弱光胁迫对不同基因型玉米雌雄花发育和授粉结实能力的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.02065

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以不耐阴型玉米豫玉22和耐阴型玉米郑单958为试验材料，设置自然光照和弱光胁迫两个处理，研究弱光胁迫对不同基因型玉米雌雄花发育的影响。研究结果表明，弱光胁迫延缓了雌雄穗的生长发育，表现为抽雄、吐丝和盛花期延迟，花期和雌雄间隔期延长。弱光胁迫下，在吐丝期不耐阴型玉米花粉量比对照显著增加，耐阴型玉米花粉量与对照差异较小；不耐阴型玉米花粉表面网纹在弱光胁迫下变粗且间隙增大，花粉萌发孔及其附近严重畸形，有的明显内陷，花粉内淀粉粒数目显著减少，营养供应能力减弱，耐阴型玉米在弱光胁迫下花粉表面网纹略有加粗或没有变化，萌发孔略微凹陷且程度远低于不耐阴型玉米，花粉中淀粉粒密度略有降低。遮光处理后，不耐阴型玉米的花粉活力、花粉萌发率和萌发速率表现为下降，而耐阴型玉米表现为上升。花丝的生长速率及伸出苞叶数量在弱光胁迫下显著下降，果穗上部花丝受到的影响最大，向下逐渐减弱。弱光胁迫下两个基因型玉米穗长和穗粒数减少，不耐阴型玉米受弱光胁迫影响的程度高于耐阴型玉米。雌雄间隔期延长、营养供应能力减弱导致的花粉畸形、花丝生长速率和可授粉花丝数目的减少以及籽粒IAA含量的下降和ABA含量的增加是弱光条件下玉米穗粒数显著减少的主要原因。

关键词: 玉米, 弱光胁迫, 光恢复, 基因型, 穗粒数

Abstract:

A split plot experiment was conducted under field conditions to study the effects of low-light stress on the ear and tassel development, pollination and seed-setting rate using two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids (low light sensitive hybrid Yuyu22 and low light tolerant hybrid Zhengdan958). Low-light stress from three days before tasselling to ten days after silking was obtained using 50% transmittance shading nets. The results showed that low-light stress caused a slowdown of ear and tassel growth and development rate, delayed the tasselling date, silking date and full flowering date, prolonged the anthesis-silking interval (ASI). Daily pollen quantity was higher under low-light stress than that of the control at silking with a larger difference compared with the low light sensitive hybrid. For the low light sensitive hybrid under low light stress, reticula and gaps in the surface of pollen were increased, pollen aperture and its near part were severely deformed with significantly retraction, nutrient supply was reduced due to the reduction of starch grains in the pollen. While for the low light tolerant hybrid under low light stress, pollen surface characters were similar to those of the control, with a little retraction of the pollen aperture and decrease of starch grain density in the pollen. Under low light stress, pollen activity, pollen emergence rate and pollen tube growth rate of the low light sensitive hybrid decreased while those of the low light tolerant hybrid increased. Silk elongation rate and number of silks emerged from the husks were decreased and decreased more in the ear tip than in the ear base. Ear length and kernel number per ear decreased in both hybrids and decreased more in low light sensitive hybrid. Prolonged ASI, deformed pollen, reduction of nutrient supply in pollen, decreased silk elongation rate and number of silks emerged from the husks, and the decrease of kernel IAA content and the increase of kernel ABA content were the primary causes leading to the reduction of ear kernel number.

Key words: Maize, Low-light stress, Light recovery, Genotype, Kernel number

周卫霞,王秀萍,穆心愿,李潮海. 弱光胁迫对不同基因型玉米雌雄花发育和授粉结实能力的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(11): 2065-2073.

ZHOU Wei-Xia,WANG Xiu-Ping,MU Xin-Yuan,LI Chao-Hai. Effects of Low-light Stress on Male and Female Flower Development and Pollination and Fructification Ability of Different Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39(11): 2065-2073.

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