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基于CSSL-Z267的单/双片段代换系的水稻产量性状QTL遗传效应解析与设计育种应用

张瀚,余金琎,谭林璐,张婧泉,王小董,谢庄,谢可盈,凌英华,赵芳明*   

  1. 西南大学水稻研究所 / 西南大学农业科学研究院 / 作物分子改良重庆市重点实验室, 重庆400715
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-16 修回日期:2025-09-10 接受日期:2025-09-10 网络出版日期:2025-09-22
  • 通讯作者: 赵芳明, E-mail: zhaofangming2004@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学联合基金项目(U23A20184)和重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0124)资助。

Genetic dissection and breeding application of rice yield-related QTL using single and dual segment substitution lines derived from CSSL-Z267

ZHANG Han,YU Jin-Jin,TAN Lin-Lu,ZHANG Jing-Quan,WANG Xiao-Dong,XIE Zhuang,XIE Ke-Ying, LING Ying-Hua,ZHAO Fang-Ming*   

  1. Rice Research Institute, Southwest University / Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University / Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Improvement, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Received:2025-05-16 Revised:2025-09-10 Accepted:2025-09-10 Published online:2025-09-22
  • Contact: 赵芳明, E-mail: zhaofangming2004@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Union Foundation of China (U23A20184) and the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Project (CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0124).

摘要:

水稻产量性状作为典型的数量性状,受微效多基因系统调控。将相关基因解析至单片段代换系(SSSL)不仅为深入阐明其分子机制提供了理想研究体系,更因克服遗传背景干扰的优势,为基于SSSL平台的全基因组设计育种奠定了重要基础。本研究以日本晴为遗传背景的染色体片段代换系CSSL Z267 (携带5个供体片段)为材料,通过构建日本晴/Z267的F2群体,成功鉴定出9个调控产量性状的QTL,并进一步通过遗传解析获得5个单片段代换系(SSSL)1个双片段代换系(DSSL)。研究发现,S1~S5均携带显著增加粒长和二次枝梗数的正向效应QTL,同时具有降低粒宽的负向效应QTL。在双片段代换系D1中观察到多对QTL的互作效应穗长(qPL6qPL1)、一次枝梗数(qNPB6qNPB1)和二次枝梗数(qNSB1qNSB6)位点聚合均产生超亲遗传效应粒宽(qGW6qGW1)和千粒重(qGWT6qGWT1)位点组合则表现出亚显性效应而粒长(qGL6qGL1)和株高(qPH6qPH1)位点组合的遗传效应分别与qGL1qPH6单一位点相当。遗传效应解析表明,S1S5的杂交组合可有效选育出株型较高且籽粒细长化的优良株系。本研究系统解析了产量相关QTL的遗传效应,为阐明其分子机制和推进水稻全基因组设计育种提供了重要理论依据和材料基础。

关键词: 水稻, 产量性状, QTL, 染色体片段代换系, 加性效应, QTL互作

Abstract:

Rice yield-related traits, as typical quantitative traits, are controlled by multiple genes with minor effects. Mapping these genes using single segment substitution lines (SSSLs) not only provides an ideal system for dissecting their molecular mechanisms, but also lays a critical foundation for whole-genome design breeding by minimizing interference from genetic background. In this study, the chromosome segment substitution line Z267—carrying five donor segments in a Nipponbare genetic background—was used to construct a Nipponbare /Z267 F2 population, through which nine yield-related QTL were successfully identified. Further genetic dissection yielded five SSSLs and one double segment substitution line (DSSL). The results showed that all five SSSLs (S1–S5) carried positive-effect QTL that significantly increased grain length and secondary branch number, while also harboring negative-effect QTL that reduced grain width. In the DSSL (D1), multiple QTL interactions were observed: combinations of panicle length loci (qPL6 with qPL1), primary branch number loci (qNPB6 with qNPB1), and secondary branch number loci (qNSB1 with qNSB6) exhibited transgressive inheritance effects. Meanwhile, combinations of grain width (qGW6 with qGW1) and 1000-grain weight (qGWT6 with qGWT1) loci displayed sub-dominant effects. The genetic effects of grain length (qGL6 with qGL1) and plant height (qPH6 with qPH1) locus combinations were comparable to those of the single loci qGL1 and qPH6, respectively. Genetic effect analysis indicated that hybrid combinations of S1 and S5 could be effectively used to develop elite lines with taller plant architecture and slender grain morphology. Overall, this study systematically dissected the genetic effects of yield-related QTL, providing valuable theoretical insights and germplasm resources for elucidating molecular mechanisms and advancing whole-genome design breeding in rice.

Key words: rice, yield traits, QTL, chromosome segment substitution line, additive effect, QTL interaction

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