“三定”栽培对双季超级稻养分吸收积累及氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.02194

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨南方双季超级稻对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收积累及利用规律，于2008—2010年在湖南长沙和浏阳以超级早稻陆两优996、陵两优268和超级晚稻丰源优299、天优华占为材料进行大田定位试验，比较了“三定”栽培、免耕摆栽和传统栽培条件下双季超级稻不同生育期植株体内氮、磷、钾吸收积累特点及氮肥利用率。与传统栽培相比，“三定”栽培双季超级稻生长前期(分蘖中期)氮、磷、钾的吸收量较低，幼穗分化期差异甚小，而齐穗期(早季平均为10.71、2.23和11.82 g m^-2，晚季平均为12.25、2.69和16.37 g m^-2)和成熟期(早季平均为13.61、3.01和13.71 g m^-2，晚季平均为17.16、3.31和18.31 g m^-2)较高；氮肥的偏生产力(平均为53.40 kg kg^-1)、吸收利用率(平均为55.98%)、农学利用率(平均为22.27 kg kg^-1)较高，分别提高29.00%、88.92%和46.67%。免耕摆栽双季超级稻不同生育时期氮、磷、钾的吸收特点与“三定”栽培相似，但其氮肥的偏生产力、吸收利用率和农学利用率(平均为50.24 kg kg^-1、52.75%、19.33 kg kg^-1)分别比“三定”栽培降低6.29%、6.12%和15.19%。由此可见，双季超级稻生产采用“三定”栽培技术有利于提高氮肥利用率。

关键词: 超级稻, 养分吸收, 氮肥利用率, 栽培

Abstract: To determine the uptake and utilization pattern of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in double cropping super rice, we conducted a field experiment in Changsha and Liuyang city, Hunan province, China during 2008–2010. N, P, and K uptake and utilization of super early rice Luliangyou 996 and Lingliangyou 268 and super late rice Tianyouhuazhan and Fengyuanyou 299 were compared among “Sanding” cultivation method (quantify the target yield, quantify the population indexes and quantify the cultivation techniques), no-tillage and seedling broadcasting, and traditional cultivation method. Compared with traditional cultivation method, N, P and K accumulations by “Sanding” cultivation method were less at mid-tillering, almost the same at panicle initiation, and more at full heading (average amount of N, P and K uptake was 10.71, 2.23, and 11.82 g m^-2 in early rice, and 12.25, 2.69, and 16.37 g m^-2 in late rice, respectively) and maturity (average amount of N, P and K uptake was 13.61, 3.01, and 13.71 g m^-2 in early rice, and 17.16, 3.31, and 18.31 g m^-2 in late rice, respectively). Average nitrogen use efficiency with “Sanding” cultivation method [53.40 kg kg^-1, 55.98%, and 22.27 kg kg^-1 of partial factor productivity, nitrogen recovery efficiency (RE_N) and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (AE_N), respectively] was higher than that with traditional cultivation method by 29.00%, 88.20%, and 46.67%, respectively. N, P and K accumulation by “Sanding” cultivation method was similar to that by no-tillage and seedling broadcasting. However, average partial factor productivity, RE_N and AE_Nwith “Sanding” cultivation method were 6.29%, 6.12%, and 15.19% higher than those with no-tillage and seedling broadcasting, respectively. Thus, nitrogen use efficiency could be improved by adoption of “Sanding” cultivation method in double rice production in South China.

Key words: Super rice, Nutrient absorption, Nitrogen use efficiency, Cultivation

蒋鹏, 黄敏, Md. Ibrahim, 曾燕, 夏冰, 施婉菊, 谢小兵, 邹应斌. “三定”栽培对双季超级稻养分吸收积累及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(12): 2194-2207.

JIANG Peng, HUANG Min, Md. Ibrahim, CENG Yan, JIA Bing, SHI Wan-Ju, XIE Xiao-Bing, JU Ying-Bin. Effects of “Sanding” Cultivation Method on Nutrient Uptake and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Double Cropping Super Rice[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(12): 2194-2207.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.02194

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2011/V37/I12/2194

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