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作物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (06): 886-897.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00886

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻甬优12产量13.5 t hm-2以上超高产群体的磷素积累、分配与利用特征

韦还和1,孟天瑶1,李超1,张洪程1,*,戴其根1,*,马荣荣2,王晓燕3,杨筠文4   

  1. 1扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心 /江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室, 江苏扬州 225009；2 浙江省宁波市农业科学院作物研究所，浙江宁波 315101；3 浙江省宁波市种子公司，浙江宁波315101；4 浙江省宁波市鄞州区农业技术服务站，浙江宁波 315100
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-07 修回日期:2016-03-14 出版日期:2016-06-12 网络出版日期:2016-03-22
  • 通讯作者: 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn; 戴其根, E-mail: qgdai@yzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102), 农业部超级稻专项(02318802013231), 宁波市重大科技项目(2013C11001), 江苏省重点研发项目(BE2015340), 扬州大学研究生创新培养计划项目(KYLX15_1371), 扬州大学科技创新培育基金(2015CXJ042)和基于模型与GIS的高邮市小麦精确管理和诊断调控技术的开发与示范推广(SXGC[2013]248)资助。

Accumulation, Distribution, and Utilization Characteristics of Phosphorus in Yongyou 12 Yielding over 13.5 t ha-1#br#

WEI Huan-He1,MENG Tian-Yao1,LI Chao1,ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*,DAI Qi-Gen1,*,MA Rong-Rong2,WANG Xiao-Yan3,YANG Jun-Wen4   

  1. 1 Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; 2 Crop Research Institute, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315101, China; 3 Ningbo Seed Company of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315101, China; 4 Ningbo City Yinzhou District Agricultural Technology Extension and Service, Ningbo 315100, China
  • Received:2015-11-07 Revised:2016-03-14 Published:2016-06-12 Published online:2016-03-22
  • Contact: 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn; 戴其根, E-mail: qgdai@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303102), the Special Program of Super Rice of the Ministry of Agricultural (02318802013231),the Great Technology Project of Ningbo City (2013C11001), the Key Projects of Jiangsu Province (BE2015340), Innovative Training Program of Yangzhou University (KYLX15_1371), Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Yangzhou University (2015CXJ042), and Precise Diagnosis and Management of Control Technology Based On Modelling and GIS of Gaoyou City (SXGC[2013]248).

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摘要：

为探明甬优12超高产群体的磷素吸收与积累特征，2013—2014年，对高产(10.5~12.0 t hm-2)、更高产(12.0~13.5 t hm-2)、超高产(>13.5 t hm-2)3个产量群体的磷素吸收与积累特征等进行了系统比较研究。结果表明：(1)生育期植株含磷量，不同产量水平群体间无显著差异；拔节期磷素吸收量呈高产群体>更高产群体>超高产群体；而抽穗期和成熟期磷素吸收量则呈超高产群体>更高产群体>高产群体。播种至拔节期的磷素积累量与产量呈极显著负相关；拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期的磷素积累量与产量呈极显著正相关。(2)甬优12超高产群体抽穗期茎鞘、叶片和穗部磷素积累量分别为41.4、8.5和8.9 kg hm-2，高于更高产群体(37.9、7.6和8.1 kg hm-2)和高产群体(32.3、6.8和7.0 kg hm-2)。抽穗期植株叶片、茎鞘和穗部磷素积累量与产量呈极显著正相关；甬优12超高产群体成熟期茎鞘、叶片和穗部磷素积累量分别为14.5、4.4和62.3 kg hm-2，高于更高产群体(13.6、3.3和55.9 kg hm-2)和高产群体(11.2、2.7和48.7 kg hm-2)。成熟期植株叶片、茎鞘和穗部磷素积累量与实产呈极显著正相关。此外，花后茎鞘磷素转运量亦与产量呈极显著正相关。(3)两年中，甬优12超高产群体磷素籽粒生产率(kg grain kg-1)和偏生产力(kg kg-1)分别为171.5、92.7，低于更高产(173.2、99.6)和高产群体(173.5、100.4)；超高产群体磷收获指数为0.768，显著高于更高产(0.761)和高产(0.758)群体。与对照相比，甬优12超高产群体磷素吸收具有拔节前较低、拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期高的特点。播种至拔节期磷素积累量与产量呈极显著负相关；拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期磷素积累量与产量呈极显著正相关。甬优12超高产群体磷素利用效率较低，在其超高产栽培管理中应重视磷素的高效利用。在本研究基础上探讨了提高甬优12超高产群体磷素利用效率的措施。

关键词: 甬优12, 超高产, 群体, 磷素营养, 积累与分配

Abstract:

In order to determine the absorption and accumulation of phosphorus (P) in super high yielding rice population of Yongyou 12, the field experiments were conducted with these populations of high yield (HY, 10.5–12.0 t ha-1), higher yield (HRY, 12.0–13.5 t ha-1), and super high yield (SHY, >13.5 t ha-1) in 2013 and 2014. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in P content of plant at each growth stage among three yield groups. HY showed the highest P plant uptake while SHY the lowest at jointing among three yield groups. Opposite trends were observed at heading and maturity stages. There existed a significant (P<0.01) and negative correlation of the grain yield with P accumulation from sowing to jointing, while significant (P<0.01) and positive correlations of grain yield with P accumulation from jointing to heading, and from heading to maturity. P accumulation in the stem and sheath, leaf, and panicle at heading was 41.4, 8.5, and 8.9 kg ha-1, respectively for SHY, higher than thosefor HRY (37.9, 7.6, 8.1 kg ha-1) and HY (32.3, 6.8, 7.0 kg ha-1). There existed significant (P<0.01) and positive correlations of grain yield with P accumulation in stem and sheath, leaf, and panicle at heading. P accumulation of SHY in stem and sheath, leaf, and panicle at maturity was 14.5, 4.4, 62.3 kg ha-1, respectively, higher than those of HRY (13.6, 3.3, 55.9 kg ha-1) and HY (11.2, 2.7, 48.7 kg ha-1). There existed significant and positive linear correlation of grain yield with P accumulation in the stem and sheath, leaf, and panicle at maturity and with P translocation from stem and sheath to grain after heading. When values were averaged across two years,internal nutrient efficiency (kg grain kg-1) and partial factor productivity (kg kg-1) of SHY were 171.5 and 92.7, respectively, less than those of HRY (173.2, 99.6) and HY (173.5, 100.4). Harvest index of P of SHY was 0.768, significantly higher than that of HRY (0.761) and HY (0.758). SHY showed lower P accumulation before jointing, while higher P accumulation from jointing to heading, and from heading to maturity, when compared with check. There existed significant (P<0.01) and negative correlation of grain yield with P accumulation from sowing to jointing, while significant (P<0.01) and positive correlations of grain yield with P accumulation from jointing to heading, and heading to maturity. Relatively low P use efficiency was observed in SHY, a great attention should be paid to improving P use efficiency. Finally, methods to improve P use efficiency of SHY forYongyou 12 were discussed.

Key words: Yongyou 12, Super high yielding, Population, Phosphorus nutrient, Accumulation and distribution

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