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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1858-1866.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01858

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥分期运筹对套作甘薯产量、品质及氮素效率的影响

安建刚,敬夫,丁祎,肖怡,尚浩浩,李宏利,杨晓璐,唐道彬,王季春()   

  1. 西南大学农学与生物科技学院, 重庆400716
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-04 接受日期:2018-07-20 出版日期:2018-12-12 网络出版日期:2018-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 王季春
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由“十三五”重庆市薯类主题专项重大项目资助(CSTC2015shms-ztzx80002);本研究由“十三五”重庆市薯类主题专项重大项目资助(CSTC2015shms-ztzx80003);本研究由“十三五”重庆市薯类主题专项重大项目资助(CSTC2015shms-ztzx80004)

Effects of Split Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Sweet Potato

Jian-Gang AN,Fu JING,Yi DING,Yi XIAO,Hao-Hao SHANG,Hong-Li LI,Xiao-Lu YANG,Dao-Bin TANG,Ji-Chun WANG()   

  1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
  • Received:2018-03-04 Accepted:2018-07-20 Published:2018-12-12 Published online:2018-07-20
  • Contact: Ji-Chun WANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the “13th Five-Year” Potato Theme Project of Chongqing(CSTC2015shms-ztzx80002);This study was supported by the “13th Five-Year” Potato Theme Project of Chongqing(CSTC2015shms-ztzx80003);This study was supported by the “13th Five-Year” Potato Theme Project of Chongqing(CSTC2015shms-ztzx80004)

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摘要：

为了探寻套作甘薯高产优质的氮肥运筹方式, 以甘薯套作及单作为主区, 定量氮肥全部基施、分2期和分3期运筹为副区, 于2015—2016两年度探讨了不同处理对2个甘薯品种(渝紫7号和万薯10号)块根产量、品质及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明, 2个品种无论单作或套作, 定量氮肥分2期或分3期运筹显著提高甘薯块根产量、单薯重、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、氮肥表观利用率和氮肥偏生产力; 套作中定量氮肥不同运筹方式对2个甘薯品种商品薯率影响不显著, 但单作中分3期运筹时最高; 万薯10号块根β-胡萝卜素含量以定量氮肥分3期运筹最高, 渝紫7号块根花青素含量以分2期和3期运筹最高, 2个品种块根淀粉含量以氮肥全部基施最高。套作降低了除甘薯块根可溶性糖含量外的其他营养品质以及产量和氮肥利用效率, 但套作定量氮肥分2期或3期运筹, 可使这些指标达到或优于单作氮肥全部基施水平。为提高块根淀粉含量, 定量的氮肥宜采用全部基施, 为同时优化其他营养品质、提高甘薯产量和氮肥利用效率, 定量的氮肥宜采用分2期或分3期运筹。

关键词: 套作甘薯, 氮肥分期运筹, 产量, 营养品质, 氮素利用效率

Abstract:

To explore the optimal split nitrogen fertilizer application methods for high yield and quality sweet potato production in intercropping, we conducted a field experiment using two sweet potato cultivars Yuzi 7 and Wanshu 10 with single N application, 2-split and 3-split N application, and measured the yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency in monocropping and interplanting in 2015-2016. The yield, single storage root weight, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content of storage root, apparent nitrogen use efficiency and partial nitrogen productivity were significantly increased in the two tested cultivars under 2-split and 3-split N application in monocropping and interplanting. Under interplanting, commodity rate was not significantly different in the two cultivars among the three N application treatments, however, the highest commodity rate was obtained under 3-split N application in monocropping. The highest content of β-carotene in the storage root was obtained when 3-split N application was used in Wanshu 10, and the highest content of anthocyanin in the storage root was obtained when 2-split N application was used in Yuzi 7, but the highest starch content of storage root was obtained when non-split N application was used in the two cultivars. All of the quality traits except soluble protein content of storage root, and yield and nitrogen use efficiency reduced in intercropping, but these traits were equal or better in 2 or 3-split N application when compared to those in monocropping. In conclusion, non-split N application could be used to increase the starch content of storage root, and 2 or 3-split N application could be used to increase other quality traits, yield and nitrogen efficiency of sweet potato.

Key words: sweet potato-maize interplanting, split application of nitrogen fertilizer, yield, quality, nitrogen use efficiency

表1

不同试验年份移栽前土壤肥力状况"

年份
Year		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全N
Total N
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Available nitrogen
(mg kg-1)		 有效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg kg-1)
2015 11.356 0.427 54.17 54.84 204.83
2016 10.442 0.546 81.99 19.24 175.60

表2

甘薯产量性状及氮肥利用效率"

图1

万薯10号β-胡萝卜素含量 A: 甘薯单作; B: 玉米/甘薯; NOA: 定量氮肥全部基施; NSA: 定量氮肥分2期运筹; NTA: 定量氮肥分3期运筹。图柱顶端不同字母表示处理间差异达到0.05显著水平。"

图2

渝紫7号花青素含量 图柱顶端不同字母表示处理间差异达到0.05显著水平。缩写同图1。"

图3

甘薯块根可溶性蛋白含量 图柱顶端不同字母表示处理间差异达到0.05显著水平。缩写同图1。"

图4

甘薯块根淀粉含 图柱顶端不同字母表示处理间差异达到0.05显著水平。缩写同图1。"

图5

甘薯块根可溶性糖含量 图柱顶端不同字母表示处理间差异达到0.05显著水平。缩写同图1。"

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