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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 752-760.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04129

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

外源喷施植物生长调节剂对套作大豆碳氮代谢和花荚脱落的影响

罗凯1(), 谢琛1, 汪锦1, 王甜1, 何舜2, 雍太文1,*(), 杨文钰1   

  1. 1四川农业大学农学院 / 农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室 / 四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心, 四川温江 611130
    2成都市种子管理站/成都市农产品质量安全中心, 四川青羊 610072
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-16 接受日期:2020-10-14 出版日期:2021-04-12 网络出版日期:2020-11-06
  • 通讯作者: 雍太文
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 592234005@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201006);国家现代农业(大豆)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04-03A)

Effect of exogenous plant growth regulators on carbon-nitrogen metabolism and flower-pod abscission of relay strip intercropping soybean

LUO Kai1(), XIE Chen1, WANG Jin1, WANG Tian1, HE Shun2, YONG Tai-Wen1,*(), YANG Wen-Yu1   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agriculture University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
    2Chengdu Seed Management Station / Chengdu Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Center, Qingyang 610072, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2020-06-16 Accepted:2020-10-14 Published:2021-04-12 Published online:2020-11-06
  • Contact: YONG Tai-Wen
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0201006);China Agriculture Research System (Soybean)(CARS-04-03A)

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摘要：

玉米-大豆带状套作模式下, 玉米荫蔽会抑制大豆苗期生长、减少花荚数、降低产量, 探究外源植物生长调节剂对大豆开花结荚和产量的调控效应对套作大豆生产具有重要意义。采用单因素随机区组设计研究套作大豆初花期叶面喷施6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-Benzylaminopurine, 6-BA)、2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, DTA-6)、烯效唑(S3307)对花荚脱落、叶片碳氮代谢及产量形成的影响。结果表明, 外源调节剂会增强盛荚期和鼓粒期叶片蔗糖合成酶(sucrose synthetase, SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(sucrose phosphate synthase, SPS)及转化酶(invertase, Inv)的酶活性; 提高始粒期茎、叶、荚果的可溶性糖含量, 促进后期茎、叶中可溶性糖向荚果的转移。外源调节剂会增加始荚期叶片碳、氮含量, 降低叶片C/N比值; 增加始粒期叶片碳含量, 减少氮含量, 提高叶片C/N比值。外源调节剂会增加大豆开花结荚数, 降低落荚数、落荚率及花荚脱落率, 以DTA-6效果较好, 其处理下2年大豆单株有效荚数和产量显著高于CK, 较CK分别增加25.4%、41.3%和32.9%、37.6%。套作大豆初花期叶面喷施6-BA、DTA-6、S3307提高叶片SPS、SS和Inv酶活性, 协调大豆各器官碳氮代谢动态平衡, 促进大豆开花结荚、减少大豆落荚, 显著提高大豆的单株有效荚数与产量, 其中DTA-6的增产效果最好。

关键词: 玉米-大豆带状套作, 花荚脱落, 植物生长调节剂, 碳氮代谢, 产量

Abstract:

Maize shading inhibited the growth of soybean at the seedling stage, reduced the number of soybean flowers and pods, and decreased the yield of soybean under maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. To explore the effect of exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs) on flowering, pod setting, and yield of soybean is important for relay strip intercropping soybean production. Field experiments were used one-factor randomized block design to investigate the effect of foliage spraying 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA), diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DTA-6) and uniconazole (S3307) at the beginning of flowering stage on abscission of flowers and pods, leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and yield formation in relay strip intercropping soybean. The results demonstrated that spraying PRGs improved the sucrose synthetase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthetase (SPS) and invertase (Inv) activities in soybean leaves. Exogenous PGRs increased soluble sugar content in stems, leaves, and pods of soybean at the beginning of grain-filling stage, promoted soluble sugar transport from stem and leaves to pods. Exogenous PGRs increased carbon and nitrogen content and decreased the C:N ratio in soybean leaves at the beginning of podding stage. PGRs increased the carbon content, decreased nitrogen content, and increased the C:N ratio in soybean leaves at beginning of grain-filling stage. Foliar spraying PGRs increased the number of flowers and pods, reduced the abscission pod number, and decreased the ratio of pods abscission and flowers-pods abscission, the effect of DTA-6 treatments was better than others. The pods per plant and yield of soybean in 2018 and 2019 under DTA-6 treatment were increased by 25.4%, 41.3% and 32.9%, 37.6% as compared with CK, respectively. Foliar spraying PGRs increased the activities of SPS, SS, and Inv enzymes in soybean leaves, coordinated the carbon-nitrogen metabolism in soybean organs, promoted the soybean flowering and pod-setting, decreased the abscission of pods, increased the pods per plant and yield of relay strip intercropping soybean, the production increasing effect of DTA-6 were better than others.

Key words: maize-soybean relay strip intercropping, flowers and pods abscission, plant growth regulators, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, yield

表1

外源喷施植物生长调节剂对套作大豆可溶性糖含量的影响"

处理
Treatment		 R1 R5 R8
茎秆Stem 叶Leaf 茎秆Stem 叶Leaf 荚果Pod 茎秆Stem 叶Leaf 荚果Pod
CK 12.72±1.17 a 11.32±1.23 a 13.23±0.13 b 11.56±0.74 b 8.56±0.92 a 8.33±0.92 a 9.82±0.67 a 20.76±1.84 b
6-BA 12.73±1.15 a 12.03±0.98 a 17.04±0.21 a 13.56±0.69 a 8.84±1.09 a 6.14±0.73 b 7.84±0.33 b 24.23±1.68 a
S3307 12.84±1.42 a 12.04±1.77 a 16.03±0.10 a 13.78±1.48 a 9.56±1.47 a 6.32±1.44 b 8.13±0.51 b 24.79±1.72 a
DTA-6 11.93±1.34 a 11.34±1.03 a 16.64±0.11 a 13.33±0.22 a 9.53±1.73 a 5.89±1.09 b 8.22±0.29 b 24.86±1.23 a

图1

外源喷施植物生长调节剂对套作大豆叶片蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、转化酶(Inv)的影响 不同小写字母表示处理在0.05水平下差异显著。R2: 盛花期; R4: 盛荚期; R6: 鼓粒期。处理同表1。"

表2

外源喷施植物生长调节剂对套作大豆茎、叶、荚皮和籽粒的碳素含量的影响"

处理
Treatment		 R3 R5
茎秆
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚皮
Pod husks		 茎秆
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚皮
Pod husks		 籽粒
Grain
CK 422.22±2.67 b 442.86±6.73 a 416.86±6.91 b 457.93±3.11 a 458.71±1.33 b 440.56±6.93 a 506.22±1.44 b
6-BA 427.67±4.78 b 444.24±5.59 a 417.56±5.12 b 446.59±8.03 a 461.89±6.04 a 441.22±1.12 a 507.74±0.53 b
S3307 437.87±2.33 a 448.18±6.72 a 431.33±4.28 a 453.73±6.36 a 463.03±2.44 a 442.71±2.37 a 510.90±2.64 a
DTA-6 428.94±6.64 b 445.80±2.44 a 421.04±4.13 ab 451.74±8.86 a 464.53±3.24 a 443.42±1.76 a 509.71±4.62 ab

表3

外源喷施植物生长调节剂对大豆茎、叶、荚皮和籽粒的氮素含量的影响"

处理
Treatment		 R3 R5
茎秆
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚皮
Pod husks		 茎秆
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚皮
Pod husks		 籽粒
Grain
CK 20.69±0.23 a 49.87±2.03 b 45.71±0.12 a 13.38±0.02 b 42.16±2.03 a 25.83±1.68 b 77.05±2.11 b
6-BA 20.60±1.04 a 53.78±1.19 a 44.22±0.88 a 18.04±0.16 a 37.37±6.84 ab 32.66±3.03 a 77.64±2.13 ab
S3307 19.79±1.22 a 52.54±2.36 ab 44.51±1.57 a 13.73±0.15 b 32.38±3.03 b 33.06±3.43 a 79.58±4.76 ab
DTA-6 19.89±2.23 a 53.84±0.67 a 43.94±1.83 a 16.70±0.19 a 40.36±5.44 ab 31.72±1.58 a 81.68±1.26 a

表4

外源喷施植物生长调节剂对大豆茎、叶和荚果的C/N的影响"

处理
Treatment		 R3 R5
茎秆
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚皮
Pod husks		 茎秆
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚皮
Pod husks		 籽粒
Grain
CK 20.40±0.11 b 8.88±0.38 a 9.12±0.15 a 34.23±0.22 a 10.88±0.48 b 17.06±0.84 a 6.57±0.17 a
6-BA 20.76±0.86 b 8.26±0.23 b 9.44±0.11 a 24.76±2.08 b 12.36±2.36 ab 13.51±1.28 b 6.54±0.18 a
S3307 22.12±0.47 a 8.53±0.11 ab 9.69±0.28 a 33.05±3.99 a 14.30±1.39 a 13.39±1.45 b 6.42±0.35 a
DTA-6 21.57±0.43 a b 8.28±0.38 b 9.58±0.19 a 27.05±3.08 b 11.51±1.57 ab 13.98±0.77 b 6.24±0.21 a

表5

外源喷施植物生长调节剂对套作大豆花荚脱落数及脱落率的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 开花数
Number of
flowers		 结荚数
Number of pods		 落花数
Number of abscission flowers		 落荚数
Number of
abscission pods		 落花率
Flower
abscission rate (%)		 落荚率
Pod abscission rate (%)		 花荚脱落率
Flower and pod abscission rate (%)
2018 CK 137.93±5.020 b 75.60±5.03 b 62.33±4.74 a 30.33±4.16 a 45.19±1.79 a 40.12±3.68 a 67.18±2.73 a
6-BA 147.82±5.00 ab 83.82±6.00 ab 64.00±3.00 a 33.00±6.00 a 43.29±1.69 a 39.37±1.48 a 65.62±1.37 ab
S3307 149.97±6.69 a 82.64±6.07 ab 67.33±3.79 a 28.33±4.51 a 44.90±2.63 a 34.28±1.99 b 63.79±1.72 b
DTA-6 152.28±5.79 a 86.95±7.77 a 65.33±1.81 a 29.67±2.08 a 42.90±1.27 a 34.12±1.83 b 62.39±1.90 b
2019 CK 161.36±3.85 b 83.40±2.61 b 77.96±0.64 a 36.55±3.48 a 48.31±1.88 a 43.82±2.58 a 70.97±1.88 a
6-BA 166.00±5.42 ab 89.85±3.27 a 76.15±2.21 a 36.64±1.31 a 45.87±2.22 a 40.77±0.59 a 67.95±1.62 ab
S3307 162.76±4.45 ab 85.32±4.24 ab 77.44±0.39 a 29.02±4.06 b 47.58±1.96 a 34.01±2.85 b 65.41±1.76 bc
DTA-6 169.69±2.85 a 90.17±3.39 a 79.52±2.95 a 27.91±4.56 b 46.86±1.59 a 30.95±2.75 b 63.31±1.45 c
F值 F-value
年份 Years (Y) 125.07** 8.85* 50.96* 1.26 8.72* 0.01 3.40
调节剂Regulators (R) 10.48* 4.91 0.22 2.11 1.16 1.81 4.53
年份×调节剂 Y×R 1.38 0.32 0.37 0.51 0.78 0.11 0.41

表6

外源喷施植物生长调节剂对大豆产量与产量构成的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 单株有效荚数
Pods number per plant		 单株粒数
Grains number per plant		 百粒重
100-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
2018 CK 45.27±1.98 c 76.25±3.76 c 24.78±0.19 b 1752.25±86.36 c
6-BA 50.82±2.31 b 87.52±2.41 b 25.42±0.16 a 2117.40±99.12 b
S3307 54.31±2.19 ab 89.13±3.32 b 25.66±0.11 a 2093.64±68.45 b
DTA-6 56.77±2.31 a 103.37±4.45 a 25.54±0.23 a 2475.65±89.56 a
2019 CK 46.85±2.62 c 78.89±4.50 c 25.25±0.10 b 1886.82±108.03 c
6-BA 53.21±3.07 b 90.72±5.69 b 25.52±0.11 a 2231.02±99.53 b
S3307 56.30±2.99 ab 93.48±4.36 b 25.78±0.12 a 2281.38±93.31 b
DTA-6 62.26±3.12 a 105.05±7.14 a 25.56±0.12 a 2597.13±106.94 a
F值 F-value
年份 Years (Y) 16.33** 3.95 1.64 13.38*
调节剂 Regulators (R) 39.73** 71.12** 7.24* 61.45**
年份×调节剂 Y×R 2.53 0.12 0.52 0.18
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