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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 1535-1543.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.93007

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

冠菌素对玉米籽粒灌浆特性与淀粉合成的调控效应

鱼海跃,韩紫璇,张钰石,段留生,张明才(),李召虎   

  1. 植物生长调节剂教育部工程研究中心 / 中国农业大学农学院, 北京100193
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-12 接受日期:2019-05-12 出版日期:2019-10-12 网络出版日期:2019-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 张明才
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目资助(2017YFD0300410)

Regulation of coronatine on the grain filling characteristics and starch synthesis in maize kernels

YU Hai-Yue,HAN Zi-Xuan,ZHANG Yu-Shi,DUAN Liu-Sheng,ZHANG Ming-Cai(),LI Zhao-Hu   

  1. Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education / College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2019-02-12 Accepted:2019-05-12 Published:2019-10-12 Published online:2019-09-10
  • Contact: Ming-Cai ZHANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300410)

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摘要：

玉米产量与籽粒灌浆特性紧密相关, 调控籽粒灌浆特性是实现玉米高产的重要途径之一。本研究采用不同浓度冠菌素对灌浆期玉米(吐丝后10 d)进行叶面喷施处理, 研究冠菌素(coronatine, COR)对玉米籽粒灌浆特性、淀粉含量和淀粉合成关键酶活性及其基因表达的调控效应。2年田间试验研究结果表明, COR对玉米果穗性状、产量、籽粒灌浆和淀粉合成的调控具有明显的浓度效应, 适宜浓度COR (1.0 mg L -1)处理显著降低玉米果穗秃尖长度, 增加穗粒数和千粒重, 提高籽粒灌浆速率, 延长灌浆持续期, 提高产量。此外, 适宜浓度COR处理显著提高玉米籽粒灌浆过程中淀粉合成相关酶AGPase、SSS、GBSS和SBE的活性, 上调淀粉合成关键酶基因ZmSH1、ZmSH2、ZmWX1和ZmAE1的表达量, 促进籽粒支链淀粉、直链淀粉和总淀粉的积累, 提高了籽粒淀粉含量。研究结果明确了COR对玉米籽粒形态建成与物质积累的调控效应, 为玉米增产增效栽培提供了新的技术手段。

关键词: 冠菌素, 玉米, 灌浆特性, 淀粉合成, 产量

Abstract:

Maize yield is strong linked to grain filling characteristics, which one important strategy to be improved for achieving high yield of maize. This study was conducted to clarity the effects of coronatine (COR) on grain filling characteristics, starch content, activities of starch biosynthetic enzymes and their gene expression in maize kernels. The two-year field experiments showed that COR had a significant concentration effect on ear traits and yield of maize. The appropriate COR concentration of 1.0 mg L -1 could significantly reduce the length of bald tip of ear and increase the number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight, which increased the maize yield. Meanwhile, high concentration of COR with 10 mg L -1 (COR 10) increased grain filling rate, but shortened the duration of grain filling, which led to reducing grain weight. However, COR 1.0 treatment increased grain filling rate, prolonged the duration of grain filling and increased grain weight. In addition, COR 1.0 significantly regulated the activities of AGPase, SSS, GBSS, and SBE during grain filling, and increased the expression levels of starch synthetic genes ZmSH1, ZmSH2, ZmWX1, and ZmAE1, which increased amylopectin, amylose and total starch contents. In conclusion, COR can regulate grain morphogenesis and dry matter accumulation in maize, providing a new technical method for maize production and efficient cultivation.

Key words: coronatine, maize, grain filling characteristics, starch biosynthesis, yield

表1

冠菌素对玉米果穗性状与产量的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 穗长
Ear length
(cm)		 穗粗
Ear diameter
(mm)		 秃尖长
Blade length
(cm)		 穗粒数
Kernels per ear		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)		 产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)
2016 对照CK 17.8 a 48.5 a 2.02 b 464.3 b 319.8 ab 9126 b
COR0.1 17.5 a 48.2 a 1.89 b 471.4 b 317.7 ab 9119 b
COR1.0 18.1 a 48.6 a 1.35 a 499.8 a 321.3 a 9393 a
COR10 18.0 a 48.4 a 1.82 b 470.0 b 312.8 b 9165 b
2017 对照CK 16.6 a 46.3 a 0.89 a 480.0 b 288.5 ab 8375 b
COR0.1 16.4 a 46.4 a 0.71 a 494.2 b 287.8 ab 8342 b
COR1.0 16.7 a 46.8 a 0.57 b 521.1 a 294.3 a 8781 a
COR10 16.5 a 46.5 a 0.87 a 498.4 b 278.2 b 8299 b

图1

冠菌素对玉米籽粒粒重与灌浆速率的影响 A与C分别表示2016年夏玉米生长季粒重与籽粒灌浆速率; B与D分别表示2017年夏玉米生长季粒重与籽粒灌浆速率。"

表2

冠菌素对玉米籽粒灌浆特征参数的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 达到最大灌浆速率时间
Tmax (d)		 最大灌浆速率
Vmax (mg kernel-1 d-1)		 平均灌浆速率
Vmean (mg kernel-1 d-1)		 有效灌浆时间
D (d)
2016 COR0.1 26.5 b 9.7 c 6.6 c 47.3 b
COR1.0 27.0 a 10.3 b 7.0 b 50.6 a
COR10 24.8 c 10.9 a 7.3 a 38.5 c
对照CK 26.6 b 9.8 c 6.6 c 46.1 b
2017 COR0.1 26.4 b 9.6 c 6.5 b 44.9 b
COR1.0 26.8 a 10.2 b 6.9 a 49.4 a
COR10 25.2 c 10.7 a 7.1 a 39.5 c
对照CK 26.3 b 9.6 c 6.5 b 46.5 b

表3

冠菌素对玉米籽粒淀粉含量的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose content
(mg kernel-1)		 支链淀粉含量
Amylopectin content
(mg kernel-1)		 淀粉含量
Starch content
(mg kernel-1)
2016 对照CK 49.7 b 150.3 b 200.0 b
COR0.1 48.4 b 148.3 b 196.7 b
COR1.0 52.5 a 162.5 a 215.0 a
COR10 45.2 c 136.7 c 181.9 c
2017 对照CK 42.4 b 151.7 b 194.1 b
COR0.1 41.3 b 148.5 b 189.8 b
COR1.0 45.5 a 160.4 a 206.0 a
COR10 40.9 b 134.8 c 175.7 c

图2

冠菌素对籽粒淀粉合成关键酶AGPcase、SSS、GBSS和SBE活性的影响 A、C、E和G分别表示2016年夏玉米生长季籽粒淀粉合成关键酶AGPcase、SSS、GBSS和SBE活性; B、D、F和H分别表示2017年夏玉米生长季籽粒淀粉合成关键酶AGPcase、SSS、GBSS和SBE活性。"

图3

冠菌素对籽粒淀粉合成关键酶基因ZmSH1、ZmSH2、ZmWX1和ZmAE1表达的影响 A、C、E和G分别表示2016年夏玉米生长季籽粒淀粉合成关键酶基因ZmSH1、ZmSH2、ZmWX1和ZmAE1表达; B、D、F和H分别表示2017年夏玉米生长季籽粒淀粉合成关键酶基因ZmSH1、ZmSH2、ZmWX1和ZmAE1表达。"

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