不同胚乳类型玉米籽粒淀粉粒的粒度分布特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01723

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以超甜玉米(华威6号)、爆裂玉米(特爆2号)、糯玉米(西星黄糯6号)及普通玉米(郑单958)为材料，利用激光衍射粒度分析仪及投射电镜，分析其籽粒淀粉粒粒度分布特征。结果表明，玉米淀粉粒体积分布均为三峰曲线。粒径<2 μm淀粉粒所占的体积最小；>15 μm玉米淀粉粒所占体积较大(超甜2~15 μm淀粉粒体积占的比例最大)。淀粉粒平均粒径为糯>爆裂>普通>超甜。单粒重及总淀粉含量与>2 μm的淀粉粒体积百分比显著相关；其他籽粒品质与淀粉粒分布相关性不显著。普通及超甜玉米淀粉粒大多呈圆形，淀粉粒折叠的花纹多，普通玉米淀粉粒排布稀疏，脂滴含量较丰富，超甜淀粉粒分布非常松散，脂滴较少；爆裂玉米淀粉粒相互挤压成长条形或方形，淀粉粒折叠的花纹粗大，数量少，淀粉粒排布非常致密，脂滴含量非常丰富；糯玉米淀粉粒呈圆形或椭圆形，淀粉粒折叠成的花纹浅且少，淀粉粒分布致密，脂滴含量丰富。由扫描图片知，普通、超甜及糯玉米淀粉粒呈球形，普通玉米凹陷的淀粉粒数量少；糯玉米淀粉粒大小均匀，具凹陷的淀粉粒数量大；超甜玉米淀粉粒表面分布了许多网状结构，淀粉粒未见凹陷，淀粉粒及淀粉粒之间的填充物未充满整个细胞；爆裂玉米淀粉粒为多面体，有凹陷的淀粉粒极少。

关键词: 玉米, 淀粉粒, 胚乳

Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) kernel dry weight contains about 70% starch. Many studies have focused on the effects of sowing date, variety and nitrogen top-dressing on starch granule distribution in single variety or two varieties. But starch granule size distribution in grains of different endosperm types of maize has not been clear yet. Four maize varieties including super-sweet corn (Huawei 6), popcorn (Tebao 2), waxy corn (Xixinghuangnuo 6) and dent corn (Zhengdan 958) were used to study the starch granule size distribution and the starch granule arrangement in grains by laser diffraction grain size analyzer, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that distribution of starch granules volume in grains of the maizes were changed in a triple humped curve. The volume proportion of starch granules with diameter lower than 2 μm was the least, while that with diameterhigher than 15 μm was the more (that with diameter from 2 to 15 μm in super-sweet corn grain was the most). The average diameter showed following order: the waxy>the pop>the dent >the super sweet. Correlation analysis indicated that the grain weight and starch content were significantly correlated with the volume percentage of starch granules with diameter higher than 2 μm; while the contents of protein, amino acid, crude fat and test weight had no correlation with volume of starch granule with all size ranges. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the starch granules in grains ofdent and super sweet corn were rotund mostly, with a great deal of drapes. Starch granule arrangement of dent corn was sparse, with abundant lipid droplet, while that of super sweet corn was very sparse; with rich lipid droplet. The starch granule in grains of pop corn was square and oblong, and extruded one another, with thick and skimp drapes , with was highly compact with abundant lipid droplet. The starch granule in grains of way corn was rotund and elliptic, with low and skimp drapes, compact arrangement and abundant lipid droplets. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the starch granules in grains of dent, super sweet and waxy corn were spherical. A small quantity of depressed starch granules were demonstrated in dent corn, while none of depressed starch granules were detected in super sweet corn with reticulate configuration in surface of starch granules. Moreover the cell did not be filled with starch granules and filling agent. The starch granule was polyhedral in pop corn with a very few depressed starch granules.

Key words: Maize (Zea mays L.), Starch granule, Endosperm

崔丽娜，张红，孟佳佳，石德杨，董树亭. 不同胚乳类型玉米籽粒淀粉粒的粒度分布特征[J]. 作物学报, 2012, 38(09): 1723-1727.

CUI Li-Na,ZHANG Hai-Yan,MENG Jia-Jia,SHI De-Yang,ZHANG Hong,DONG Shu-Ting. Starch Granule Size Distribution in Grains of Maize with Different Endosperm Types[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38(09): 1723-1727.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01723

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2012/V38/I09/1723

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