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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 460-468.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84002

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

光温处理对小豆苗期生理性状及叶绿素合成前体的影响

何宁1,王雪扬1,曹良子1,曹大为1,洛育1,姜连子2,孟英1,冷春旭1,唐晓东1,李一丹1,万书明1,卢环1,程须珍3,*()   

  1. 1 黑龙江省农业科学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150086
    2 东北农业大学食品学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
    3 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京100081
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-04 接受日期:2018-12-24 出版日期:2019-03-12 网络出版日期:2019-01-05
  • 通讯作者: 程须珍
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由农业部引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)项目(2015-Z54);国家现代农业(食用豆)产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-08-G8)

Effects of photoperiods and temperatures on physiological characteristics and chlorophyll synthesis precursors of adzuki bean seedlings

Ning HE1,Xue-Yang WANG1,Liang-Zi CAO1,Da-Wei CAO1,Yu LUO1,Lian-Zi JIANG2,Ying MENG1,Chun-Xu LENG1,Xiao-Dong TANG1,Yi-Dan LI1,Shu-Ming WAN1,Huan LU1,Xu-Zhen CHENG3,*()   

  1. 1 Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
    2 Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
    3 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-01-04 Accepted:2018-12-24 Published:2019-03-12 Published online:2019-01-05
  • Contact: Xu-Zhen CHENG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Program of Introducing International Super Agricultural Science and Technology (948 Program)(2015-Z54);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-08-G8)

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摘要：

探讨不同低温和光照条件下小豆苗期的冷害发生机制及引起初生叶黄化和叶绿素合成的受阻位点, 旨在为小豆耐寒新品种选育及栽培提供理论依据。选择2个对温度和光照反应不同的日本小豆品种, 利用人工气候室再现小豆苗期的低温障碍, 研究低温遮光处理(昼夜10~13°C, 2%遮光) 18 d和28 d对小豆苗期H2O2、SOD、CAT、APX、叶绿素的影响; 利用植物生长箱再现小豆苗期的黄化障碍, 研究不同的低温处理长度(1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d; 10°C, 50 μmol m -2s -1)和暗处理长度(25°C, 黑暗1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d)对绿化后(24 h、25°C、62.5 μmol m -2s -1)叶绿素合成能力及受阻位点的影响。苗期小豆耐低温和不耐低温品种的最大差异是长期低温遮光处理的H2O2含量和SOD活性。长期低温遮光处理后不耐低温品种的H2O2含量是耐低温品种的约66倍, 但随着绿化处理时间的延长, 抗氧化酶活性和叶绿素含量急剧下降直至8 h后消失。与低温处理相比, 暗处理才是造成叶绿素合成能力差异的主要原因。对叶绿素合成中间产物的研究表明, 从ALA向Proto IX的转化可能受阻, 最终导致叶绿素合成受阻, 叶绿素含量下降。说明H2O2含量和SOD活性可能与小豆苗期耐冷性关系更密切。引起小豆苗期叶绿素合成受阻位点是Proto IX的转化。

关键词: 小豆, 光温处理, 抗氧化酶, 叶绿素合成

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to discuss the mechanism of chilling injury and the blocked site of chlorophyll synthesis in primary leaf, providing theoretical basis for breeding and cultivation of cold-resistant cultivars. Two Japanese adzuki bean varieties with different temperature and light reactions were used to study the effects of short-term (18 d) and long-term (28 d) low temperature shading treatments (10-13°C, 2% shading) on H2O2, SOD, CAT, APX, and Chl of seedlings in the artificial climate chamber, and the effects of the treatment durations of low temperature (1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 10°C, 50 μmol m -2 s -1) and dark (25°C, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d) under chlorophyll synthesis blocked site (25°C, and under illumiation at 62.5 μmol m -2 s -1for 24 h). The content of H2O2 and activity of SOD had significant difference between cold resistant and susceptible varieties during seedling stage. The content of H2O2 in susceptible variety was 66 folds of the resistant one, and with the greening treatment antioxidant activity and content of chlorophyll were rapidly dropped until totally vanished after 8 h. The main cause of difference in chlorophyll synthesis between the two varieties was the dark treatment but not the low temperature treatment. It was suggested that the transformation from δ-ALA to Proto IX might be blocked in chloroplast stroma, which eventually inhibited chlorophyll synthesis and decreased chlorophyll content. It is suggested that H2O2 content and SOD activity may be more closely related to the cold tolerance of adzuki bean at seedling stage. The transformation of Proto IX is the blocking site in chlorophyll synthesis which causes etiolated seedlings of adzuki bean.

Key words: adzuki bean, light temperature treatment, antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll synthesis

表1

4种栽培模式在小豆苗期的不同光温处理"

栽培模式
Cultivation mode		 出苗条件
Seedling conditions		 苗期光照和低温处理
Illumination and low temperature treatment at seedling stage		 绿化处理
Greening treatments
温度
Temp. (°C)		 光照Illumination 温度
Temp. (°C)		 光照
Illumination
(μmol m-2 s-1)		 处理时间
Treatment
time (d)		 温度
Temp. (°C)		 光照
Illumination
(μmol m-2 s-1)		 处理时间
Treatment time (h)
I 20-25 Dark 10-13 72% shading 18, 28 20-25 Natural light 3, 8, 28
II 25 Dark 10 50 1, 3, 5, 7 25 62.5 24
III 25 Dark 25 Dark 1, 3, 5, 7 25 62.5 24
IV 25 Dark 25 Dark 7 25 62.5 0, 6, 12, 24

图1

低温遮光处理后绿化恢复情况 A: 低温处理18 d绿化0 h; B: 低温处理18 d绿化3 h; C: 低温处理18 d绿化8 h; D: 低温处理18 d绿化28 h; E: 低温处理28 d绿化0小时; F: 低温处理28 d绿化3 h; G: 低温处理28 d绿化8 h; H: 低温处理28 d绿化28 h。"

表2

小豆苗期不同低温、绿化处理后叶片中叶绿素、过氧化氢含量及抗氧化酶活性"

品种
Variety		 低温处理
Low temperature treatment (d)		 绿化处理
Greening treatment (h)		 Chl 含量
Chlorophyll content (μg g-1)		 H2O2含量
H2O2 content
(mmol kg-1 FW)		 SOD活性
SOD activity
(Unit mg-1)		 APX 活性
APX activity
(μmol min-1 mg-1)		 CAT 活性
CAT activity
(μmol min-1 mg-1)
赤根大纳言 18 0 32.1±2.0 cC 0.640±0.12 eD 0.0116±0.000 gG 0.166±0.03 bcAB 0.209±0.02 dE
Akanedainagon 3 32.5±5.0 cC 1.838±0.31 dD 0.0296±0.002 bB 0.191±0.02 abAB 0.675±0.13 cDE
8 46.8±2.4 bB 1.541±0.33 deD 0.0306±0.002 aA 0.202±0.00 aA 1.867±0.28 aAB
28 115.6±8.2 aA 0.469±0.10 eD 0.0168±0.001 cC 0.106±0.01 deD 0.927±0.02 bcCD
斑小粒系-1 18 0 12.6±2.3 eD 1.354±0.31 deD 0.0141±0.001 eE 0.157±0.01 cBC 0.794±0.13 cCDE
Buchisyouryukei-1 3 14.7±0.8 deD 7.523±1.51 aA 0.0139±0.001 fF 0.153±0.03 cBC 1.947±0.22 aA
8 22.0±2.3 dCD 5.367±0.56 bB 0.0106±0.001 hH 0.117±0.01 dCD 1.318±0.21 bBC
28 23.2±0.3 dCD 3.759±0.12 cC 0.0166±0.001 dD 0.078±0.01 eD 1.035±0.12 bcCD
赤根大纳言 28 0 19.9±00.3 cBC 0.269±0.01 eE 0.0129±0.001 eE 0.079±0.01 dC 0.413±0.05 eD
Akanedainagon 3 32.6±11.3 bA 0.656±0.01 deDE 0.0353±0.006 bcBC 0.126±0.01 bcdBC 0.703±0.04 cdeBCD
8 38.7±12.8 aA 0.322±0.02 eDE 0.0461±0.002 bAB 0.200±0.00 aA 1.188±0.19 bAB
28 38.8±02.4 aA 0.251±0.00 eE 0.0194±0.000 deCDE 0.139±0.01 bcABC 0.812±0.03 cdBCD
斑小粒系-1 28 0 13.7±0.5 dCD 17.780±0.36 aA 0.0623±0.008 aA 0.089±0.02 cdC 0.544±0.14 deCD
Buchisyouryukei-1 3 13.2±3.2 dD 7.106±0.91 bB 0.0156±0.000 eDE 0.092±0.02 cdC 1.593±0.16 aA
8 0 0 0 0 0
28 0 0 0 0 0

表3

不同的低温和暗处理后小豆初生叶片的叶绿素含量"

日数
Treatment days		 低温处理叶绿素含量
Content of chlorophyll under low temperature treatment		 暗处理叶绿素含量
Content of chlorophyll under shading treatment
赤根大纳言
Akanedainagon		 斑小粒系-1
Buchisyouryukei-1		 赤根大纳言
Akanedainagon		 斑小粒系-1
Buchisyouryukei-1
1 d 645.9±61.7 aA 621.5±50.0 aA 325.7±39.1 aA 419.1±32.4 aA
3 d 612.2±55.8 abA 547.5±49.9 aA 268.0±38.7 bAB 343.7±38.9 bB
5 d 536.6±36.3 bcAB 388.4±39.0 bB 198.9±23.2 cBC 96.7±32.5 cC
7 d 459.3±59.1 cB 299.2±14.0 cB 138.3±7.4 dC 49.1±5.7 cC

表4

暗处理7 d的黄化苗经绿化处理后主要叶绿素前质体的含量"

品种
Variety		 绿化处理
Greening
treatment (h)		 Δ-氨基酮戊酸
ALA		 原卟啉IX
Proto IX		 Mg-原卟啉IX
Mg-Proto IX		 原叶绿素酸
Pchl		 叶绿素
Chl
赤根大纳言 0 1.2±0.3 eE 88.4±2.5 cdCD 9.3±0.8 cC 5.7±0.7 cC 23.4±3.7 dD
Akanedainagon 6 2.6±0.1 dD 103.9±12.1 cBCD 16.7±1.8 cC 10.0±0.9 cC 68.1±7.1 cC
12 4.1±0.8 bBC 157.4±12.3 bB 31.0±8.9 bB 19.8±6.1 bB 142.3±10.5 bB
24 5.1±0.5 aA 353.8±38.2 aA 70.5±12.8 aA 44.5±8.2 aA 227.7±10.5 aA
斑小粒系-1 0 2.5±0.1 dD 124.5±7.4 bcBC 12.9±2.8 cC 8.2±2.0 cC 30.6±0.1 dD
Buchisyouryukei-1 6 3.4±0.1 cC 78.1±13.0 cdCD 11.1±3.6 cC 6.0±1.9 cC 26.2±5.5 dD
12 3.6±0.1 bcC 54.9±5.8 dD 7.8±0.6 cC 4.5±0.4 cC 18.8±1.2 dD
24 4.8±0.1 aAB 48.0±12.8 dD 6.8±1.3 cC 4.0±1.0 cC 17.4±1.0 dD

图2

黄化初生叶的绿化处理对叶绿素合成途径前质体的影响"

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