膜下滴灌条件下高产甜菜灌溉的生理指标

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01724

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甜菜是我国重要的糖料作物，其生物产量高，需水量大，合理灌溉是节约用水、提高产量的有效措施之一。本试验连续两年研究了内蒙古半干旱地区膜下滴灌条件下，不同灌水量甜菜块根产量与叶面积指数、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶水势、土壤含水量和耗水量之间的关系，以及不同灌水量对甜菜产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，高产甜菜的叶面积指数在叶丛快速生长期大于7.37，在块根糖分增长期和糖分积累期分别为6.08~6.51和4.19~5.57，在叶丛快速生长期、块根糖分增长期和糖分积累期叶水势分别为–0.09~ –0.22 MPa、–0.18~ –0.39 Mpa和–0.26~ –0.48 MPa，净光合速率分别为21.28~28.23 μmol m^–2 s^–1、21.90~28.75 μmol m^–2 s^–1和22.06~26.58 μmol m^–2 s^–1，蒸腾速率在叶丛快速生长期和块根糖分增长期分别为9.36~10.21 mmol m^–2 s^–1和6.37~7.73 mmol m^–2 s^–1，在糖分积累期大于4.69 mmol m^–2 s^–1，耗水量分别为140.15~312.78 mm、44.93~200.45 mm和56.32~113.06 mm。甜菜产量、产糖量、水分利用效率均高的合理灌溉量，在丰雨年份(生育期降雨量>500 mm)为1350 m³ hm^–2，在少雨年份(生育期降雨量<300 mm)为1800 m³ hm^–2，为甜菜节水灌溉提供了理论依据和生理指标。

关键词: 膜下滴灌, 甜菜, 生理指标, 产量, 含糖率

Abstract:

Sugar beet is one of the important sugar crops in China, having high biological yield and high water consumption. The reasonable irrigation is one of the effective measures to save water and improve yield. In this experiment, the relationship among sugar beet yield, leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf water potential, soil moisture and water consumption, and different irrigation water effects on sugar beet yield and water use efficiency were studied under plastic mulching with drip irrigation for two consecutive years in Inner Mongolia semi-arid regions. In high yielding sugar beet leaf area index was more than 7.37 in fast growth stage of leaf, 6.08–6.51, and 4.19–5.57 in root growth and sugar accumulation periods, in fast growth stage of leaf, root growth and sugar accumulation periods leaf water potential was 0.09–0.22 MPa, 0.18–0.39 MPa, 0.26–0.48 MPa, net photosynthetic rate was 21.28–28.23 μmol m^–2 s^–1, 21.90–28.75 μmol·m^–2 s^–1, 22.06–26.58 μmol m^–2 s^–1, respectively, transpiration rate in fast growth stage of leaf and root growth period was 9.36–10.21 mmol·m^–2 s^–1 and 6.37–7.73 mmol·m^–2 s^–1, respectively, and more than 4.69 mmol m^–2 s^–1 in sugar accumulation period, water consumption was 140.15–312.78 mm, 44.93–200.45 mm and 44.93–113.06 mm in the three growth stages, respectively. For high yield, high sugar yield and high water use efficiency, the reasonable irrigation water should be 1350 m³ hm^–2 in the year of abundant rain (growth periods rainfall > 500 mm)and 1800 m³ hm^–2 in the year of little rain (growth periods rainfall < 300 mm), which provides a theoretical basis and physiological indicators for sugar beet water-saving irrigation.

Key words: Drip irrigation under plastic mulching, Sugar beet, Physiological indexes, Yield, Sugar content

李智,李国龙,张永丰,于超,苏文斌,樊福义,张少英. 膜下滴灌条件下高产甜菜灌溉的生理指标[J]. 作物学报, 2017, 43(11): 1724-1730.

LI Zhi,LI Guo-Long,ZHANG Yong-Feng,YU Chao,SU Wen-Bin,FAN Fu-Yi,ZHANG Shao-Ying. Physiological Indices of High-Yielding Sugar Beet Under Drip Irrigation and Plastic Mulching[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2017, 43(11): 1724-1730.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01724

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2017/V43/I11/1724

参考文献

[1] 王瑗, 盛连喜, 李科, 孙弘颜. 中国水资源现状分析与可持续发展对策研究. 水资源与水工程学报, 2008, 19(3): 10–14
Wang Y, Sheng L X, Li K, Sun H Y. Analysis of present situation of water resources and countermeasures for sustainble development in China. Water Resources & Water Engin, 2008, 19(3): 10–14 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] 王昱, 赵廷红, 李波, 范兴业. 西北内陆干旱地区农户采用节水灌溉技术意愿影响因素分析. 节水灌溉, 2012, (11): 50–54
Wang Y, Zhao T H, Li B, Fan X Y. Affecting factors of farmers willingness to adopt water-saving technology in northwest arid region of China. Water Saving Irrig, 2007, (4): 41– 43(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] 王敏, 王海霞, 韩清芳, 李荣, 张睿, 贾志宽, 杨宝平. 不同材料覆盖的土壤水温效应及对玉米生长的影响. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 1249–1258
Wang M, Wang H X, Han Q F, Li R, Zhang R, Jia Z K, Yang B P. Effects of different mulching materials on soil water, temperature, and corn growth. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 1249– 1258 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] 胡晓棠, 李明思, 马富裕. 膜下滴灌棉花的土壤干旱诊断指标与灌水决策. 农业工程学报, 2002, 18(1) : 49–53
Hu X T, Li M S, Ma F Y. Drought diagnosis indexes and drip irragation decision making for cotton under mulch. Trans CSAE, 2002, 18(1): 49–53 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 张超, 占东霞, 张亚黎, 罗宏海, 勾玲, 张旺锋. 膜下滴灌对棉花生育后期叶片与苞叶光合特性的影响. 作物学报, 2015, 41: 100–108
Zhang C,Zhan D X, Zhang Y L, Luo H H, Gou L, Zhang W F. Effects of drip irrigation on photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and bracts in cotton at late growth stage. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41: 100–108 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] Luo H H, Zhang Y L, Zhang W F. Effects of water stress and re-watering on photosynthesis, root activity, and yield of cotton with drip irrigation under mulch. Photosynthetica, 2016, 54: 65–73
[7] 占东霞, 张超, 张亚黎, 罗宏海, 勾玲, 张旺锋. 膜下滴灌水分亏缺下棉花开花后非叶绿色器官光合特性及其对产量的贡献. 作物学报, 2015, 41: 1880–1887
Zhan D X, Zhang C, Zhang Y L, Luo H H, Gou L, Zhang W F. Photosynthetic characteristics after flowering and contribution of non-leaf green organs of cotton to yield under mulching-drip irrigation with water deficiency. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41: 1880–1887 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] El-Hendawy S E, Kotab M A, Al-Suhaibani N A, Schmidhalter U. Optimal coupling combinations between the irrigation rate and glycinebetaine levels for improving yield and water use efficiency of drip-irrigated maize grown under arid conditions. Agric Water Manag, 2014, 140 : 69–78
[9] van Donk S J, Petersen J L, Davison D R. Effect of amount and timing of subsurface drip irrigation on corn yield. Irrig Sci, 2013, 31: 599–609
[10] 姬景红, 李玉影, 刘双全，佟玉欣. 覆膜滴灌对玉米光合特性、物质积累及水分利用效率的影响. 玉米科学, 2015, 23(1) : 128–133
Ji J H, Li Y Y, Liu S Q, Tong Y X. Effect of drip irrigation under plastic film mulch on photosynthetic, dry matter accumulation and water use efficiency. J Maize Sci, 2015, 23(1): 128–133 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 程裕伟, 马富裕, 冯治磊, 王谊, 樊华, 廖江, 韩广泉. 滴灌条件下春小麦耗水规律研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 2012, 30(2): 112–117
Cheng Y W, Ma F Y, Feng Z L, Wang Y, Fan H, Liao J, Han G Q . Study on water consumption rules in spring wheat under drip irrigation. Agric Res Arid Areas, 2012, 30(2): 112–117 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 秦军红, 陈有君, 周长艳, 庞保平, 蒙美莲. 膜下滴灌灌溉频率对马铃薯生长、产量及水分利用率的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2013, 21: 824–830
Qin J H, Chen Y J, Zhou C Y, Pang B P, Meng M L. Effects of frequency of drip irrigation frequency under mulch on potato growth, yield and water use efficiency. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2013, 21: 824–830 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 李智, 李国龙, 刘蒙, 张永丰, 尹成怀, 张少英. 膜下滴灌条件下甜菜水分代谢特点的研究. 节水灌溉, 2015, (9): 52– 56
Li Z, Li G L, Liu M, Zhang Y F, Yin C H, Zhang S Y. Study on water metabolism characteristics of sugar beet under plastic mulching drip irrigation. Water Saving Irrig, 2015, (9): 52– 56 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] Kiymaz S, Ertek A. Water use and yield of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under drip irrigation at different water regimes. Agric Water Manag, 2015, 158: 225–234
[15] Hassanli A M, Ahmadirad S, Beecham S. Evaluation of the influence of irrigation methods and water quality on sugar beet yield and water use efficiency. Agric Water Manag, 2010, 97: 357–362
[16] Topak R, Süheri R, Acar B. Comparison of energy of irrigation regimes in sugar beet production in a semi-arid region. Energy, 2010, 35: 5464–5471
[17] Sahin U, Ors S, Kiziloglu S M, Kuslu Y. Evaluation of water use and yield responses of drip-irrigated sugar beet with different irrigation techniques. Agric Res, 2014, 74: 302–310
[18] 陈连江, 陈丽. 我国甜菜产业现状及发展对策. 中国糖料, 2010, (4) : 62–68
Chen L J, Chen L. Sugar beets present situation and development countermeasures in China. Sugar Crops China, 2010, (4): 62–68 (in Chinese)
[19] 高宝军, 韩卫平, 祁勇, 马丽宏, 卢秉福. 内蒙古甜菜生产优势分析. 中国糖料, 2013, (4): 53–59
Gao B J, Han W P, Qi Y, Ma L H, Lu B F. Advantage analysis of sugarbeet planting in the Inner Mongolia. Sugar Crops China, 2013, (4): 53–59 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] Pidgeon J D, Werker A R, Jaggard K W, Richter G M, Lister D H, Jones P D. Climatic impact on the productivity of sugar beet in Europe, 1961–1995. Agric Forest Meteorol, 2001, 109: 27–37
[21] Romano A, Sorgona A, Lupini A, Araniti F, Stevanato P, Cacco G, Abenavoli M R. Morpho-physiological responses of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genotypes to drought stress. Acta Physiol Plant, 2013, 35: 853–865
[22] 戴婷婷, 张展羽, 邵光成. 膜下滴灌技术及其发展趋势分析. 节水灌溉, 2007, (2): 43– 44
Dai T T, Zhang Z Y, Shao G C. Analysis development tendency of drip irrigation under mulch. Water Sav Irrig, 2007, (2): 43– 44 (in Chinese)
[23] 夏桂敏, 褚凤英, 陈俊秀, 陈高明, 姚珍珠. 膜下滴灌条件下不同水分处理对黑花生产量及水分利用效率的影响. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2014, 45(6): 11–14
Xia G M, Chu F Y, Chen J X, Chen G M, Yao Z Z. Effects of different water treatments on yield and water use efficiency of black peanut with drip irrigation under film mulch. J Shenyang Agric Univ, 2014, 45(6): 11–14 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 张荣萍, 马均, 王贺正, 李艳, 李旭毅, 汪仁全. 不同灌水方式对水稻结实期一些生理性状和产量的影响. 作物学报, 2008, 34: 486–495
Zhang R P, Ma J, Wang H Z, Li Y, Li X Y, Wang R Q. Effects of different irrigation regimes on some physiology characteristics and grain yield in paddy rice during grain filling. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34: 486– 495 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] 王玉明, 张子义, 樊明寿. 马铃薯膜下滴灌节水及生产效率的初步研究. 中国马铃薯, 2009, 23(3) : 148–151
Wang Y M, Zhang Z Y, Fan M S. Water use efficiency and water production efficiency of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with under-mulch drip irrigation. Chin Potato J, 2009, 23(3): 148–151 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26] Topak R, Su¨heri S, Acar B. Effect of different drip irrigation regimes on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield, quality and water use efficiency in Middle Anatolian, Turkey. Irrig Sci, 2011, 29(1): 79–89
[27] 张娜, 张永强, 李大平, 牛海生, 张洋, 胡春军, 赵有来, 徐文修. 滴灌量对冬小麦光合特性及干物质积累过程的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2014, 34: 795–801
Zhang N, Zhang Y Q, Li D P, Niu H S, Zhang Y, Hu C J, Zhao Y L, Xu W X. Effect of drip irrigation amount on photosynthesis characteristics and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat. J Triticeae Crops, 2014, 34: 795–801 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28] Monti A, Brugnoli E, Scartazza A, Amaducci M T. The effect of transient and continuous drought on yield, photosynthesis and carbon isotope discrimination in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Exp Bot, 2006, 57: 1253–1262
[29] Kosobryukhov A A, Bil’ K Y, Nishio J N. Sugar beet photosynthesis under conditions of increasing water deficiency in soil and protective effects of a low-molecular-weight alcohol. Appl Biochem Microbiol, 2004, 40: 668–674

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed