欢迎访问作物学报,今天是

作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (04): 561-573.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00561

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

乙矮合剂对不同密度夏玉米花粒期不同部位叶片衰老特性的影响

卢霖,董志强*,董学瑞,李光彦   

  1. 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室, 北京100081
  • 收稿日期:2015-07-13 修回日期:2016-01-11 出版日期:2016-04-12 网络出版日期:2016-01-26
  • 通讯作者: 董志强, E-mail: dongzhiqiang@caas.cn, Tel: 010-82106043
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31470087)和国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B14,2012BAD04B01)资助。

Effects of Ethylene-Chlormequat-Potassium on Characteristics of Leaf Senescence at Different Plant Positionsafter Anthesis under Different Planting Densities

LU Lin,DONG Zhi-Qiang*,DONG Xue-Rui,LI Guang-Yan   

  1. Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2015-07-13 Revised:2016-01-11 Published:2016-04-12 Published online:2016-01-26
  • Contact: 董志强, E-mail: dongzhiqiang@caas.cn, Tel: 010-82106043
  • Supported by:

    This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31470087) and the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2011BAD16B14, 2012BAD04B01).

摘要:

为探讨乙矮合剂对密植夏玉米叶片衰老及后期早衰的调控机制, 建立华北夏玉米区密植高产稳产化学调控技术, 以中单909和浚单20为材料, 设置乙矮合剂(ECK)和密度梯度处理, 研究密度梯度对夏玉米花粒期不同部位叶片衰老特性的影响与ECK的调控效应。结果表明, 随密度增加, 两品种花粒期单株叶面积减小且降幅增大; 各叶位叶片的叶绿素相对含量和可溶性蛋白含量呈下降趋势; 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈降低趋势; 丙二醛(MDA)含量则呈增高趋势; 上述指标在叶位和品种间存在差异。ECK处理显著提高各密度不同部位叶片SOD、CAT、POD活性和叶绿素相对含量及可溶性蛋白含量, 显著降低MDA含量; 单株绿叶面积降幅减小, 叶片衰老进程延缓, 衰老程度减轻。ECK处理后, 较高密度群体下(7.5~10.5万株 hm-2), 中单909和浚单20较各自对照分别增产5.59%~6.63%和6.73%~8.10%。因此, 采用合理的种植密度结合喷施乙矮合剂可作为华北夏玉米区高产栽培的重要技术措施。

关键词: 夏玉米, 乙矮合剂, 种植密度, 叶片衰老, 抗氧化酶

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of ethylene-chlormequat-potassium(ECK) on leaf aging and early senescence in summer maize, and provide a theoretical basis for high and stable yields of summer maize under high planting density by chemical regulation technology in North China Plain,a field experimentwas conducted using two types of maize hybrids (Zhongdan909 and Xundan20)with treatments of ethylene-chlormequat-potassium under different planting densities. The results showed that the increased planting density significantly decreased leaf area (LA) per plant and increased LA reduction rate. With the increase of planting density decreased SPAD value, soluble protein content, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) of ear leaf, the third leaf above ear, and the third leaf below ear,while malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased. The above indexes had differences among varieties andleaf positions. ECK treatment significantly increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), SPAD value and soluble protein content in leaves at different positions, decreased LA reduction rate, delayedand alleviatedleaf senescence. Under the density of ≥7.5×104 plant ha-1, the yield of Zhongdan909 and Xundan20, compared with their own controls, increased by 5.59%−6.63% and 6.73%−8.10%, respectively. ECK treatment significantly prevented early senescence under higher planting densities, therefore increased yield. Thus, adopting an appropriate planting density combined with ECK application could be an important technique for achieving high grain yield in summer maize production in North China Plain.

Key words: Summer maize, Ethylene-Chlormequat-Potassium, Planting density, Leaf senescence, Antioxidant enzyme

[1]Duvick D N. The contribution of breeding to yield advances in maize (Zea mays L.). Adv Agron, 2005, 86: 83–145

[2]钱春荣, 于洋, 宫秀杰, 姜宇博, 赵杨, 王俊河, 杨忠良, 张卫建. 黑龙江省不同年代玉米杂交种产量对种植密度和施氮水平的响应. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 1864–1874

Qian C R, Yu Y, Gong X J, Jiang Y B, Zhao Y, Wang J H, Yang Z L, Zhang W J. Response of grain yield to plant density and nitrogen application rate for maize hybrids released from different eras in HeilongjiangProvince. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 1864–1874 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[3]吕丽华, 陶洪斌, 夏来坤, 张雅杰, 赵明, 赵久然, 王璞. 不同种植密度下的夏玉米冠层结构及光合特性. 作物学报, 2008, 34: 447–455

Lü L H, Tao H B, Xia L K, Zhang Y J, Zhao M, Zhao J R, Wang P. Canopy structure and photosynthesis traits of summer maize under different planting densities. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34: 447–455 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[4]李宗新, 陈源泉, 王庆成, 刘开昌, 高旺盛, 隋鹏. 高产栽培条件下种植密度对不同类型玉米品种根系时空分布动态的影响. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 1286–1294

Li Z X, Chen Y Q, Wang Q C, Liu K C, Gao W S, Sui P. Influence of planting density on root spatio-temporal distribution of different types of maize under high-yielding cultivation conditions. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 1286–1294 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[5]Prochazkova D,Saiaram R K, Srovatava G C, Singh D V.Oxidative stress and antioxidant activity as the basis of senescence in maize leaves.Plant Sci, 2001, 161: 765–771

[6]王海燕, 高聚林, 王志刚, 孙继颖, 于晓芳, 高英波, 贾宁, 叶君, 吕佳雯. 高密度对超高产春玉米花粒期叶片衰老与根系活力的影响. 玉米科学, 2012,20:75–81

Wang H Y, Gao J L, Wang Z G, Sun J Y, Yu X F, Gao Y B, Jia N, Ye J, Lü J W. Effects of high planting density on super high-yielding spring maize leaf senescence and root activity at anthesis and kernel stage. Maize Sci, 2012, 20: 75–81

[7]解振兴, 董志强, 兰宏亮, 高娇, 朱平, 彭畅. 磷酸胆碱合剂对不同种植密度玉米叶片衰老生理的影响. 核农学报, 2012, 26: 157–163

Xie Z X, Dong Z Q, Lan H L, Gao J, Zhu P, Peng C. Effect of ECK mixture treatment on maize leaf senescence under different planting densities. J Nucl Agric Sci, 2012, 26: 157–163 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[8]乔宏伟, 武月莲, 王志红, 侯辉. 不同玉米群体灌浆期叶片生理特性的研究. 内蒙古民族大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, (6): 637–639

Qiao H W, Wu Y L, Wang Z H, Hou H.Study on leaves physiological characteristic of different maize population at filling stage. J InnerMongolia Univ Nationalities(Nat Sci Edn), 2008, (6): 637–639

[9]印莉萍, 柴小清, 李丹, 张承谦, 洪剑明, 刘祥林, 赵微平. 不同小麦品种叶片衰老过程中谷氨酰胺合成酶和蛋白水解酶的活性变化. 山西师大学报, 1997, (11): 46–49

Yin L P, Chai X Q, Li D, Zhang C Q, Hong J M, Liu X L, Zhao W P. Changes of glutamine synthesis and proteolyase indifferent wheat speicies during the leaves nature senescence. J Shanxi Norm Univ, 1997, (11): 46–49 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[10]王永军, 杨今胜, 袁翠平, 柳京国, 李登海, 董树亭.超高产夏玉米花粒期不同部位叶片衰老与抗氧化酶特性. 作物学报, 2013,39: 2183–2191

Wang Y J, Yang J S, Yuan C P, Liu J G, Li D H, Dong S T. Characteristics of senescence and antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves at different plant parts of summer maize with the super-high yielding potential after anthesis. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 2183–2191 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[11]李洪岐, 蔺海明, 梁书荣, 赵会杰, 王俊忠. 密度和种植方式对夏玉米酶活性和产量的影响. 生态学报, 2012, 32: 6584–6590

Li H Q, Lin H M, Liang S R, Zhao H J, Wang J Z. Effects of planting densities and modes on activities of some enzymes and yield in summer maize. Acta Ecol Sin, 2012, 32: 6584–6590 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[12]吕鹏, 张吉旺, 刘伟, 杨今胜, 董树亭, 刘鹏, 李登海. 施氮时期对高产夏玉米氮代谢关键酶活性及抗氧化特性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2012, 23: 1591–1598

Lü P, Zhang J W, Liu W, Yang J S, Dong S T, Liu P, Li D H. Effects of nitrogen application period on the nitrogen metabolism key enzymes activities and antioxidant characteristics of high-yielding summer maize. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2012, 23: 1591–1598 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[13]朱昆仑, 靳立斌, 董树亭, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 综合农艺管理对夏玉米叶片衰老特性的影响. 中国农业科学, 2014,47:2949–2959

Zhu K L, Jin L B, Dong S T, Zhao B, Liu P, Zhang J W. Effects of integrated agronomic practices on leaf senescence physiological characteristics of summer maize. Sci Agric Sin,2014,47: 2949–2959

[14]徐田军, 董志强, 高娇, 陈传晓, 焦浏, 解振兴. 聚糠萘水剂对不同积温带玉米叶片衰老和籽粒灌浆速率的影响. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 1698–1709

Xu T J, Dong Z Q, Gao J, Chen C X, Jiao L,Xie Z X. Effect of PASP-KT-NAA on leaf senescence and grain filling rate during the grain-filling period in different temperature zones. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 1698–1709 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[15]高娇, 董志强, 徐田军, 陈传晓, 焦浏, 卢霖, 董学瑞. 聚糠萘水剂对不同积温带玉米花后叶片氮同化的影响. 生态学报, 2014, 34: 2938–2947

Gao J, Dong Z Q, Xu T J, Chen C X, Jiao L, Lu L, Dong X R. Effects of PASP-KT-NAA on maize leaf nitrogen assimilation after florescence over different temperature gradients. Acta Ecol Sin, 2014, 34: 2938–2947 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[16]杨东清, 李玉玲, 倪英丽, 尹燕枰, 崔正勇, 张永太, 马仁元, 王振林.外源ABA和6-BA对不同持绿型小麦籽粒灌浆进程及蛋白质含量影响. 作物学报, 2014,40: 301–312

Yang D Q, Li Y L, Ni Y L, Yin Y P, Cui Z Y, Zhang Y T, Ma R Y, Wang Z L. Effects of exogenous ABA and 6-BA on protein content and grain filling process in different types of stay green wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2014,40: 301–312 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[17]Wang H Q, Xiao L G, Tong J H. Foliar application of chlorocholine chloride improves leaf mineral nutrition, antioxidant enzyme activity, and tuber yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Sci Hortic, 2010, 125: 521–523

[18]冯斗, 张涛, 禤维言, 胡蔚东. 3种生长延缓剂对甜高粱幼苗生长和生理特性的影响. 热带作物学报, 2009, 30: 1468–1472

Feng D, Zhang T, Xuan W Y, Hu W D. Effects of three retardants on growth and physiological properties of sweet sorghum seedlings. Chin J Trop Crops, 2009, 30: 1468–1472 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[19]葛建军, 朱林, 张国良, 韩文节, 殷玉宏, 李勇. 乙烯利对花生氮代谢和光合特性的影响. 花生学报, 2008, 37: 22–27

Ge J J, Zhu L, Zhang G L, Han W J, Yin Y H, Li Y. Effects of ethephon on nitrogen metabolism and photosynthesis characters of peanut. J Peanut Sci, 2008, 37: 22–27 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[20]卫晓轶, 张明才, 李召虎, 段留生. 不同基因型玉米对乙烯利调控反应敏感性的差异. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 1819–1827

Wei X T, Zhang M C, Li Z H, Duan L S. Differences in responding sensitivity to ethephon among different maize genotypes. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 1819–1827 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[21]薛金涛, 张保明, 董志强, 赵明, 黄长玲. 化学调控对玉米抗倒性及产量的影响. 玉米科学, 2009, 17: 91–98

Xue J T, Zhang B M, Dong Z Q, Zhao M, Huang C L. Effects of chemical regulation on lodging and yield of maize. J Maize Sci, 2009, 17: 91–98 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[22]卢霖,董志强, 董雪瑞, 焦浏, 李光彦, 高娇.乙矮合剂对不同密度夏玉米茎秆抗倒伏能力及产量的影响. 作物杂志, 2015, (2): 70–77

Lu L, Dong Z Q, Dong X R, Jiao L, Li G Y, Gao J. Effects of Ethylene -Chlormequat-Potassiumon stem lodging - resistance and yield of summer maize under different sowing densities. Crops, 2015, (2): 70–77 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[23]Tollenaar M, Daynard T B. Leaf senescence in short season maize hybrids. Can J Plant Sci, 1978,58(3): 869–874

[24]陈建勋, 王晓峰. 植物生理学实验指导. 广州: 华南理工大学出版社, 2002. pp 35–128

Chen J X, Wang X F. Experiments Instructions of Plant Physiology. Guangzhou: HuananTechnologyUniversity Publishers, 2002. pp 35–128 (in Chinese)

[25]王爱国,罗广华. 植物的超氧物自由基与羟胺反应的定量关系. 植物生理学通讯, 1990, (6): 55–57

Wang A G, Luo G H. Quantitative relation between the reaction of hydroxylamine and superoxide anionradicals in plants. Plant Physiol Commun,1990, (6): 55–57 (in Chinese)

[26]李忠光, 李江鸿, 杜朝昆, 黄号栋, 龚明.在单一提取系统中同时测定五种植物抗氧化酶.云南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 22(6): 44–48

Li ZG, Li J H, Du CK, HuangHD, Gong M. Simultaneous measurement of five antioxidant enzyme activities using a single extraction system. J Yunnan Norm Univ (Nat Sci Edn), 2002, 22(6): 44–48 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[27]林植芳, 李双顺, 林桂珠, 孙谷畴, 郭俊彦. 水稻叶片的衰老与超氧物歧化酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的关系. 植物学报, 1984, 26: 605–615

Lin Z F, Li S S, Lin G Z, Sun G C, Guo J Y. Superoxide dismutase activity and lipidperoxidation in relation to senescence of rice leaves. Acta Bot Sin, 1984, 26: 605–615 (in Chinese)

[28]Colomb B, Kiniry J R, Debaeke P. Effect of soil phosphorus on leaf development and senescence dynamics of field-grown maize. Agron J, 2000, 92: 428–435

[29]Erley G S, Begum N, Worku M, Bänziger M, Horst W J. Leaf senescence induced by nitrogen deficiency as indicator of genotypicdifferences in nitrogen efficiency in tropical maize. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci, 2007,170: 106–114

[30]胡秀丽,李艳辉,杨海荣,刘全军,李潮海. HSP70可提高干旱高温复合胁迫诱导的玉米叶片抗氧化防护能力. 作物学报, 2010,36: 636–644

Hu X L, Li Y H, Yang H R, Liu Q J, Li C H. Heat shock protein 70 may improve the ability of antioxidant defense induced by the combination of drought and heat in maize leaves. Acta Agron Sin, 2010,36: 636–644 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[31]宋振伟, 齐华, 张振平, 钱春荣, 郭金瑞, 邓艾兴, 张卫建. 春玉米中单909农艺性状和产量对密植的响应及其在东北不同区域的差异. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 2267–2277

Song Z W, Qi H, Zhang Z P, Qian C R, Guo J R, Deng A X, Zhang W J. Effects of plant density on agronomic traits and yield in spring maize Zhongdan 909 and their regional differences in northeast China. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 2267–2277 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[32]丰明乾, 孙俊荣, 郭蔼光. 小麦灌浆期旗叶蛋白质运转与籽粒蛋白质积累的关系. 陕西农业科学, 1999, (2): 1–3

Feng M Q, Sun J R, Guo A G. The relation of wheat flag leaf protein operation and grain protein accumulation during the grain-filling period. Shaanxi J Agric Sci, 1999, (2): 1–3 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[33]王空军, 胡昌浩, 董树亭, 刘开昌, 孙庆泉. 我国不同年代玉米品种开花后叶片保护酶活性及膜脂过氧化作用的演进.作物学报, 1999, 25: 700–706

Wang K J, Hu C H, Dong S T, Liu K C, Sun Q Q. Changes of the protective enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation after anthesis among maize varieties planted in different years. Acta Agron Sin, 1999, 25: 700–706

[1] 陈静, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 叶面喷施甜菜碱对不同播期夏玉米产量形成及抗氧化能力的调控[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1502-1515.
[2] 李瑞东, 尹阳阳, 宋雯雯, 武婷婷, 孙石, 韩天富, 徐彩龙, 吴存祥, 胡水秀. 增密对不同分枝类型大豆品种同化物积累和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 942-951.
[3] 张倩, 韩本高, 张博, 盛开, 李岚涛, 王宜伦. 控失尿素减施及不同配比对夏玉米产量及氮肥效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(1): 180-192.
[4] 娄洪祥, 姬建利, 蒯婕, 汪波, 徐亮, 李真, 刘芳, 黄威, 刘暑艳, 尹羽丰, 王晶, 周广生. 种植密度对油菜正反交组合产量与倒伏相关性状的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(9): 1724-1740.
[5] 李静, 王洪章, 刘鹏, 张吉旺, 赵斌, 任佰朝. 夏玉米不同栽培模式花后叶片光合性能的差异[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(7): 1351-1359.
[6] 李增强, 丁鑫超, 卢海, 胡亚丽, 岳娇, 黄震, 莫良玉, 陈立, 陈涛, 陈鹏. 铅胁迫下红麻生理特性及DNA甲基化分析[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(6): 1031-1042.
[7] 郑迎霞, 陈杜, 魏鹏程, 卢平, 杨锦越, 罗上轲, 叶开梅, 宋碧. 种植密度对贵州春玉米茎秆抗倒伏性能及籽粒产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(4): 738-751.
[8] 张金丹, 范虹, 杜进勇, 殷文, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 柴强. 小麦玉米同步增密有利于优化种间关系而提高间作产量[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(12): 2481-2489.
[9] 周宝元, 葛均筑, 孙雪芳, 韩玉玲, 马玮, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 黄淮海麦玉两熟区周年光温资源优化配置研究进展[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(10): 1843-1853.
[10] 赵小红,白羿雄,王凯,姚有华,姚晓华,吴昆仑. 种植密度对2个青稞品种抗倒伏及秸秆饲用特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(4): 586-595.
[11] 郑飞娜,初金鹏,张秀,费立伟,代兴龙,贺明荣. 播种方式与种植密度互作对大穗型小麦品种产量和氮素利用率的调控效应[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(3): 423-431.
[12] 王士红,杨中旭,史加亮,李海涛,宋宪亮,孙学振. 增密减氮对棉花干物质和氮素积累分配及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(3): 395-407.
[13] 马正波, 董学瑞, 唐会会, 闫鹏, 卢霖, 王庆燕, 房孟颖, 王琦, 董志强. 四甲基戊二酸对夏玉米光合生产特征的调控效应[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(10): 1617-1627.
[14] 陈晓影,刘鹏,程乙,董树亭,张吉旺,赵斌,任佰朝,韩坤. 基于磷肥施用深度的夏玉米根层调控提高土壤氮素吸收利用[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(02): 238-248.
[15] 王素芳,薛惠云,张志勇,汤菊香. 棉花根系生长与叶片衰老的协调性[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(01): 93-101.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!