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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 2853-2865.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11099

所属专题： 小麦：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国主要麦区小麦籽粒微量元素含量及营养评价

褚宏欣1(), 牟文燕1, 党海燕1, 王涛1, 孙蕊卿1, 侯赛宾1, 黄婷苗1,3, 黄倩楠1,4, 石美1, 王朝辉1,2,*()   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学资源环境学院 / 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
    2西北农林科技大学 / 旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
    3山西农业大学农学院, 山西太谷 030801
    4伊犁州农业科学研究所, 新疆伊宁 835000
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-12 接受日期:2022-02-25 出版日期:2022-11-12 网络出版日期:2022-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 王朝辉
  • 作者简介:第一作者联系方式: E-mail: 1447993659@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200400)

Evaluation on concentration and nutrition of micro-elements in wheat grains in major wheat production regions of China

CHU Hong-Xin1(), MU Wen-Yan1, DANG Hai-Yan1, WANG Tao1, SUN Rui-Qing1, HOU Sai-Bin1, HUANG Ting-Miao1,3, HUANG Qian-Nan1,4, SHI Mei1, WANG Zhao-Hui1,2,*()   

  1. 1College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University / Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    2State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    3College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
    4Yili Institute of Agricultural Science, Yining 835000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2021-11-12 Accepted:2022-02-25 Published:2022-11-12 Published online:2022-03-16
  • Contact: WANG Zhao-Hui
  • Supported by:
    The China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-3);The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0200400)

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摘要：

小麦是重要的粮食作物, 其微量元素含量高低直接影响人体健康。明确我国主要麦区小麦籽粒微量元素含量水平, 对优化小麦微量元素营养品质, 保障居民营养健康有重要意义。于2016—2020年, 在我国17个小麦主产省区采集分析了1112份小麦及土壤样品, 参考《中国营养学会人体微量元素摄入标准》和美国环境保护署健康风险评估方法, 结合我国居民饮食特点, 推荐了小麦籽粒微量元素适宜含量范围, 并以此评价了我国小麦的微量元素营养状况。研究发现, 我国小麦籽粒铁含量平均为43.8 mg kg-1, 72.9%样本低于铁的推荐量下限50 mg kg-1, 所有样本铁含量均低于推荐量上限140 mg kg-1; 籽粒锰含量平均为43.0 mg kg-1, 仅4.1%样本低于推荐锰含量下限22 mg kg-1, 但23.7%样本高于推荐上限值50 mg kg-1; 籽粒铜含量平均为4.6 mg kg-1, 7.6%样本低于推荐量下限3 mg kg-1, 所有样本铜含量均低于推荐量上限10 mg kg-1; 籽粒锌含量平均为31.4 mg kg-1, 85.8%的样本低于推荐量下限40 mg kg-1, 仅4.1%样本高于50 mg kg-1的推荐量上限; 籽粒硼含量平均为1.2 mg kg-1, 低于推荐量下限0.8 mg kg-1的样本占29.2%, 所有样本均低于推荐值上限10 mg kg-1; 籽粒钼含量平均为0.5 mg kg-1, 18.8%的样本钼含量低于推荐量下限0.2 mg kg-1, 仅有0.4%样本钼含量高于推荐值上限2 mg kg-1。我国小麦籽粒微量元素含量也存在区域间变异, 其中, 铁、锌含量普遍偏低, 部分地区硼、钼含量不足, 而锰含量偏高, 铜含量基本在推荐范围内。

关键词: 小麦, 微量元素, 铁含量, 锌含量, 营养

Abstract:

Wheat is a kind of staple food crop, and an important source for carbohydrates and microelement for human health. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the micronutrient concentration and nutritional status of wheat grain in the major wheat production regions in China, for the purpose of optimizing wheat micronutrient management and maintaining human health. Totally, 1112 wheat and soil samples were collected from 17 major wheat production provinces in China during 2016 to 2020. Microelement concentrations of the samples were determined and nutritional status was evaluated by comparison with the acceptable daily intake value (ADI) according to the human micronutrient intake standard of Chinese Nutrition Society and health risk assessment method of United States Environmental Protection Agency, as well as the dietary habit of Chinese residents. Results showed that the average grain iron (Fe) concentration of wheat in China was 43.8 mg kg-1 when 72.9% of the samples of Fe concentration was under the lower Fe limit of 50 mg kg-1, and all the samples were under the upper limit of 140 mg kg-1. The average grain manganese (Mn) concentration was 43.0 mg kg-1 when only 4.1% of samples were under the lower limit of 22 mg kg-1 and 23.7% of samples were above the upper limit of 50 mg kg-1. The average grain copper (Cu) concentration was 4.6 mg kg-1 when 7.6% of samples were under the lower limit of 3 mg kg-1 and no sample was above the upper limit of 10 mg kg-1. The average grain zinc (Zn) concentration was 31.4 mg kg-1 when 85.8% of samples were under the lower limit of 40 mg kg-1 and only 4.1% was above the upper limit of 50 mg kg-1. The average grain boron (B) concentration was 1.2 mg kg-1 when 29.2% of samples was under the lower limit of 0.8 mg kg-1 and no sample was above the upper limit of 10 mg kg-1. The average grain molybdenum (Mo) concentration was 0.5 mg kg-1 when 18.8% of samples were under the lower limit of 0.2 mg kg-1 and only 0.4% of samples was above the upper limit of 2 mg kg-1. There were regional variations in the contents of wheat grain micronutrient in major wheat production regions in China, among which the contents of Fe and Zn were generally low in most regions, and the contents of B and Mo were insufficient in some areas, while the content of Mn was high, and the content of Cu was basically in the recommended concentration ranges.

Key words: wheat, microelements, iron concentration, zinc concentration, nutrition

图1

我国主要麦区小麦籽粒铁含量频率和区域分布图(2016-2020年采样)"

表1

我国主要麦区0~20 cm土层土壤理化性质"

区域
Region		 pH 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 铵态氮
Ammonium N
(mg kg-1)		 硝态氮
Nitrate N
(mg kg-1)		 有效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
北部麦区NWR 8.3±0.4 a 19.4±6.0 c 1.1±0.3 d 3.2±2.0 cd 29.0±44.4 a 30.9±23.1 b 189.4±96.6 b
东北麦区NEWR 6.5±0.4 d 37.7±9.9 a 1.9±0.4 a 5.4±1.8 bc 12.1±12.5 b 52.0±18.2 a 249.2±67.7 a
黄淮麦区HWR 7.5±3.3 b 20.7±7.3 c 1.2±0.4 c 5.9±9.8 b 25.5±28.7 a 35.2±25.7 b 195.3±113.4 b
西北麦区NWWR 8.3±0.3 a 14.8±3.8 d 0.9±0.2 e 2.3±1.7 d 27.8±64.6 a 23.2±17.2 d 192.3±69.5 b
西南麦区SWWR 7.1±0.9 c 24.6±13.0 b 1.4±0.6 b 5.8±5.2 b 14.4±16.9 b 24.6±27.7 cd 145.2±72.1 c
新疆麦区XWR 8.4±0.5 a 17.8±4.2 cd 1.0±0.3 de 2.7±1.8 cd 12.3±8.1 b 37.4±27.7 b 164.2±88.3 bc
长江中下游麦区YRWC 6.6±1.0 d 25.3±8.9 b 1.4±0.5 b 10.0±11.2 a 17.4±20.6 b 29.3±20.1 bc 163.1±71.6 c

表2

我国主要麦区0~20 cm土层土壤微量元素含量"

区域
Region		 有效铁
Available
Fe		 有效锰 Available
Mn		 有效铜 Available
Cu		 有效锌Available
Zn		 有效硼 Available
B		 有效钼 Available
Mo
北部麦区 Northern Wheat Region 7.8±3.6 d 10.0±4.3 d 1.3±0.7 d 1.6±1.1 a 0.69 0.14
东北麦区Northeastern Wheat Region 75.8±48.4 b 30.7±16.2 b 1.7±0.3 c 0.8±0.3 b 0.38 0.30
黄淮麦区Huanghuai Wheat Region 41.4±66.8 c 23.0±27.6 c 1.8±1.1 c 1.7±1.9 a 0.37 0.08
西北麦区Northwestern Wheat Region 7.3±6.6 d 7.6±3.0 d 1.1±0.6 d 0.7±0.5 b 0.63 0.20
西南麦区Southwestern Wheat Region 72.9±70.5 b 24.2±21.3 bc 2.7±2.1 b 1.6±1.5 a 0.27 0.19
新疆麦区Xinjiang Wheat Region 11.9±6.3 cd 9.4±6.3 d 1.4±0.6 cd 0.6±0.3 b 2.59 0.24
长江中下游麦区 YRWC 131.2±104.2 a 40.5±32.8 a 3.3±1.5 a 1.8±.2.2 a 0.32 0.08

图2

我国主要麦区小麦籽粒锰含量频率和区域分布图(2016-2020年采样)"

图3

我国主要小麦产区小麦籽粒铜含量频率和区域分布图(2016-2020年采样)"

图4

我国主要麦区小麦籽粒锌含量频率和区域分布图(2016-2020年采样)"

图5

我国主要麦区小麦籽粒硼含量频率和区域分布图(2016-2020年采样)"

图6

我国主要麦区小麦籽粒钼含量频率和区域分布图(2016-2020年采样)"

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