欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (04): 675-683.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.00675

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

花铃期干旱胁迫下氮素水平对棉花光合作用与叶绿素荧光特性的影响

刘瑞显;王友华;陈兵林;郭文琦;周治国*   

  1. 南京农业大学/农业部作物生长调控重点开放试验室, 江苏南京210095
  • 收稿日期:2007-06-18 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-04-12 网络出版日期:2008-04-12
  • 通讯作者: 周治国

Effects of Nitrogen Levels on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics under Drought Stress in Cotton Flowering and Boll- Forming Stage

LIU Rui-Xian,WANG You-Hua,CHEN Bing-Lin,GUO Wen-Qi,ZHOU Zhi-Guo*   

  1. Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China

  • Received:2007-06-18 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2008-04-12 Published online:2008-04-12
  • Contact: ZHOU Zhi-Guo

PDF

1941

被引次数

157

摘要：

于2004—2005在江苏南京农业大学卫岗试验站进行盆栽试验, 设置干旱与对照2个土壤水分处理, 每个处理再设置3个氮素水平, 研究了花铃期干旱胁迫下氮素水平对棉花叶片光合作用与叶绿素荧光参数的影响, 以期为棉花花铃期干旱时的合理氮肥运筹提供理论依据。结果表明, 与对照相比, 干旱处理显著降低了棉株凌晨叶水势、土壤相对含水量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)与胞间CO2浓度(Ci), 但提高了叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、总叶绿素(Chl a+b)及类胡萝卜素(Car)的含量。干旱处理下, Pn、Gs、Ci、Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b及Car均以240 kg hm-2氮素水平最高。干旱胁迫下叶绿素初始荧光(Fo)明显升高, 且随氮素水平的提高而增大; 而最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光系统II(PS II)量子产量(ΦPS II)、电子传递速率(ETR)与光化学猝灭系数(qP)均显著降低, 干旱胁迫亦增大了非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)。干旱胁迫下Fv/Fm、ΦPS II、ETR与qP均以240 kg hm-2氮素水平最高。干旱胁迫显著降低叶片蒸腾速率(Tr), 导致叶温升高, 增施氮肥进一步增大了叶温。干旱胁迫降低了棉株各器官干物质重, 而施氮则增大水分胁迫指数。综合分析认为, 过量施氮或施氮不足均不利于提高棉花叶片光合性能。两年试验结果表明, 在本试验设置的3个氮素水平中, 花铃期干旱胁迫下以240 kg hm-2纯氮, 且基施50%, 初花期追施50%较适宜。

关键词: 棉花, 干旱胁迫, 氮素水平, 光合特性, 叶绿素荧光参数, 产量

Abstract: The flowering and boll-forming stage is the key yield determinant period of upland cotton. Short-duration water stress occurring during this stage significantly reduced cotton development and final productivity. Nitrogen application plays an important role in alleviating the adverse effects of dry soil on plant development. In order to explore effects of nitrogen on cotton photosynthesis under drought stress. The photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of cotton with different nitrogen application were examined under developing gradually drought stress during flowering and boll-forming stage. Leaf water potential, soil relative water content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were reduced, but the pigment contents of cotton leaf were increased under soil drought stress. The reduced degree of Pn was increased with increasing nitrogen levels. Under drought stress, Pn, Gs, Ci, Chl a content, Chl b content, Chl a+b content. and Car content in 240 kg N ha-1 treatment was the highest among the three nitrogen levels. Drought stress caused a significant decline in the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), the quantum yield of electron transport (ΦPS II), the electron transport rate (ETR) and the photochemical quenching co-efficient (qP). These changes were accompanied by an increase in both the minimal fluorescence (Fo) and the non-photochemical quenching co-efficient (NPQ). Fv/Fm, ΦPS II, ETR, and qP were higher at 240 kg N ha-1 level than at 0 and 480 kg N ha-1 levels. The transpiration (Tr) of cotton was reduced and the temperature of leaf was enhanced under drought. The dry matter of cotton decreased under drought. Nitrogen application increased dry matter weight and augmented the water stress indexes. All results suggest that 240 kg N ha-1 is the optimal nitrogen application rate under drought, deficient (0 kg N ha-1) and excessive (480 kg N ha-1) nitrogen application are of disadvantage to photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics.

Key words: Cotton, Drought, Nitrogen levels, Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Yield

[1] 胡川, 赵凯男, 黄修利, 吴金芝, 任开明, 王贺正, 付国占, 黄明, 李友军. 一次灌溉下耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1830-1846.
[2] 马胜乾, 王志平, 陈浩天, 窦淑贤, 张燕, 邓艾兴, 张卫建, 原向阳, 宋振伟. 秸秆还田下耕作方式与氮肥施用量对东北玉米产量及土壤团聚体的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1802-1816.
[3] 张思思, 赵向辉, 周洋, 姚云凤, 朱荣昱, 董元杰, 胡国庆, 徐通, 刘兆新. 冬闲期翻耕和绿肥还田对连作花生田土壤理化性质和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1472-1486.
[4] 张宁宁, 滕雨菲, 任娜娜, 魏兴卓, 闫书豪, 樊可心, 王永宏, 陈文康, 张兴华, 朱万超, 徐淑兔, 薛吉全. 201份玉米自交系抗旱表型评价及可塑性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1309-1325.
[5] 张曦, 王广恩, 李邵琦, 刘祎, 李俊兰, 钱玉源. 基于转录组测序解析陆海杂交姊妹系马克隆值差异的形成机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1442-1458.
[6] 张振, 冯连杰, 石玉, 于振文, 张永丽. 节水补灌下不同穗型小麦产量形成差异研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1522-1535.
[7] 闫安, 蒋昆炜, 王蓉圆, 田林, 张璐, 王韵, 徐建龙. 水稻剑叶小维管束数基因SVN7的鉴定与克隆[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1364-1372.
[8] 刘昕萌, 任昊, 张继波, 张吉旺, 赵斌, 任佰朝, 刘鹏, 王洪章. 茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)缓解高温影响玉米雌穗分化的生理机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1561-1572.
[9] 王壮壮, 武紫君, 张永新, 张芯源, 袁丽雪, 陈如雪, 刘世举, 段剑钊, 冯伟, 王同朝, 王永华. 豫东南黏壤潮土区水氮优化协同提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521.
[10] 张鸿蓉, 王菲儿, 李盼, 仇海龙, 朱静, 赵连豪, 南运有, 何蔚, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 柴强, 殷文. 减量20%灌水与25%有机肥替代化肥提高青贮玉米产量的光合特性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1487-1500.
[11] 王宇诚, 张露, 刘阿康, 黄见良, 彭少兵, 袁珅. 基于产量差的作物大面积单产提升策略与展望[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1279-1290.
[12] 赵佳雪, 周龙昊, 郭岂源, 尚伦霄, 王涵, 刘志涛, 陈曦, 张晓佩, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽. 长期秸秆还田与深松通过改善土壤环境与棉花光合特性提高滨海盐碱地棉花产量[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1548-1560.
[13] 郭星宇, 胡丹, 林苏期, 王梦凯, 谭文峰, 黄传琴. 生物炭配施化肥提高玉米‖大豆下玉米产量和土壤生态系统多功能性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1536-1547.
[14] 蔡宏玮, 于爱忠, 姜科强, 王鹏飞, 王玉珑, 霍建喆, 庞小能, 尹波, 尚永盼. 干旱灌区有机肥替代部分化肥促进甜玉米产量提升的关键机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1166-1180.
[15] 崔雪梅, 柳妍娣, 刘景辉, 米俊珍, 武俊英, 赵宝平. 不同基因型燕麦强弱势粒生理特性与产量关系研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1220-1235.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备15008789号-2