaller at noon than in the morning and afternoon. Lower canopy IPAR was observed for the compact plant type of early and late rice cultivars. The relationship between canopy IPAR and downward accumulated LAI could be quantitatively described with an equation of IPAR = a (1-e - b ×LAI) (R 2> 0.88). IPAR on horizontal plane of the three-dimensional distribution was smaller, with a greater variation of light flecks in upper and mid canopy than in basal canopy. The IPAR at the same canopy height was non-uniform on the horizontal plane. These results would provide a support on cultivation for high yield and optimal design of plant type in double cropping rice.

Key words: double cropping rice, plant type, photosynthetically active radiation, light interception, distribution characteristic

表1

不同年份、生育期的早、晚稻气象数据"

作物
Crop		 年份
Year		 生育期
Development stages		 最低气温
Minimum
temperature (°C)		 最高气温
Maximum
temperature (°C)		 日照时数
Sunshine hours
(h)		 降水量 Precipitation
(mm)
早稻
Early rice		 2016 孕穗期 Booting stage 26.3 32.5 11.2 0
抽穗后12 d 12 d after heading 25.0 34.6 11.0 0
2017 孕穗期 Booting stage 23.4 31.4 10.6 0
抽穗后12 d 12 d after heading 27.7 36.8 11.2 0
晚稻
Late rice		 2016 孕穗期 Booting stage 24.5 36.8 10.4 0
抽穗后12 d 12 d after heading 21.6 30.2 9.4 0
2017 孕穗期 Booting stage 24.4 34.8 10.7 0
抽穗后12 d 12 d after heading 22.1 30.5 10.1 0

表2

不同生育期、品种、施氮水平下的早、晚稻植株形态特征"

图1

不同生育期、品种、施氮水平下的早、晚稻分层叶面积指数分布 A和B分别表示孕穗期和抽穗后12 d。缩写同表2。"

图2

不同生育期、品种、施氮水平下的早、晚稻向上累积叶面积指数分布 A和B分别表示孕穗期和抽穗后12 d。缩写同表2。"

表3

不同生育期、品种、施氮水平下的早、晚稻向上累积叶面积指数分布的拟合方程"

处理
Treatment		 孕穗期 Booting stage 抽穗后12 d 12 d after heading
a b c R2 a b c R2
C1N0 3.56 22.28 6.91 0.9977 2.54 22.70 7.10 0.9954
C1N1 4.71 19.78 6.64 0.9972 3.67 15.25 6.53 0.9938
C1N2 5.84 15.94 6.37 0.9954 4.50 14.32 6.53 0.9931
C1N3 6.54 19.88 6.69 0.9967 5.14 17.10 6.59 0.9938
C2N0 4.16 14.77 5.90 0.9935 2.74 23.49 7.28 0.9975
C2N1 5.24 16.11 5.83 0.9954 3.77 17.77 6.62 0.9931
C2N2 6.29 16.17 5.87 0.9955 4.45 16.00 6.30 0.9950
C2N3 6.88 16.93 6.00 0.9956 5.27 17.77 6.47 0.9946
C3N0 4.03 16.60 6.15 0.9957 3.37 21.59 6.89 0.9968
C3N1 4.99 14.01 5.88 0.9937 4.44 18.80 6.50 0.9960
C3N2 6.08 14.14 5.77 0.9935 5.35 15.40 6.32 0.9945
C3N3 6.89 17.37 6.07 0.9955 5.94 17.69 6.59 0.9950
C4N0 4.05 20.27 6.35 0.9959 3.44 21.06 6.96 0.9968
C4N1 5.31 19.81 6.32 0.9960 4.38 17.78 6.63 0.9960
C4N2 6.14 16.11 6.07 0.9945 5.32 14.42 6.29 0.9934
C4N3 6.86 18.94 6.28 0.9954 5.82 16.45 6.45 0.9937

图3

不同生育期、品种、时刻、施氮水平下的早、晚稻冠层内PAR截获率与向下累积叶面积指数的关系 IPAR表示PAR截获率, A和B分别表示孕穗期和抽穗后12 d, 缩写同表2, R2表示决定系数。"

图4

不同生育期、时刻、冠层高度下的中嘉早17 N2处理冠层内光合有效辐射截获率的三维空间分布 H2、H4和H6分别表示距地面15 cm、45 cm和75 cm的冠层高度, A和B分别表示孕穗期和抽穗后12 d。"

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