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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (01): 93-101.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94043

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

棉花根系生长与叶片衰老的协调性

王素芳,薛惠云,张志勇(),汤菊香   

  1. 河南科技学院/河南省现代生物育种协同创新中心/河南省棉麦分子生态和种质创新重点实验室, 河南新乡 453003
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-18 接受日期:2019-08-09 出版日期:2020-01-12 网络出版日期:2019-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 张志勇
  • 作者简介:E-mail: wang2010sufang@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目资助(31271648);本研究由国家自然科学基金项目资助(31571600)

Coordination of root growth and leaf senescence in cotton

WANG Su-Fang,XUE Hui-Yun,ZHANG Zhi-Yong(),TANG Ju-Xiang   

  1. Henan Institute of Science and Technology/Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding/Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
  • Received:2019-03-18 Accepted:2019-08-09 Published:2020-01-12 Published online:2019-09-10
  • Contact: Zhi-Yong ZHANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271648, 31571600).(31271648);This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271648, 31571600).(31571600)

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摘要：

为探索棉花根系生长和叶片衰老之间的协调性, 选用早熟性一致但衰老快慢有明显差异的棉花基因型百棉1号(叶片衰老慢)和DP99B (叶片衰老快), 于2011—2012年, 在田间条件下研究了其根系生长和活力、叶片衰老和产量。结果表明, 2年间百棉1号的纤维产量(皮棉及霜前皮棉)均显著高于DP99B。百棉1号的叶片光合作用或基于吸收光能的性能指数显著高于DP99B。百棉1号的根系长度密度和根系深层分布比例及根系活力(以伤流液总量和伤流液蛋白质含量表示)显著高于DP99B。2012年结果显示, DP99B根系生长比百棉1号快, 并且DP99B根系长度密度及根系活力分别在8月中旬和7月下旬显著高于百棉1号, 且伤流液分泌总量是百棉1号的1.7倍。棉花盛花期后, 根系密度大、伤流液分泌多和叶片衰老晚具有一致性, 证实棉花叶片衰老受后期根系生长和活力的调控。

关键词: 棉花, 根系分布, 根长密度, 伤流液, 叶片衰老

Abstract:

Two cotton cultivars, Baimian 1 and DP99B, were used to investigate the root growth and vigor, leaf senescence and yield in the field during 2011-2012. Baimian 1 produced higher cotton fiber yield than DP99B during two years. Baimian 1 had better leaf photosynthetic rate or performance index based on light energy absorption, higher root length density (RLD) and better root distribution, and higher root vigor than DP99B, evidenced by higher volume of bleeding sap, in which higher percentage of protein contents was contained. In 2012, DP99B had faster root growth with higher RLD at middle August and higher root vigor at late July than Baimian 1, and the total xylem sap amount of DP99B was 1.7 times that of Baimian 1. After bloom peaking, the higher density of root, more bleeding sap and slower leaf senescence showed the coordination to a great extent, confirming that leaf senescence is regulated by root growth and root vigor in later cotton growth season.

Key words: cotton, root distribution, root length density, bleeding sap, leaf senescence

表1

大田条件下, 2个棉花基因型的产量和霜前籽棉率"

年份Year 品种
Variety		 籽棉
Seed cotton
(kg hm-2)		 皮棉
Ginned cotton
(kg hm-2)		 霜前籽棉
Seed cotton before frost (kg hm-2)		 霜前皮棉
Ginned cotton before frost (kg hm-2)		 霜前籽棉率
Ratio of seed cotton before frost (%)
2011 DP99B 4026.0 a 1576.5 b 3375.0 a 1318.5 b 83.8 a
百棉1号Baimian 1 4164.0 a 1792.5 a 3573.0 a 1539.0 a 85.8 a
2012 DP99B 4026.0 b 1587.0 b 3829.5 b 1509.0 b 95.1 a
百棉1号Baimian 1 4656.0 a 2019.0 a 4311.0 a 1869.0 a 92.6 a

表2

2012年2个基因型棉花白花以上主茎节数/开白花动态"

基因型
Genotype		 日期 Date
June 28/June 30 July 5/July 7 July 12/July 14 July 19/July 21 July 26/July 28 -/August 4
DP99B 8.3 b/2 a 6.7 b/14 a 6.8 b/31 a 6.0 b/11 a 3.8 a/15 b -/16 b
百棉1号Baimian 1 9.4 a/1 a 7.5 a/13 a 7.2 a/31 a 6.6 a/11 a 3.8 a/19 a -/23 a

图1

2011年2个基因型棉花倒一叶净光合速率Pn变化趋势"

表3

2012年不同基因型棉花叶片叶绿素荧光随时间的变化趋势"

日期
Date (month/day)		 基因型
Genotype		 倒1叶 First leaf counted from stem top
Fo Fv/Fm PIABS
7/20 DP99B 526 a 0.84 a 6.98 a
百棉1号 Baimian 1 541 a 0.84 a 6.97 a
8/10 DP99B 558 a 0.83 a 4.71 b
百棉1号 Baimian 1 538 a 0.84 a 5.83 a
8/30 DP99B 551 a 0.84 a 5.10 b
百棉1号 Baimian 1 477 b 0.84 a 6.10 a
9/20 DP99B 604 a 0.80 b 2.72 b
百棉1号 Baimian 1 551 b 0.83 a 3.77 a
10/11 DP99B 610 a 0.76 b 0.51 b
百棉1号Baimian 1 487 b 0.83 a 2.68 a

表4

2011年9月20日不同基因型棉花根系长度密度、面积密度、体积密度及纵向分布"

土层深度
Soil depth		 根长度密度RLD (mm cm-3) 根表面积密度RSD (mm2 cm-3) 根体积密度RVD (mm3 cm-3)
DP99B 百棉1号Baimian 1 DP99B 百棉1号Baimian 1 DP99B 百棉1号Baimian 1
0-20 cm 3.27 a 2.76 a 4.62 a 3.37 b 0.51 a 0.33 b
20-40 cm 1.55 b 3.47 a 2.34 b 4.61 a 0.28 b 0.48 a
0-40 cm 2.41 b 3.12 a 3.48 a 3.99 a 0.39 a 0.41 a
纵向分布LD (%) 47.33 b 125.98 a 50.63 b 136.56 a 55.00 b 146.15 a

表5

2012年不同基因型棉花根系长度密度、面积密度、体积密度及纵向分布"

日期
Date (month/day)		 土层深度
Soil depth
(cm)		 根长度密度
RLD (mm cm-3)		 根表面积密度
RSD (mm cm-3)		 根体积密度
RVD (mm3 cm-3)
DP99B 百棉1号Baimian 1 DP99B 百棉1号
Baimian 1		 DP99B 百棉1号Baimian 1
7/4 0-20 2.00 a 2.17 a 2.50 a 2.60 a 0.25 a 0.25 a
20-40 1.61 a 1.98 a 1.98 a 2.53 a 0.19 a 0.25 a
40-60 0.79 b 1.11 a 1.20 b 1.72 a 0.15 a 0.21 a
60-80 0.30 a 0.28 a 0.56 a 0.51 a 0.08 a 0.08 a
0-80 1.17 a 1.38 a 1.56 a 1.84 a 0.17 a 0.20 a
纵向分布LD (%) 30.17 a 33.34 a 39.43 a 43.63 a 52.38 a 58.33 a
7/24 0-20 5.57 a 5.08 a 6.02 a 5.66 a 0.53 a 0.51 a
20-40 3.24 a 2.61 a 4.06 a 2.82 b 0.40 a 0.23 b
40-60 2.26 b 3.36 a 2.55 b 4.04 a 0.23 b 0.38 a
60-80 1.20 a 1.24 a 1.75 a 1.67 a 0.21 a 0.19 a
0-80 3.07 a 3.07 a 3.60 a 3.55 a 0.34 a 0.33 a
纵向分布LD (%) 39.24 b 59.81 a 42.64 b 67.38 a 47.73 b 77.14 a
8/11 0-20 9.26 a 7.28 b 8.38 a 6.59 b 0.62 a 0.47 a
20-40 3.67 a 2.93 a 3.75 a 2.94 b 0.30 a 0.23 a
40-60 3.27 a 3.49 a 3.67 a 3.89 a 0.34 a 0.34 a
60-80 2.06 a 1.56 a 2.54 a 2.14 a 0.25 a 0.23 a
0-80 4.57 a 3.82 b 4.59 a 3.89 b 0.38 a 0.32 a
纵向分布LD (%) 41.26 b 49.48 a 51.21 b 63.28 a 65.12 b 81.82 a
9/3 0-20 6.47 b 8.85 a 6.62 b 8.66 a 0.53 b 0.68 a
20-40 3.12 a 3.39 a 3.11 a 3.67 a 0.25 a 0.32 a
40-60 2.56 a 2.16 a 2.67 a 2.20 a 0.21 a 0.19 a
60-80 1.40 a 1.66 a 1.91 a 2.33 a 0.21 a 0.25 a
0-80 3.39 a 4.01 a 3.58 a 4.21 a 0.30 a 0.36 a
纵向分布LD (%) 41.31 a 31.22 b 47.12 a 36.71 b 54.05 a 44.68 b
9/23 0-20 6.91 b 9.24 a 9.10 b 11.42 a 0.98 b 1.12 a
20-40 3.75 b 5.18 a 4.35 b 5.57 a 0.40 a 0.49 a
40-60 3.07 b 3.95 a 3.28 b 4.66 a 0.28 b 0.45 a
60-80 1.37 b 3.06 a 1.88 b 3.89 a 0.21 b 0.40 a
0-80 3.78 b 5.36 a 4.65 b 6.38 a 0.47 b 0.62 a
纵向分布LD (%) 41.67 b 48.65 a 38.33 b 50.29 a 35.38 b 52.63 a
10/13 0-20 6.03 b 9.86 a 7.05 b 10.87 a 0.68 b 0.95 a
20-40 3.00 b 3.47 a 4.04 b 5.52 a 0.42 b 0.70 a
40-60 1.99 b 3.55 a 2.36 b 4.31 a 0.23 b 0.42 a
60-80 1.17 b 1.88 a 1.48 b 2.66 a 0.15 b 0.30 a
0-80 3.05 b 4.69 a 3.73 b 5.84 a 0.37 b 0.59 a
纵向分布LD (%) 34.99 b 40.67 a 34.63 b 42.53 a 34.62 b 43.59 a

表6

2012年2个基因型棉花根系伤流液总量、流速及蛋白质含量"

日期
Date
(month/day)		 基因型
Genotype		 伤流液 Bleeding sap
总量
Total volume (mL)		 流速
Velocity
(μL h-1)		 蛋白质含量
Protein conc.
(μg mL-1)		 蛋白质总量
Total protein content
(μg)
7/22 DP99B 11.1 a 38.4 a 0.8 a 9.4 a
百棉1号Baimian 1 6.6 b 23.0 b 0.8 a 5.1 b
8/02 DP99B 8.5 a 29.6 a 1.5 a 12.2 a
百棉1号Baimian 1 7.3 a 25.5 a 1.4 a 10.4 a
8/22 DP99B 4.9 b 17.1 b 2.7 a 13.6 b
百棉1号Baimian 1 14.0 a 48.7 a 2.3 b 31.1 a
9/15 DP99B 0.4 b 1.4 b 1.2 a 0.5 b
百棉1号Baimian 1 7.1 a 24.7 a 1.0 a 7.3 a
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