作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 937-949.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.93049
周宝元1,葛均筑2,侯海鹏3,孙雪芳4,丁在松1,李从锋1,马玮1,*(),赵明1,*()
ZHOU Bao-Yuan1,GE Jun-Zhu2,HOU Hai-Peng3,SUN Xue-Fang4,DING Zai-Song1,LI Cong-Feng1,MA Wei1,*(),ZHAO Ming1,*()
摘要:
探明不同种植体系周年产量、气候资源分配及其利用效率特征, 建立周年气候资源优化配置的定量指标, 为进一步提升黄淮海区域周年产量潜力和资源利用效率提供理论依据。本研究利用2011—2015年河南新乡定位试验数据, 定量分析了冬小麦-夏玉米、冬小麦-夏大豆、双季玉米和一季春玉米4个种植体系产量、生物量、干物质产能、光温资源分配及其利用效率。结果表明, 冬小麦-夏玉米和双季玉米体系4年产量、生物量和干物质产能差异均不显著, 但显著高于冬小麦-夏大豆和一季春玉米体系, 平均增幅分别为45.4%~61.5%、37.3%~71.3%和35.7%~70.7%; 双季玉米和一季春玉米体系周年辐射生产效率、籽粒及总生物量光能利用效率均显著高于冬小麦-夏玉米和冬小麦-夏大豆体系, 其中周年辐射生产效率平均增幅为11.8%~66.7%, 籽粒及总生物量光能利用效率分别提高0.13~0.42和0.18~0.69百分点。进一步分析周年气候资源分配特征, 冬小麦-夏玉米体系两季积温分配率分别为45.6%和54.4%, 积温比值为0.8, 双季玉米两季积温分配率为51.4%和48.6%, 积温比值为1.1。综合分析产量和资源利用效率, 冬小麦-夏玉米和双季玉米种植体系可作为黄淮海区种植模式优化布局和农业生产可持续发展的重要支撑, 而明确主要种植体系积温分配率和积温比值等定量指标可为进一步优化周年气候资源配置, 挖掘黄淮海两熟区周年产量潜力和资源利用效率提供重要参考。
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