氮素实时管理对冬小麦产量和氮素利用的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01578

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为实现氮素效率和小麦产量的协同提高，以山东省泰安市和兖州市为试验地点，连续2年在4个田块上进行了基于土壤硝态氮测试的氮素实时管理试验。与农民习惯施肥相比，优化施氮处理提高产量0.87%~10.44%，平均5.82%；而氮肥用量减少38.61%~53.29%，平均46.70%；氮素吸收效率、氮素表观利用率和氮素农学效率分别增加36.67%~85.69%、58.49%~267.69%和34.16%~410.58%；氮肥偏生产力升高74.23%~124.87%；产/投比提高78.50%~112.09%。说明应用土壤硝态氮测试进行小麦氮肥实时实地管理达到了减少氮肥用量，提高氮素利用效率，增加产量和经济效益的目的。

关键词: 小麦, 硝态氮, 产量, 氮素利用率

Abstract: Heavy nitrogen (N) fertilization is traditionally accepted by farmers in high-yielding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. This fertilization strategy not only results in low N use efficiency and environmental pollution but also restricts to achieve high yield potentials of wheat cultivars. Site-specific N management is based on an in-season assessment of nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N) in soil and the required N quantity of wheat. Although the optimal N application rate during wheat growth period has been widely studied, including in-season N fertilization management, there is no an applicable fertilization scheme based on NO₃^--N monitoring for wheat fields with yield higher than 7500 kg ha^-¹. In this study, four locations from typical high-yielding regions in Tai’an and Yanzhou of Shangdong province, China were selected as experimental sites, and local wheat cultivars were planted for treatments of in-season optimized N management (OPT) and farmer’s traditional fertilization (FR) under two growing seasons. According to yield target of 7 500 kg ha^-¹, the N supply amount in OPT treatment was defined as pure N of 150 kg ha^-¹ from sowing to jointing and 210 kg ha^-¹ from jointing to maturity. A total of 125.1–155.5 kg ha^-¹ and 125.9–164.4 kg ha^-¹of N fertilizer were used in 2004 and 2005 year, respectively. In FR treatments, approximately 267.8 kg ha^-¹ of N was applied, which was higher than that of OPT treatment by 38.61%–53.29%. Grain yield of OPT treatment was higher than that of FR treatment by 0.87%–10.44% with an average of 5.82%. Compared with FR treatment, OPT treatment had higher levels of several indices of N utilization. For instance, N uptake efficiency increased by 36.67%–85.69%, N recovery efficiency increased by 58.49%–267.69%, N agronomy efficiency increased by 34.16%–410.58%, and N partial factor productivity increased by 74.23%–124.87%. The value/cost ratio in OPT treatment was larger than that in FR treatment by 78.50%–112.09%. These results suggested that in-season N management strategy based on soil nitrate N test may reduce N application rate, increase N use efficiency, grain yield, and value/cost ratio in wheat.

Key words: Wheat, Nitrate nitrogen, yield, Nitrogen use efficiency

叶优良,黄玉芳,刘春生,曲日涛,宋海燕. 氮素实时管理对冬小麦产量和氮素利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(09): 1578-1584.

XIE You-Liang, HUANG Yu-Fang, LIU Chun-Sheng, QU Ri-Tao, SONG Hai-Yan. Effect of in-Season Nitrogen Management on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36(09): 1578-1584.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01578

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2010/V36/I09/1578

参考文献

[1] Zhao R F, Chen X P, Zhang F S, Zhang H L, Schroderb J, Römheldc V. Fertilization and nitrogen balance in wheat-maize rotation system in North China
[J].Agron J
[2] Cui Z-L(崔振岭), Chen X-P(陈新平), Zhang F-S(张福锁), Xu J-F(徐久飞), Shi L-W(石立委), Li J-L(李俊良). Analysis on fertilizer applied and the central factors influencing grain yield of wheat in the northern China plain. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin (华北农学报), 2008, 23(suppl): 224-229 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] Zhang F-S(张福锁), Cui Z-L(崔振岭), Wang J-Q(王激清), Li C-J(李春俭), Chen X-P(陈新平). Current status of soil and plant nutrient management in China and improvement strategies. Chin Bull Bot (植物学通报), 2007, 24: 687-694 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] Drinkewater L E, Snap S S. Nutrients in agroecosystems: Rethinking and the management paradigm
[J].Adv Agron
[5] Subedi K D, Ma B L, Xue A G. Planting date and nitrogen effects on Fusarium head blight and leaf spotting disease in spring wheat
[J].Agron J
[6] Chen X P, Zhang F S, Römheld V, Horlacher D, Schulz R, Böning-Zilkens M, Wang P, Claupein W. Synchronizing N supply from soil and fertilizer and N demand of winter wheat by an improved Nmin method
[J].Nutr Cycling Agroecosyst
[7] Cui Z L, Zhang F S, Chen X P, Dou Z X, Li J L. In-season nitrogen management strategy for winter wheat: Maximizing yields, minimizing environmental impact in an over-fertilization context
[J].Field Crops Res
[8] Zhao R-F(赵荣芳), Chen X-P(陈新平), Zhang F-S(张福锁). Study on nitrogen optimized management at different stage of winter wheat based on nutrient balance and soil test. Chin Agric Sci Bull (中国农学通报), 2005, 21: 211-215 (in Chinese with Enlgish abstract)
[9] Chen S-Y(陈世勇), Tan Q-J(谭庆军), Zhao R-F(赵荣芳), Sun Q-P(孙钦平),Chen X-P(陈新平), Zhang F-S(张福锁). Optimization of the N fertilizer management of silage corn based on soil mineral nitrogen test. Acta Pratacult Sin (草业学报), 2008, 17(3): 156-161 (in Chinese with Enlgish abstract)
[10] Cui Z L, Zhang F S, Chen X P, Miao Y X, Li J L , Shi L W, Xu J F, Ye Y L, Liu C S ,Yang Z P, Zhang Q, Huang S M, Bao D J. On-farm evaluation of an in-season nitrogen management strategy based on soil Nmin test
[J].Field Crop Res
[11] Cui Z L, Chen X P, Miao Y X, Zhang F S, Sun Q P, Schroder J, Zhang H L, Li J L, Shi L W, Xu J F, Ye Y L, Liu C S,Yang Z P, Zhang Q, Huang S M, Bao D J. On-farm evaluation of the Improved soil Nmin-based nitrogen management for summer maize in North China Plain. Agron J, 2008, 100: 516-524
[12] Zhang F-S(张福锁), Ma W-Q (马文奇), Chen X-P(陈新平). Theory and Technology of Integrated Nutrient Resources Management (养分资源综合管理理论与技术概论). Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2006 (in Chinese)
[13] Zhao R-F(赵荣芳), Meng Q-F(孟庆锋), Cui Z-L(崔振岭), Cao N(曹宁), Chen X-P(陈新平). The effect of phosphorus optimized management method on grain quality of winter wheat. Chin Agric Sci Bull (中国农学通报), 2009, 25(17): 158-161 (in Chinese with Enlgish abstract)
[14] Song H-Y(宋海燕), Ye Y-L(叶优良), Qu R-T(曲日涛). Study on grain crop production and chemical fertilizer application in Shandong province. Chin Agric Sci Bull (中国农学通报), 2005, 21(9): 380-385 (in Chinese with Enlgish abstract)
[15] Lu R-K(鲁如坤). Analytical Methods for Soil Agrochemistry (土壤农业化学分析方法). Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2000 (in Chinese)
[16] He P, Li S T, Jin J Y, Wang H T, Li C J, Wang Y L, Cui R Z . Performance of an optimized nutrient management system for double-cropped wheat-maize rotations in North-Central China
[J].Agron J
[17] Zhao R-F(赵荣芳), Chen X-P(陈新平), Zhang F-S(张福锁). Nitrogen cycling and balance in winter wheat/summer maize rotation system in North China Plain. Acta Pedol Sin(土壤学报), 2009, 46(14): 684-697 (in Chinese with Enlgish abstract)
[18] Ju X-T(巨晓棠), Liu X-J(刘学军), Zhang F-S(张福锁). Study on effect of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen balance in winter wheat and summer maize rotation system. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2002, 35(11): 1361-1368 (in Chinese with Enlgish abstract)
[19] Wang X-N(王西娜), Wang Z-H(王朝辉), Li S-X(李生秀). Soil nitrogen balance in winter wheat and summer maize rotation system on dryland of Loess Plateau. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2006, 12(6): 759-764 (in Chinese with Enlgish abstract)
[20] Shi Y(石玉), Yu Z-W(于振文). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and ratio of base and topdressing on yield of wheat, content of soil nitrate and nitrogen balance. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 2006, 26(11): 3661-3669 (in Chinese with Enlgish abstract)
[21] Chu M-G(初明光), Wang J-Q(王激清), Ma W-Q(马文奇), Zhang F-S(张福锁). Analysis of fertilizer application on grain crops in Shandong province
[J].Soi & Fert (土壤肥料.2006, (2):12-15
[22] Ma W-Q(马文奇), Mao D-R(毛达如), Zhang F-S(张福锁). Evaluation of fertilizer application for grain crop in Shandong province. Chin J Soil Sci 土壤通报), 1999, 30(5): 217-220 (in Chinese with Enlgish abstract)
[23] Cui Z-L(崔振岭), Chen X-P(陈新平), Zhang F-S(张福锁), Xu J-F(徐久飞), Shi L-W(石立委), Li J-L(李俊良). Appropriate soil nitrate N content for a winter wheat/summer rotation system in North China Plain. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 2007, 18(10): 2227-2232 (in Chinese with Enlgish abstract)
[24] Peng S-B(彭少兵), Huang J-L(黄见良), Zhong X-H(钟旭华), Yang J-C(杨建昌), Wang G-H(王光火), Zou Y-B(邹应斌), Zhang F-S(张福锁), Zhu Q-S(朱庆森), Buresh R, Witt C. Research strategy in improving fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated rice in China. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2002, 35(9): 1095-1103 (in Chinese with Enlgish abstract)

相关文章 15

[1]	翟胜男, 曹新有, 李豪圣, 李吉虎, 李法计, 刘金栋, 夏先春, 吕莹莹, 马瑞峰, 王颖, 耿洪伟, 刘建军. 小麦Pod-A1、Pod-D1和Pod-2D位点等位变异对籽粒过氧化物酶活性的遗传效应分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1593-1603.
[2]	习千辉, 徐梓瑗, 刘梦梦, 王宏艺, 郎凯琳, 井震海, 陈锋, 赵磊. 小麦籽粒铜含量的全基因组关联分析及候选基因预测[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1604-1617.
[3]	毛嘉琦, 黄朋雨, 赵佳佳, 郑兴卫, 武棒棒, 郝宇琼, 屈非, 刘成, 马朋涛, 郑军. 山西小麦品种白粉病抗性评价及抗病基因分子检测[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1669-1681.
[4]	胡川, 赵凯男, 黄修利, 吴金芝, 任开明, 王贺正, 付国占, 黄明, 李友军. 一次灌溉下耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1830-1846.
[5]	陈雪燕, 何华川, 李政嘉, 董新盼, 李藕琪, 刘小云, 李丹萍, 陈志伟, 刘国霞, 吕胜源, 吴印莹, 赵振东, 曹新有, 万何平. 水培盐碱复合胁迫下‘济麦60’苗期根系有机酸分泌动态变化及其转录调控机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1859-1875.
[6]	高沛阳, 李瑾璇, 董宇奎, 石玉, 张振, 张永丽. 测墒补灌下小麦分蘖发生和成穗对施氮量的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1847-1858.
[7]	马胜乾, 王志平, 陈浩天, 窦淑贤, 张燕, 邓艾兴, 张卫建, 原向阳, 宋振伟. 秸秆还田下耕作方式与氮肥施用量对东北玉米产量及土壤团聚体的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1802-1816.
[8]	张献丰, 郭利建, 李康春, 孔斌雪, 刘玉芳, 车卓, 杨德龙. 小麦ABHD6基因家族鉴定与粒重功能标记开发[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1711-1727.
[9]	张宁宁, 滕雨菲, 任娜娜, 魏兴卓, 闫书豪, 樊可心, 王永宏, 陈文康, 张兴华, 朱万超, 徐淑兔, 薛吉全. 201份玉米自交系抗旱表型评价及可塑性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1309-1325.
[10]	张思思, 赵向辉, 周洋, 姚云凤, 朱荣昱, 董元杰, 胡国庆, 徐通, 刘兆新. 冬闲期翻耕和绿肥还田对连作花生田土壤理化性质和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1472-1486.
[11]	王壮壮, 武紫君, 张永新, 张芯源, 袁丽雪, 陈如雪, 刘世举, 段剑钊, 冯伟, 王同朝, 王永华. 豫东南黏壤潮土区水氮优化协同提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521.
[12]	刘昕萌, 任昊, 张继波, 张吉旺, 赵斌, 任佰朝, 刘鹏, 王洪章. 茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)缓解高温影响玉米雌穗分化的生理机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1561-1572.
[13]	张鸿蓉, 王菲儿, 李盼, 仇海龙, 朱静, 赵连豪, 南运有, 何蔚, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 柴强, 殷文. 减量20%灌水与25%有机肥替代化肥提高青贮玉米产量的光合特性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1487-1500.
[14]	王宇诚, 张露, 刘阿康, 黄见良, 彭少兵, 袁珅. 基于产量差的作物大面积单产提升策略与展望[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1279-1290.
[15]	赵佳雪, 周龙昊, 郭岂源, 尚伦霄, 王涵, 刘志涛, 陈曦, 张晓佩, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽. 长期秸秆还田与深松通过改善土壤环境与棉花光合特性提高滨海盐碱地棉花产量[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1548-1560.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed