作物学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12): 2221-2232.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.02221
孙永健1,孙园园1,2,刘树金1,杨志远1,程洪彪1,贾现文1,马均1,*
1 四川农业大学水稻研究所, 四川温江611130; 2 四川省农业气象中心, 四川成都610071
摘要: 在高产施氮量180 kg hm-2条件下,以杂交稻冈优527为材料,通过“淹水灌溉”(W1)、“湿润灌溉(前期)+浅水灌溉(孕穗期)+干湿交替灌溉(抽穗至成熟期)”(W2)和“旱种”(W3) 3种灌水及不同的氮肥运筹处理,研究水分管理和氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收、转运、分配及产量的影响,并探讨各养分间及其与产量的相互关系。结果表明,水分管理和氮肥运筹对水稻主要生育期氮、磷、钾的累积、转运、分配及产量的影响均存在显著的互作效应,水氮互作条件下各生育期氮、磷、钾间的吸收存在显著的协同效应;抽穗期氮、磷、钾的累积与各养分在结实期转运总量间,以及结实期各养分转运间均呈极显著正相关,且氮、钾在抽穗前期的累积对促进结实期各养分向籽粒的转运和提高产量影响显著,但氮肥后移比例过重(N4处理)及W3处理均会导致结实期叶片和茎鞘各养分转运总量的显著降低,氮、磷、钾降幅分别达2.73%~18.00%、8.03%~19.70%、6.52%~17.02%。据产量及其与养分吸收、转运间关系的表现,W1模式下氮肥后移量以占总施氮量的40%~60%为宜,W2模式与氮肥运筹方式为基肥:蘖肥:孕穗肥(倒四、二叶龄期分2次等量施入)=3∶3∶4组合是本试验最佳的水氮耦合运筹模式,W3模式下,应减少氮肥的后移量,氮肥后移量占总施氮量的20%~40%为宜。
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