不同轮回选择方法对玉米窄基群体的改良效果

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01895

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用轮回选择进行群体改良，是玉米种质扩增与改良的有效方法，能为选育优良自交系提供基本素材，进而提高选育自交系及杂交种的效率。本研究以玉米窄基群体P4C0及其经过不同轮回选择方法改良的10个群体为材料，通过多点田间表型鉴定和配合力测定，研究不同轮回选择方法对玉米窄基群体的改良效果，利用SSR分子标记分析不同轮回选择方法对群体遗传多样性的影响。结果表明，几种轮回选择方法都能有效改良群体的主要性状及其一般配合力(GCA)。以时间计算，控制双亲混合选择(MS)对群体P4C0主要性状及其GCA改良效果优于半同胞-S2:3(HS-S2:3)轮回选择，但在株高和穗位高的改良上，HS-S2:3选择效果较好。以轮次计算，开放改良对群体P4HSC1主要性状及其GCA的改良效果优于MS，但开放改良后，群体株高和穗位高有较大幅度的增加。不同轮回选择方法对群体遗传多样性和遗传结构的影响不尽一致。P4C0经过5轮MS后，在群体改良的低代，群体遗传多样性得到了较好的保持，而多代的改良导致群体遗传多样性下降；P4C0经过1轮HS-S2:3选择后，遗传多样性比P4C0有较大幅度的下降。P4HSC1经过1轮开放改良后，遗传多样性有较大幅度的增加。P4HSC1经过3轮MS改良后，群体遗传多样性呈增大的趋势，但每轮增加的幅度均较小。

关键词: 玉米, 群体, 轮回选择, 性状, 配合力, 遗传多样性

Abstract:

The narrow basis of maize germplasm is the main factor blocked the development of maize breeding in China. The population improvement via recurrent selection is one of effective methods for the improvement and expansion of maize germplasm. In this study, three kinds of recurrent selection methods were carried out to improve the narrow base maize population P4C0: a) five cycles of biparental mass selection (MS); b) one cycle of half-sib and S2:3 family combining selection (HS-S2:3) followed by three cycles of MS; and c) one cycle of open improvement (OI) by crossing two inbred lines to the population. In different ecological environments, the phenotypes of the developed populations were analyzed and the combining abilities were tested according to an incomplete diallel model to study the effects of the different methods. The effects of the different methods on genetic diversity of the populations were also analyzed by using 51 pairs of SSR markers. It was found that the effects of different methods on the main traits, general combing ability (GCA) and the genetic diversity were different. The effects of MS on yield, yield components and their GCAs were greater than these of HS-S2:3. In addition, MS was more effective on maintaining the genetic diversity of the population. The HS-S2:3 were more beneficial to maintain plant height and ear height of the population. The OI was more effective on the improvement of yield, yield components and their GCAs than MS. Genetic diversity was maintained in the first two cycles of MS on P4C0 then decreased slightly from the 3rd cycle. Genetic diversity decreased after one cycle of HS-S2:3 and increased after 3 cycles of MS or 1 cycle of OI.

Key words: Maize, Population, Recurrent selection, Traits, Combining ability, Genetic diversity

李芦江,兰海,潘光堂,杨克诚. 不同轮回选择方法对玉米窄基群体的改良效果[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(11): 1895-1904.

LI Lu-Jiang,LAN Hai,PAN Guang-Tang,YANG Ke-Cheng. Effect of Different Recurrent Selection Methods on a Narrow Base Maize Population[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40(11): 1895-1904.

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