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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 937-949.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.93049

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄淮海平原南部不同种植体系周年气候资源分配与利用特征研究

周宝元1,葛均筑2,侯海鹏3,孙雪芳4,丁在松1,李从锋1,马玮1,*(),赵明1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室, 北京100081
    2天津农学院农学与资源环境学院, 天津 300384
    3天津市农业发展服务中心种植业技术推广服务部, 天津 300061
    4青岛农业大学农学院, 山东青岛 266109
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-10 接受日期:2019-12-26 出版日期:2020-06-12 网络出版日期:2020-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 马玮,赵明
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zhoubaoyuan@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300504)

Characteristics of annual climate resource distribution and utilization for different cropping systems in the south of Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain

ZHOU Bao-Yuan1,GE Jun-Zhu2,HOU Hai-Peng3,SUN Xue-Fang4,DING Zai-Song1,LI Cong-Feng1,MA Wei1,*(),ZHAO Ming1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
    2College of Agronomy & Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
    3Planting Technology Extension, Department of Tianjin Agricultural Development Service Center, Tianjin 300061, China
    4College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
  • Received:2019-09-10 Accepted:2019-12-26 Published:2020-06-12 Published online:2020-01-15
  • Contact: Wei MA,Ming ZHAO
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300504)

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摘要：

探明不同种植体系周年产量、气候资源分配及其利用效率特征, 建立周年气候资源优化配置的定量指标, 为进一步提升黄淮海区域周年产量潜力和资源利用效率提供理论依据。本研究利用2011—2015年河南新乡定位试验数据, 定量分析了冬小麦-夏玉米、冬小麦-夏大豆、双季玉米和一季春玉米4个种植体系产量、生物量、干物质产能、光温资源分配及其利用效率。结果表明, 冬小麦-夏玉米和双季玉米体系4年产量、生物量和干物质产能差异均不显著, 但显著高于冬小麦-夏大豆和一季春玉米体系, 平均增幅分别为45.4%~61.5%、37.3%~71.3%和35.7%~70.7%; 双季玉米和一季春玉米体系周年辐射生产效率、籽粒及总生物量光能利用效率均显著高于冬小麦-夏玉米和冬小麦-夏大豆体系, 其中周年辐射生产效率平均增幅为11.8%~66.7%, 籽粒及总生物量光能利用效率分别提高0.13~0.42和0.18~0.69百分点。进一步分析周年气候资源分配特征, 冬小麦-夏玉米体系两季积温分配率分别为45.6%和54.4%, 积温比值为0.8, 双季玉米两季积温分配率为51.4%和48.6%, 积温比值为1.1。综合分析产量和资源利用效率, 冬小麦-夏玉米和双季玉米种植体系可作为黄淮海区种植模式优化布局和农业生产可持续发展的重要支撑, 而明确主要种植体系积温分配率和积温比值等定量指标可为进一步优化周年气候资源配置, 挖掘黄淮海两熟区周年产量潜力和资源利用效率提供重要参考。

关键词: 黄淮海平原南部, 种植体系, 产量, 资源分配, 资源利用效率

Abstract:

Clarifying the characteristics of annual yield, distribution and utilization of climatic resources, and establishing rational quantitative indexes of annual climatic resources distribution for different cropping systems are helpful to provide theoretical basis for further improving annual yield and resource use efficiency in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain. In this study, the experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2015 at Xinxiang, Henan province to analyze the grain yield, biomass, dry matter production energy, and distribution and utilization efficiency of climatic resources under four cropping systems, namely winter wheat-summer maize, winter wheat-summer soybean, double maize and one-season spring maize. There were no differences in the annual grain yield, total biomass, and dry matter production energy between the winter wheat-summer maize and double maize cropping systems, but they were significantly higher than those of the winter wheat-summer soybean and one-season spring maize cropping systems, with an average increase of 45.4%-61.5%, 37.3%-71.3%, and 35.77%-70.7%, respectively. The annual radiation production efficiency, radiation use efficiency of grain and total biomass for double maize and one-season spring maize cropping systems were significantly higher than those of the winter wheat-summer maize and winter wheat-summer soybean cropping systems, with an average increase of 11.8%-66.7% in the annual radiation production efficiency, and 0.13-0.42 and 0.18-0.69 percentage points increase in the radiation use efficiency of grain and total biomass, respectively. The accumulative temperature distribution rate for two seasons of winter wheat-summer maize was 45.6% and 54.4%, respectively, while those of double maize was 51.4% and 48.6%, respectively. The accumulative temperature ratio between two seasons was of winter wheat-summer maize 0.8, while that of double maize was 1.1. Considering both yield and resource use efficiency, winter wheat-summer maize and double maize cropping systems can be used to optimize the layout of planting patterns and support the sustainable development of agricultural production in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain. Furthermore, clarifying the accumulated temperature distribution rate and the accumulated temperature ratio between two seasons is helpful to optimize climate resource distribution, and further improve the yield potential and the resources use efficiency of double cropping system in the Yellow- Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain.

Key words: the south of Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain, cropping system, yield, resource distribution, resource use efficiency

图1

2011年10月至2015年11月年新乡日均温度、辐射量及降雨量"

表1

2011-2015年不同种植体系种植方案"

年份
Year		 种植体系
Cropping system		 作物类型
Crop type		 品种
Variety		 密度
Plant density
(×104 plant hm-2)		 播种期
Sowing date (month/day)		 收获期
Harvest date
(month/day)
2011-2012 W-M 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 375 10/13 6/5
夏玉米Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 6/12 9/28
W-S 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 375 10/13 6/5
夏大豆Summer soybean 中黄35 Zhonghuang 35 22.5 6/13 9/25
M-M 早春季Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.75 3/21 7/20
晚夏季Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 7/20 11/11
M 春玉米Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.00 4/22 9/3
2012-2013 W-M 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 450 10/10 6/4
夏玉米Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 6/8 9/25
W-S 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 450 10/10 6/2
夏大豆Summer soybean 中黄35 Zhonghuang 35 30.0 6/10 9/25
M-M 早春季Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.75 3/23 7/19
晚夏季Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 7/21 11/15
M 春玉米Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.00 4/25 9/4
2013-2014 W-M 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 450 10/10 5/29
夏玉米Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 6/8 9/27
W-S 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 450 10/10 6/2
夏大豆Summer soybean 中黄35 Zhonghuang 35 30.0 6/8 9/22
M-M 早春季Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.75 3/25 7/18
晚夏季Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 7/19 11/12
M 春玉米Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.00 4/27 9/8
2014-2015 W-M 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 450 10/9 6/5
夏玉米Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 6/13 9/25
W-S 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 450 10/9 6/8
夏大豆Summer soybean 中黄35 Zhonghuang 35 30.0 6/15 9/25
M-M 早春季Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.75 3/23 7/21
晚夏季Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 7/22 11/21
M 春玉米Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.00 4/28 9/10

图2

2011-2015年不同种植体系单季及周年产量 A为周年产量; B为一年两熟体系第一季产量; C为一年两熟体系第二季产量; W-M: 冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟; M-M: 双季玉米一年两熟; W-S: 冬小麦-夏大豆一年两熟; M: 一季春玉米。图柱上不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。"

图3

2011-2015年不同种植体系周年生物量及干物质产能 A为周年生物量; B为一年两熟体系第一季生物量; C为一年两熟体系第二季生物量; D为周年干物质产能; E为一年两熟体系第一季干物质产能; F: 为一年两熟体系第二季干物质产能; W-M: 冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟; M-M: 双季玉米一年两熟; W-S: 冬小麦-夏大豆一年两熟; M: 一季春玉米。图柱上不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。"

表2

2011-2015年不同种植体系季节间积温分配"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 第一季First season 第二季Second season 周年Annual
积温
AT (°C)		 分配率
TDR (%)		 积温
AT (°C)		 分配率
TDR (%)		 积温
AT (°C)		 两季比
TR
2011-2012 W-M 2348.5 45.4 2828.7 54.6 5177.2 0.83
M-M 2681.1 52.3 2442.4 47.7 5123.5 1.10
W-S 2348.5 46.6 2692.0 53.4 5040.5 0.87
M — — — — 3275.0 —
2012-2013 W-M 2255.0 43.7 2908.2 56.3 5163.2 0.78
M-M 2562.0 50.0 2558.8 50.0 5120.8 1.00
W-S 2296.0 46.1 2687.5 53.9 4983.5 0.85
M — — — — 3334.5 —
2013-2014 W-M 2267.3 45.3 2736.5 54.7 5003.8 0.83
M-M 2631.7 52.2 2406.5 47.8 5038.2 1.09
W-S 2358.6 47.1 2644.2 52.9 5002.8 0.89
M — — — — 3324.6 —
2014-2015 W-M 2527.4 48.0 2733.4 52.0 5260.8 0.92
M-M 2570.3 51.1 2460.4 48.9 5030.7 1.04
W-S 2467.7 47.6 2716.0 52.4 5183.7 0.91
M — — — — 3261.9 —
平均值Mean W-M 2349.6 b 45.6 b 2801.7 a 54.4 a 5151.3 a 0.8 c
M-M 2611.3 a 51.4 a 2467.0 b 48.6 b 5078.3 a 1.1 a
W-S 2367.7 b 46.9 b 2684.9 a 53.1 a 5052.6 a 0.9 b
M — — — — 3299.0 b —

表3

2011-2015年不同种植体系季节间辐射分配"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 第一季First season 第二季Second season 周年Annual
辐射量
Ra (MJ m-2)		 分配率
RDR (%)		 辐射量
Ra (MJ m-2)		 分配率
RDR (%)		 辐射量
Ra (MJ m-2)		 两季比
RR
2011-2012 W-M 2184.2 55.7 1738.2 44.3 3922.4 1.3
M-M 2062.2 56.8 1570.7 43.2 3632.9 1.3
W-S 2184.2 57.5 1614.0 42.5 3798.1 1.4
M — — — — 2110.2 —
2012-2013 W-M 2131.2 56.5 1638.1 43.5 3769.2 1.3
M-M 1761.0 52.6 1585.2 47.4 3346.2 1.1
W-S 2160.5 58.9 1510.3 41.1 3670.9 1.4
M — — — — 1995.6 —
2013-2014 W-M 2103.4 58.5 1493.2 41.5 3596.6 1.4
M-M 1873.4 58.7 1316.3 41.3 3189.7 1.4
W-S 2173.5 59.8 1462.3 40.2 3635.8 1.5
M — — — — 1982.4 —
2014-2015 W-M 2208.2 57.2 1651.4 42.8 3859.6 1.3
M-M 1974.3 55.2 1600.8 44.8 3575.1 1.2
W-S 2159.6 56.8 1644.8 43.2 3804.4 1.3
M — — — — 2128.9 —
平均值Mean W-M 2156.7 a 57.0 a 1630.2 a 43.0 a 3787.0 a 1.3 a
M-M 1917.7 b 55.8 b 1518.3 b 44.2 a 3436.0 b 1.3 a
W-S 2169.5 a 58.2 a 1557.8 ab 41.8 b 3727.3 a 1.4 a
M — — — — 2054.3 c —

表4

2011-2015年不同种植体系积温、光能和降水生产效率"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 积温生产效率
Production efficiency of AT
(kg hm-2 oC-1)		 光能生产效率
Production efficiency of Ra
(g MJ-1)		 降水生产效率
Production efficiency of Pr
(kg hm-2 mm-1)
第一季
First season		 第二季
Second season		 周年
Annual		 第一季
First season		 第二季
Second season		 周年
Annual		 第一季
First season		 第二季
Second season		 周年
Annual
2011-2012 W-M 3.8 4.0 3.9 0.42 0.65 0.52 48.5 41.4 44.3
M-M 4.0 3.8 3.9 0.50 0.58 0.54 68.5 56.1 62.0
W-S 3.8 1.7 2.7 0.41 0.29 0.36 47.7 17.3 29.8
M — — 3.8 — — 0.59 — — 51.5
2012-2013 W-M 3.8 3.9 3.9 0.42 0.62 0.51 88.4 32.2 45.9
M-M 4.1 3.8 4.0 0.58 0.60 0.59 35.3 61.5 44.4
W-S 3.8 1.8 2.7 0.40 0.33 0.37 85.1 15.8 32.9
M — — 3.6 — — 0.60 — — 31.2
2013-2014 W-M 3.7 4.0 3.9 0.42 0.67 0.52 69.7 22.5 32.9
M-M 4.0 3.8 3.9 0.56 0.69 0.61 60.4 25.7 37.0
W-S 3.7 1.8 2.7 0.40 0.33 0.37 68.5 11.5 24.8
M — — 3.9 — — 0.65 — — 37.7
2014-2015 W-M 3.5 3.9 3.8 0.40 0.62 0.50 55.5 32.2 40.0
M-M 4.1 3.8 4.0 0.52 0.58 0.55 42.6 35.6 39.0
W-S 3.5 1.4 2.4 0.40 0.24 0.33 53.5 12.3 26.1
M — — 3.8 — — 0.58 — — 38.7
平均值
Mean		 W-M 3.8 b 3.9 a 3.9 a 0.42 b 0.64 a 0.51 b 65.5 a 30.2 b 40.2 b
M-M 4.1 a 3.8 a 4.0 a 0.54 a 0.61 a 0.57 a 50.7 b 38.1 a 43.8 a
W-S 3.7 b 1.7 b 2.6 b 0.40 b 0.30 b 0.36 c 63.8 a 13.6 c 28.1 c
M — — 3.8 a — — 0.60 a — — 38.6 b

表5

2011-2015年不同种植体系光能利用效率"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 籽粒光能利用效率
Radiation use efficiency of grain (%)		 总生物量光能利用效率
Radiation use efficiency of total biomass (%)
第一季
First season		 第二季
Second season		 周年
Annual		 第一季
First season		 第二季
Second season		 周年
Annual
2011-2012 W-M 0.73 1.17 0.92 1.59 2.21 1.86
M-M 0.91 1.06 0.97 1.86 2.23 2.02
W-S 0.72 0.62 0.68 1.62 1.13 1.41
M — — 1.07 — — 1.97
2012-2013 W-M 0.74 1.12 0.90 1.60 2.17 1.85
M-M 1.04 1.09 1.06 2.10 2.26 2.17
W-S 0.70 0.70 0.70 1.52 1.23 1.40
M — — 1.08 — — 1.94
2013-2014 W-M 0.73 1.22 0.93 1.58 2.34 1.90
M-M 1.01 1.25 1.11 1.92 2.62 2.21
W-S 0.72 0.71 0.70 1.49 1.23 1.38
M — — 1.17 — — 2.28
2014-2015 W-M 0.71 1.12 0.88 1.61 2.12 1.83
M-M 0.95 1.04 0.99 1.83 2.07 1.93
W-S 0.72 0.51 0.62 1.53 1.10 1.34
M — — 1.05 1.96
平均值
Mean		 W-M 0.73 b 1.15 a 0.91 b 1.60 b 2.21 a 1.86 b
M-M 0.97 a 1.10 a 1.04 a 1.92 a 2.28 a 2.08 a
W-S 0.70 b 0.63 b 0.67 c 1.54 b 1.17 b 1.39 c
M — — 1.09 a — — 2.04 a
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