作物学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (08): 1315-1323.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01315
• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 下一篇
张伟伟1,何春梅2,张举仁1,*
ZHANG Wei-Wei1,HE Chun-Mei2,ZHANG Ju-Ren1,*
摘要: 甜菜碱是细胞内重要的渗透调节物质,其积累能有效提高植物对非生物逆境的抗性。以转betA基因小麦和未转基因的野生型为材料,在灌浆期模拟干热风胁迫处理植株3 d,研究干热风对植株生长和籽粒产量的影响。胁迫处理后,转基因植株保持较好长势,叶片青枯失水较少,旗叶持绿面积显著大于野生型。各株系植株的光合作用能力和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)及蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性在胁迫处理后都下降,转基因植株的净光合速率下降到2.3~3.7 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1,而野生型下降到1.2 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1;野生型植株的SPS和SS活性的下降幅度分别为处理前56.8%和53.9%, 而转基因株系的下降幅度分别为62.3%~69.8%和56.5%~64.5%。干热风胁迫使得各株系植株的旗叶甜菜碱含量升高,但转基因株系的叶片甜菜碱含量比野生型的高18%~87%。在甜菜碱保护作用下,转基因植株在胁迫条件下能够维持较高的光合速率,合成较多的碳水化合物,使得百粒重和单株产量均高于野生型。因此,通过转betA基因可显著提高小麦在干热风处理条件下的甜菜碱含量从而增强其抗干热风能力。
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