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作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (06): 873-885.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00873

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同覆盖方式和施氮量对糜子光合特性及产量性状的影响

周瑜1,**,苏旺1,2,**,王舰2,屈洋1,3,高小丽1,杨璞1,冯佰利1,*   

  1. 1旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室/西北农林科技大学, 陕西杨凌712100;2青海省农林科学院生物技术研究所, 青海西宁810016;3宝鸡市农业科学研究所, 陕西岐山722400
  • 收稿日期:2015-12-03 修回日期:2016-03-14 出版日期:2016-06-12 网络出版日期:2016-03-21
  • 通讯作者: 冯佰利, E-mail: 7012766@163.com, Tel: 13891852175
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD07B03), 国家自然科学基金项目(31371529), 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-07-12.5-A9)和陕西省小杂粮产业技术体系资助。

Effects of Mulching and Nitrogen Application on Photosynthetic Characteristicsand Yield Traits in Broomcorn Millet

ZHOU Yu1,**,SU Wang1,2,**,WANG Jian2, QU Yang1,3,GAO Xiao-Li1,YANG Pu1,FENG Bai-Li1,*   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China; 2 Research Institute of Biotechnology, Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Xining 810016, China; 3 Baoji Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Qishan 722400, China
  • Received:2015-12-03 Revised:2016-03-14 Published:2016-06-12 Published online:2016-03-21
  • Contact: 冯佰利, E-mail: 7012766@163.com, Tel: 13891852175
  • Supported by:

    The work was supported by National Key Technology Support Program of China (2014BAD07B03), the Natural Science Foundation of China (31371529), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-07-12.5-A9), and the Coarse Cereals Agro-industry Technology Research System of Shaanxi Province.

摘要:

于2011—2013年以榆糜2号为试验材料, 采用双因素裂区设计, 以覆盖栽培方式为主因素, 氮肥应用水平为副因素,调查分析不同栽培方式和施氮量下糜子光合指标及产量性状的变化。结果表明, 与传统不覆盖和不施肥相比, 覆盖和施氮均显著提高糜子开花至成熟阶段旗叶的叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr), 同时显著降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci), 光合改善效果以“W”垄覆地膜+垄间覆秸秆和180 kg·hm–2氮肥施用量最为显著。覆盖和氮肥均显著提高糜子开花期和成熟期干物质积累量、干物质在各器官中的分配量, 降低糜子花前营养器官贮藏同化物转运量及其对籽粒的贡献率, 而提高了糜子花后同化物在籽粒中的分配量及其对籽粒的贡献率。覆盖显著提高糜子产量、千粒重、穗粒数和穗长, 其调控效应以“W”垄覆地膜+垄间覆秸秆较好;随施氮量的提高, 糜子产量和千粒重先升后降, 而穗粒数和穗长持续增加, 适宜的氮肥施用量为135~145 kghm–2。因此, 建议黄土高原糜子最佳栽培措施为“W”垄覆地膜+垄间覆秸秆的二元覆盖集水保水系统结合135~145 kghm–2氮肥用量。

关键词: 糜子, 覆盖, 氮肥, 光合特性, 干物质, 产量

Abstract:

To reveal the mechanism of effects of mulching and nitrogen fertilizer on yield of broomcorn millet, we employed a split-plot design in variety Yumi 2 with mulching as main plot and nitrogen rates as subplot. In a three-year field experiment from 2011 to 2013, we investigated and related the variation of photosynthetic characteristics and yield traits indices under different mulching patterns and nitrogen rates. The results showed that compared with traditional planting (no mulching and no nitrogen), all mulching patterns and nitrogen fertilizer treatments could significantly increase chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate Pn, stomatal conductance Gsand transpiration rate Tr, and decrease intercellular CO2 concentration Ci of flag leaves from flowering to maturity in broomcorn millet, among which “W” ridge covered with common plastic film + intredune covered with straw (M4) and 180 kg ha–1 of nitrogen rate (N4) caused the most significant improvement on photosynthesis. All mulching patterns and nitrogen fertilizer treatments could significantly improve dry matter accumulation and allocation amount at flowering and maturity stages. In addition, the mulching and nitrogen fertilizer treatments significantly reduced pre-flowering reserves translocation and contribution to grain, but increased post-flowering assimilates allocation and contribution to grain. Mulching could significantly improve the grain yield, thousand grain weight, panicle grain number and panicle length of broomcorn millet, and M4 treatment showed the greatest improvement. With the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer rates, broomcorn millet grain yield and thousand grain weight increased at first and declined then, but panicle grain number and panicle length constantly increased. The best rate of nitrogen fertilizer applied in Loess Plateau was between 135 and 145 kg·ha–1. Therefore, the combination of “W” ridge covered with common plastic film + intredune covered with straw and nitrogen rate from 135 to 145 kg·ha–1 could be considered as the most efficient cultivation measure to broomcorn millet in Loess Plateau.

Key words: Broomcorn millet, Mulching, Nitrogen fertilizer, Photosynthetic characteristic, Dry matter, Yield

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