作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (06): 886-897.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00886
韦还和1,孟天瑶1,李超1,张洪程1,*,戴其根1,*,马荣荣2,王晓燕3,杨筠文4
WEI Huan-He1,MENG Tian-Yao1,LI Chao1,ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*,DAI Qi-Gen1,*,MA Rong-Rong2,WANG Xiao-Yan3,YANG Jun-Wen4
摘要:
为探明甬优12超高产群体的磷素吸收与积累特征,2013—2014年,对高产(10.5~12.0 t hm-2)、更高产(12.0~13.5 t hm-2)、超高产(>13.5 t hm-2)3个产量群体的磷素吸收与积累特征等进行了系统比较研究。结果表明:(1)生育期植株含磷量,不同产量水平群体间无显著差异;拔节期磷素吸收量呈高产群体>更高产群体>超高产群体;而抽穗期和成熟期磷素吸收量则呈超高产群体>更高产群体>高产群体。播种至拔节期的磷素积累量与产量呈极显著负相关;拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期的磷素积累量与产量呈极显著正相关。(2)甬优12超高产群体抽穗期茎鞘、叶片和穗部磷素积累量分别为41.4、8.5和8.9 kg hm-2,高于更高产群体(37.9、7.6和8.1 kg hm-2)和高产群体(32.3、6.8和7.0 kg hm-2)。抽穗期植株叶片、茎鞘和穗部磷素积累量与产量呈极显著正相关;甬优12超高产群体成熟期茎鞘、叶片和穗部磷素积累量分别为14.5、4.4和62.3 kg hm-2,高于更高产群体(13.6、3.3和55.9 kg hm-2)和高产群体(11.2、2.7和48.7 kg hm-2)。成熟期植株叶片、茎鞘和穗部磷素积累量与实产呈极显著正相关。此外,花后茎鞘磷素转运量亦与产量呈极显著正相关。(3)两年中,甬优12超高产群体磷素籽粒生产率(kg grain kg-1)和偏生产力(kg kg-1)分别为171.5、92.7,低于更高产(173.2、99.6)和高产群体(173.5、100.4);超高产群体磷收获指数为0.768,显著高于更高产(0.761)和高产(0.758)群体。与对照相比,甬优12超高产群体磷素吸收具有拔节前较低、拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期高的特点。播种至拔节期磷素积累量与产量呈极显著负相关;拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期磷素积累量与产量呈极显著正相关。甬优12超高产群体磷素利用效率较低,在其超高产栽培管理中应重视磷素的高效利用。在本研究基础上探讨了提高甬优12超高产群体磷素利用效率的措施。
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