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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 1551-1562.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.03053

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

地膜覆盖对黄土高原地区两种种植密度下玉米叶片代谢组的影响

牛丽1,2,3(), 白文波1, 李霞2, 段凤莹2, 侯鹏2, 赵如浪4, 王永宏4, 赵明2, 李少昆2, 宋吉青1,*(), 周文彬2,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部农膜残留污染防治重点实验室, 北京100081
    2中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京100081
    3中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 北京100083
    4宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所, 宁夏永宁750105
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-11 接受日期:2020-12-01 出版日期:2021-08-12 网络出版日期:2021-01-04
  • 通讯作者: 宋吉青,周文彬
  • 作者简介:E-mail: niulipipi@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300102)

Effects of plastic film mulching on leaf metabolic profiles of maize in the Loess Plateau with two planting densities

NIU Li1,2,3(), BAI Wen-Bo1, LI Xia2, DUAN Feng-Ying2, HOU Peng2, ZHAO Ru-Lang4, WANG Yong-Hong4, ZHAO Ming2, LI Shao-Kun2, SONG Ji-Qing1,*(), ZHOU Wen-Bin2,*()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
    3College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
    4Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Crops Research Institute, Yongning 750105, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2020-09-11 Accepted:2020-12-01 Published:2021-08-12 Published online:2021-01-04
  • Contact: SONG Ji-Qing,ZHOU Wen-Bin
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300102)

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摘要：

在黄土高原地区, 对覆膜条件下玉米叶片代谢组变化规律的研究是探索覆膜增产生理机制的重要方面。本研究采用气相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(GC-QTOF)技术, 对2种覆膜方式(塑料膜覆盖和不覆盖)、2个密度(7.5×104株 hm-2和10.5×104株 hm-2)和2个品种(郑单958和先玉335)的吐丝期玉米叶片进行了代谢组学分析。从差异代谢物个数来看, 先玉335对覆膜的响应大于郑单958, 较高的种植密度缩小了覆膜与无覆膜处理间叶片代谢的差异。主成分分析表明, 覆膜处理和品种均对代谢物组成产生了重大影响。覆膜引起的代谢谱差异主要是由柠檬酸等有机酸和氨基酸造成的; 品种引起的代谢组差异主要是由辛酸等烷酸和酚类造成的。相关分析表明, 叶绿醇、白藜芦醇、葡萄糖-6-磷酸与玉米籽粒产量呈显著正相关关系, 而甘油与之呈显著负相关关系。在覆膜条件下, 与呼吸作用及清除光呼吸产物相关的缬氨酸、异亮氨酸及蛋氨酸, 与三羧酸循环相关的异柠檬酸以及可减轻光抑制的蛋氨酸、N-乙酰基天冬氨酸等代谢物的水平整体呈升高趋势。以上结果表明, 在覆膜条件下, 消除光呼吸产物及减少光抑制的相关代谢物的积累是叶片净光合速率提高的代谢基础; 抗氧化及能量代谢相关的代谢物在提高产量的过程中发挥了重要作用。

关键词: 地膜覆盖, 叶片, 代谢组, 产量, 抗氧化, 玉米

Abstract:

In the Loess Plateau, the study of leaf metabolomics under plastic mulching is an important step to explore the mechanism of plastic film mulching to increase grain yield in maize. Metabolomics analysis was performed on the leaves of two maize cultivars (Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335) under two planting densities (7.5×104 and 10.5×104 plant hm-2) and two mulching modes (plastic film mulching and no mulching ) at silking stage using gas chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF) technology. In term of the number of differential metabolites, the response of Xianyu 335 to plastic film mulching was greater than that of Zhengdan 958. The higher planting density reduced the difference in leaf metabolism between plastic film mulching and no mulching. The principal component analysis revealed that both the mulching treatment and the cultivar had significant impacts on the composition of the metabolites. The separation of metabolic spectrum along plastic film mulching was mainly driven by organic acids such as citric acid and amino acids; the separation along cultivar was mainly driven by alkanoic acids and phenols. Correlation analysis indicated that resveratrol, phytol and glucose-6-phosphate had significant positive correlations with maize grain yield, whereas glycerol had a significant negative correlation with it. Under plastic film mulching condition, the levels of valine, isoleucine and methionine related to respiration and elimination of photorespiration products; isocitrate related to tricarboxylic acid cycle, methionine, N-acetylaspartic acid and other metabolites that could reduce photoinhibition showed an overall increasing trend. These results indicated that, under plastic film mulching condition, the antioxidant and energy metabolism-related metabolites played important roles in increasing grain yield. The elimination of photorespiration products and the accumulation of metabolites to alleviate photoinhibition were the metabolic bases for the increase of net photosynthetic rate in maize leaves.

Key words: plastic film mulching, leaf, metabolome, yield, antioxidant, maize

图1

不同地膜覆盖模式示意图 玉米生长在宽窄行垄沟结构的沟中。A: FM, 宽(80 cm)窄(40 cm)行垄沟全膜覆盖; B: NM, 宽(80 cm)窄(40 cm)行垄沟无覆盖。"

图2

不同处理下玉米叶片代谢组的主成分分析 A: 第一主成分(PC1)和第二主成分(PC2)的得分图; B: PC1前十位正载荷和负载荷的代谢物; C: PC2前十位正载荷和负载荷的代谢物。FMZL: 地膜覆盖低密度种植的ZD958; FMZH: 地膜覆盖高密度种植的ZD958; FMXL: 地膜覆盖低密度种植的XY335; FMXH: 地膜覆盖高密度种植的XY335; NMZL: 无覆盖低密度种植的ZD958; NMZH: 无覆盖高密度种植的ZD958; NMXL: 无覆盖低密度种植的XY335; NMXH: 无覆盖高密度种植的XY335。其中绿色色块代表较低的含量, 红色色块代表较高的含量。"

图3

不同处理组间差异代谢物的个数 处理同图2。"

图4

不同处理间差异代谢物韦恩图 处理同图2。数字表示2组处理间具有显著差异的代谢物数目。"

图5

覆膜和无覆膜条件下玉米叶片中41种主要代谢物的层次聚类分析及主要分类的代表性物质 处理同图2。其中绿色色块代表较低的含量, 红色色块代表较高的含量。"

图6

玉米叶片的代谢网络变化情况 红色圆代表在地膜覆盖处理下总体上调的物质, 绿色圆代表在地膜覆盖处理下总体下调的物质。8个不同的色块从左到右依次代表FMZL、FMZH、FMXL、FMXH、NMZL、NMZH、NMXL、NMXH, 处理同图2。其中绿色色块代表较低的含量, 红色色块代表较高的含量。"

表1

玉米单株籽粒产量及产量构成要素"

处理
Treatment		 单株籽粒产量
Grain yield per plant (g)		 每穗籽粒数
Number of kernels per ear		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)
FMZL 210.44 ± 14.22 a 576.21 ± 38.56 ab 295.97 ± 5.10 abc
FMZH 138.76 ± 7.97 c 561.87 ± 22.38 abc 279.74 ± 24.07 bc
FMXL 185.19 ± 4.76 b 620.53 ± 31.70 a 319.36 ± 29.09 a
FMXH 132.57 ± 8.32 c 558.35 ± 26.93 abc 287.68 ± 7.87 bc
NMZL 183.72 ± 6.89 b 492.40 ± 48.18 d 302.10 ± 3.71 ab
NMZH 108.04 ± 9.95 d 507.97 ± 22.00 cd 297.22 ± 10.59 abc
NMXL 141.91 ± 7.16 c 530.95 ± 42.23 bcd 304.90 ± 5.95 ab
NMXH 126.11 ± 7.22 c 471.89 ± 29.38 d 270.69 ± 16.18 c
变异来源Source of variation
覆膜Plastic film mulching ** ** **
密度Density ** ** **
品种Cultivar ** NS *
覆膜×密度Plastic film mulching × Density * NS NS
覆膜×品种Plastic film mulching × Cultivar NS NS NS
密度×品种Density × Cultivar ** * NS
覆膜×密度×品种
Plastic film mulching × Density × Cultivar		 ** NS NS

图7

代谢物水平和玉米籽粒产量的相关性 r和P分别是通过Pearson相关分析得出的相关系数和P值。"

图8

代谢物水平和玉米单株生物量的相关性 r和P分别是通过Pearson相关分析得出的相关系数和P值。"

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