作物学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 1990-1998.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01990
李从锋1,赵明1,刘鹏2,张吉旺2,杨今胜3,董树亭2,*
LI Cong-Feng1,ZHAO Ming1,LIU Peng2,ZHANG Ji-Wang2,YANG Jin-Sheng3,DONG Shu-Ting2,*
摘要:
大田试验条件下,选择我国1960s、1980s、2000s三个年代在生产中大面积应用的玉米亲本自交系为试验材料,比较分析了遗传改良过程中玉米骨干自交系灌浆特性及氮素运转的演变特征。结果表明,当代玉米品种及其亲本自交系的产量显著高于其他年代品系(P<0.05),且不同年代品种产量提高与其亲本产量密切相关(P<0.05),亲本自交系产量提高与其穗粒数相关性不显著,而与粒重呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。对粒重变化研究表明,当代亲本自交系的灌浆速率呈先慢后快的趋势,籽粒灌浆的积累起始势(R0)较高,灌浆最大速率出现时间(Tmax)延迟,灌浆速率最大时生长量(Wmax)和最大灌浆速率(Gmax)明显较高。当代亲本自交系具有较高的干物质积累和日增干重,其茎鞘物质输出率和茎鞘物质贡献率均高于1960s自交系,且在高密度条件下优势更为明显。当代亲本自交系具有较高的氮素积累总量(P<0.05),氮素输出率、贡献率的优势不明显(P>0.05),而氮素利用效率及氮收获指数显著高于1960s自交系(P<0.05)。表明遗传改良过程中玉米骨干自交系籽粒产量及氮效率得到同步提高,这与其自身较高的籽粒灌浆能力和物质运转效率密切相关。
| [1]春亮, 陈范骏, 张福锁, 米国华. 不同氮效率玉米杂交种的根系生长、氮素吸收与产量形成. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11: 615–619Chun L, Chen F J, Zhang F S, Mi G H. Root growth, nitrogen uptake and yield formation of hybrid maize with different N efficiency. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2005, 11: 615–619 (in Chinese with English abstract)[2]刘建安, 米国华, 张福锁. 不同基因型玉米氮效率差异的比较研究. 农业生物技术学报, 1999, 7: 248–254Liu J A, Mi G H, Zhang F S. Difference in nitrogen efficiency among maize genotypes. Journal Agriculture Biotech, 1999, 7: 248–254 (in Chinese with English abstract)[3]Chen F J, Fang Z G, Gao Q, Ye Y L. Jia L L, Yuan L X, Mi G H, Zhang F S. Evaluation of the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of the dominant maize hybrids grown in North and Northeast China. Sci China Life Sci, 2013, 43: 342–350 [4]Duvick D N, Cassman K G. Post-green revolution trends in yield potential of temperate maize in the north-central United States. Crop Science, 1999, 39: 1662–1630[5]戴景瑞. 我国玉米遗传育种的回顾与展望. 玉米遗传育种国际学术讨论会文集. 吉林长春, 2000, 9: 1–7Dai J R. The review and prospect of genetic breeding in maize of China. In: Proceedings of International Academic Symposium in Genetic Breeding of China. Changchun, 2000, 9: 1–7 (in Chinese)[6]Ding L, Wang K J, Jiang G M, Biswas D K, Xu H, Li L F, Li Y H. Effect of nitrogen deficiency on photosynthetic traits of maize hybrids released in different years. Ann Bot, 2005, 96: 925–930[7]李绍长, 盛茜, 陆嘉惠, 孟宝民. 玉米籽粒灌浆生长分析. 石河子大学学报(自然科学版), 1999(增刊-1): 1–5Li S C, Sheng Q, Lu J H, Meng B M. Growth Analysis on the Process of Grain Filling in Maize. J Shihezi Univ (Nat Sci), 1999, (suppl-1): 1–5 (in Chinese with English abstract)[8]秦泰辰, 李增禄. 玉米籽粒发育性状的遗传及与产量性状关系的研究. 作物学报, 1991, 17: 185–191Qin T C, Li Z L. Studies on the inheritance of the kernel growth characters and their relation to the yield characters in maize (Zea mays L.). Acta Agron Sin, 1991, 17(3): 185–191 (in Chinese with English abstract)[9]王晓东, 史振声, 李明顺, 朴琳, 鲁俊田. 我国北方不同年代玉米自交系穗部性状的演变及与产量的关系. 玉米科学, 2011, 19(2): 6–11Wang X D, Shi Z S, Li M S, Piao L, Lu J T. Evolution on Ear Traits of Maize Inbred Line in North China and Their Relationships with Yield. J Maize Sci, 2011, 19(2): 6–11 (in Chinese with English abstract)[10]Ottariano. Phenotypic and genetic relation-ships between yield components in maize. Eupyhtica, 1981, 30: 601–609[11]刘宗华, 卫晓轶, 胡彦民, 谭晓军, 汤继华. 低氮胁迫对不同基因型玉米生物产量和氮吸收率动态变化的影响. 玉米科学, 2010, 18(5): 53–59Liu Z H, Wei X Y, Hu Y M, Tan X J, Tang J H. Dynamic variation of biomass and nitrogen absorption ratio of different genotypes in maize under low nitrogen stress. J Maize Sci, 2010, 18(5): 53–59 (in Chinese with English abstract) [12]徐祥玉, 张敏敏, 翟丙年, 李生秀, 张兴昌, 王朝辉. 夏玉米氮效率基因型差异研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2006, 12: 495– 499Xu X Y, Zhang M M, Zhai B N, Li S X, Zhang X C, Wang C H. Genotypic variation in nitrogen use efficiency in summer maize. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2006, 12: 495– 499 (in Chinese with English abstract)[13]米国华, 刘建安, 张福锁. 玉米杂交种的氮农学效率及其构成因素剖析. 中国农业大学学报, 1998, 3(增刊-1): 97–104Mi G H, Liu J A, Zhang F S. Analysis on agronomic nitrogen efficiency and its components of maize hybrids. J China Agric Univ, 1998, 3(suppl-1): 97–104 (in Chinese with English abstract) [14]Heuberger H. Nitrogen efficiency in tropical maize (Zea may L.) indirect selection criteria with special emphasis on morphological root characteristics. Ph D Dissertation of University of Hannover, Germany, 1998[15]向春阳, 田秀平, 杨克军, 董炳友. 典型玉米自交系氮素吸收利用特点的研究. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(3): 146–149Xiang C Y, Tian X P, Yang K J, Dong B Y. Research on the nitrogen absorption and utilization of typical maize inbreds. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2005, 21(3): 146–149 (in Chinese with English abstract)[16]王玲敏, 叶优良, 陈范骏, 尚云峰. 施氮对不同品种玉米产量、氮效率的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2012, 20: 529–535Wang L M, Ye Y L, Chen F J, Song Y F. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on maize yield and nitrogen efficiency of different maize varieties. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2012, 20: 529–535 (in Chinese with English abstract)[17]Swank J C, Below F E, Lambert R J, Hageman R H. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: a Biometrical Approach. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1982[18]Wu Q P, Chen F J, Chen Y L, Yuan L X, Zhang F S, Mi G H. Root growth in response to nitrogen supply in Chinese maize hybrids released between 1973 and 2009. Sci China Life Sci, 2011, 41: 472–480 [19]朱庆森, 曹显祖, 骆亦其. 水稻籽粒灌浆的生长分析. 作物学报, 1988, 14: 182–193Zhu Q S, Cao X Z, Luo Y Q. Growth analysis in the process of grain filling in rice. Acta Agron Sin, 1988, 14: 182–193 (in Chinese with English abstract)[20]Moll R H, Kamprath E J, Jackson W A. Analysis and interpretation of factor which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Agron J, 1982, 74: 562–564[21]李从锋, 赵明, 刘鹏, 张吉旺, 杨今胜, 柳京国, 王空军, 董树亭. 中国不同年代玉米单交种及其亲本主要性状演变对密度的响应. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 2421–2429Li C F, Zhao M, Liu P, Zhang J W, Yang J S, Liu J G, Wang K J, Dong S T. Responses of main traits of maize hybrids and their parents to density in different eras of china. Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 2421–2429 (in Chinese with English abstract)[22]Bruulsema T W, Tollenaar M, Heckman J R. Boosting crop yields in the next century. Better Crops Plant Food, 2000, 84: 9–11[23]李召锋, 梁晓玲, 阿布来提, 李铭东, 韩登旭, 邵红雨, 曹连莆. 玉米自交系单株产量与相关农艺性状的灰色关联度分析. 新疆农业科学, 2009, 46: 232– 236Li Z F, Ling X L, A B L T, Li M D, Han D X, Shao H Y, Cao L P. Gray correlation degree of signal plant yield of maize inbred lines and its correlated characters. Xinjiang Agric Sci, 2009, 46: 232– 236 (in Chinese with English abstract)[24]Jorge B. Physiological bases for yield differences in selected maize cultivars from Central America. Field Crops Res, 1995, 42: 69–80[25]黄智鸿, 王思远, 申林, 曹洋, 孙刚, 郝满, 吴春胜. 超高产玉米籽粒的灌浆特性. 西北农业学报, 2007, 16(4): 14–18Huang Z H, Wang S Y, Shen L, Cao Y, Sun G, Hao M, Wu C S. Study on characteristic of grain filling of super high yield Maize. Acta Agric Boreali-Occid Sin, 2007, 16(4): 14–18 (in Chinese with English abstract)[26]吴春胜. 超高产玉米灌浆速率与干物质积累特性研究. 吉林农业大学学报, 2008, 30(4): 382–385Wu C S Studies on characteristics of grain filling and dry matter accumulation of super high yield maize. J Jilin Agric Univ, 2008, 30: 382–385 (in Chinese with English abstract)[27]Chen X C, Chen F J, Chen Y L, Gao Q, Yang X L, Yuan L X, Zhang F S, Mi G H. Modern maize hybrids in Northeast China exhibit increased yield potential and resource use ef?ciency despite adverse climate change. Global Change Biol, 2013: 19, 923–936[28]Johnson D R, Tanner J W. Calculation of the rate and duration of grain filling in corn (Zea mays L.). Crop Sci, 1972, 12: 485–486[29]Tollenaar M, Aguilera A. Radiation use efficiency of an old and a new maize hybrid. Agron J, 1992, 84: 536–541[30]Tollenaar M. Physiological basis of genetic improvement of maize hybrids in Ontario from 1959 to 1988. Crop Sci, 1991, 31:119–124[31]张福锁, 米国华, 刘建安. 玉米氮效率遗传改良及其应用. 农业生物技术学报, 1997, 2: 112–117Zhang F S, Mi G H, Liu J A. Advances in the Genetic Improvement of Nitrogen Efficiency in Maize. J Agric Biotechnol, 1997, 2: 112–117 (in Chinese with English abstract)[32]Tollenaar M, Wu J. Yield improvement in temperate maize is attributable to greater stress tolerance. Crop Sci, 1999, 39: 1597–1604[33]关义新, 马兴林, 向春阳, 凌碧莹. 不同玉米自交系氮效率的分析. 玉米科学, 2004, 12(1): 100–102Guan Y X, Ma X L, Xiang C Y, Ling B Y. Analysis on nitrogen use efficiency of different maize inbred. J Maize Sci, 2004, 12(1): 100–102 (in Chinese with English abstract)[34]王艳, 米国华, 陈范骏, 张福锁. 玉米氮素吸收的基因型差异及其与根系形态的相关性. 生态学报, 2003, 23: 297–302Wang Y, Mi G H, Chen F J, Zhang F S. Genotypic differences in nitrogen uptake by maize inbredlines its relation to root morphology. Acta Ecol Sin, 2003, 23: 297–302 (in Chinese with English abstract)[35]崔文芳, 高聚林, 王志刚, 崔超, 胡树平, 于晓芳, 孙继颖, 苏治军. 玉米自交系氮效率基因型差异分析. 玉米科学, 2013, 21(3): 6–12Cui W F, Gao J L, Wang Z G, Cui C, Hu S P, Yu X F, Sun J Y, Su Z J. Analysis on genotypic difference in nitrogen efficiency of maize inbred Lines. J Maize Sci, 2013, 21(3): 6–12 (in Chinese with English abstract)[36]王晓慧, 曹玉军, 魏雯雯, 张磊, 王永军, 边少锋, 王立春. 我国北方37个高产春玉米品种干物质生产及氮素利用特性. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18: 60–68Wang X H, Cao Y J, Wei W W, Zhang L, Wang Y J, Bian S F, Wang L C. Characteristics of dry matter production and nitrogen use efficiency of 37 spring maize hybrids with high-yielding potential in north of China. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2012, 18: 60–68 (in Chinese with English abstract)[37]颜军, 杨德光. 4个玉米品种氮素利用效率的比较研究. 玉米科学, 2010, 18(2): 91–95Yan J, Yang D G. Comparison on N utilization efficiency of four maize varieties. J Maize Sci, 2010, 18(2): 91–95 (in Chinese with English abstract)[38]陈范骏, 米国华, 张福锁, 王艳, 刘向生, 春亮. 华北区部分主栽玉米杂交种的氮效率分析. 玉米科学, 2003, 11(2): 78–82Chen F J, Mi G H, Zhang F S, Wang Y, Liu X S, Chun L. Nitrogen use efficiency in some of main maize hybrids grown in north china. J Maize Sci, 2003, 11(2): 78–82 (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [1] | 刘恩波, 陈静, 李红星, 于宁宁, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 遮阴改变源-库平衡和调节碳水化合物代谢进而抑制夏玉米幼穗发育[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1891-1901. |
| [2] | 梁进宇, 尹嘉德, 王红丽, 张国平, 侯慧芝, 董博, 马明生. 基于无人机高光谱和机器学习的旱地饲用玉米叶片氮含量估测[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1788-1801. |
| [3] | 孙淑凤, 许振南, 黄嘉鑫, 翁建峰, 李新海. 玉米MAPK家族全基因组鉴定及其对拟轮枝镰孢菌感染的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1291-1308. |
| [4] | 张宁宁, 滕雨菲, 任娜娜, 魏兴卓, 闫书豪, 樊可心, 王永宏, 陈文康, 张兴华, 朱万超, 徐淑兔, 薛吉全. 201份玉米自交系抗旱表型评价及可塑性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1309-1325. |
| [5] | 杨扬, 常诗惠, 田红丽, 易红梅, 王璐, 任洁, 范亚明, 刘亚维, 王凤格, 赵久然. 不同生态区国审玉米品种的遗传多样性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1352-1364. |
| [6] | 张鸿蓉, 王菲儿, 李盼, 仇海龙, 朱静, 赵连豪, 南运有, 何蔚, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 柴强, 殷文. 减量20%灌水与25%有机肥替代化肥提高青贮玉米产量的光合特性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1487-1500. |
| [7] | 杨欣雨, 崔文涛, 迪力尼格尔·阿力木, 汪凯翔, 吴鹏昊, 任姣姣. 玉米穗上叶片数全基因组关联分析和全基因组选择[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1573-1590. |
| [8] | 韩亚鑫, 何冠华, 张小琼, 张登峰, 李永祥, 刘旭洋, 王天宇, 黎裕, 邹华文, 李春辉. 基于RNA-Seq和BSA-Seq联合分析挖掘玉米侧根密度基因资源[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1341-1352. |
| [9] | 蔡宏玮, 于爱忠, 姜科强, 王鹏飞, 王玉珑, 霍建喆, 庞小能, 尹波, 尚永盼. 干旱灌区有机肥替代部分化肥促进甜玉米产量提升的关键机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1166-1180. |
| [10] | 田红丽, 杨扬, 范亚明, 易红梅, 郭丹丹, 王凤格, 赵久然. 适于玉米品种鉴定的一套三等位变异SNP新型标记组合[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 993-1005. |
| [11] | 杨亚莉, 徐明睿, 马越飞, 海艺蕊, 刘凯栋, 刘万茂, 孙颖. 玉米根尖及整根响应缺铁的转录组比较研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1006-1021. |
| [12] | 张超, 郭欢, 李忠玲, 岳淑宁, 赵娜. 基于BSA-seq技术定位玉米籽粒花青素关联基因[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(3): 780-789. |
| [13] | 郭向阳, 涂亮, 王栋, 刘鹏飞, 王安贵, 易强, 任洪, 李刚, 祝云芳, 吴迅, 蒋喻林, 田丰, 陈泽辉. 热带Suwan种质在我国玉米种质改良中的创新与利用[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(3): 655-664. |
| [14] | 马亮, 马璐, 张舒钰, 章慧敏, 王仁明, 宋旭东, 张振良, 冒宇翔, 陆虎华, 陈国清, 郝德荣, 周广飞. 玉米苞叶数目转录组分析及候选基因鉴定[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(3): 790-801. |
| [15] | 孟成, 王哲. 玉米ZmPFK基因家族全基因组鉴定及响应胁迫表达分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(3): 764-779. |
|
||