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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 745-758.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94111

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆鼓粒期生理和产量的影响

邹京南,于奇,金喜军,王明瑶,秦彬,任春元,王孟雪,张玉先()   

  1. 黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-01 接受日期:2019-12-26 出版日期:2020-05-12 网络出版日期:2020-01-14
  • 通讯作者: 张玉先
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zoujingnan222@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201000);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04-01A);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C2017049);黑龙江省农垦总局重点科研计划项目(HNK135-02-06);国家重点研究开发项目子课题“东北地区抗旱灌溉与优质高产春大豆关系的研究”项目资助(2018YFD1000905)

Effects of exogenous melatonin on physiology and yield of soybean during seed filling stage under drought stress

Jing-Nan ZOU,Qi YU,Xi-Jun JIN,Ming-Yao WANG,Bin QIN,Chun-Yuan REN,Meng-Xue WANG,Yu-Xian ZHANG()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2019-08-01 Accepted:2019-12-26 Published:2020-05-12 Published online:2020-01-14
  • Contact: Yu-Xian ZHANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program(2018YFD0201000);the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-04-01A);the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(C2017049);the Heilongjiang Provincial Land Reclamation Bureau Key Research Project(HNK135-02-06);the National Key Research and Development Project Sub-Project: Research on the Relationship between Drought-Resistant Irrigation and High-Quality and High-Yield Spring Soybean in Northeast China.(2018YFD1000905)

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摘要：

干旱胁迫降低大豆产量, 探究提高大豆耐旱能力和降低产量损失的机制对大豆生产具有重要意义。施褪黑素能缓解干旱胁迫对植株生长的抑制和氧化损伤。本试验于2017—2018年研究叶面喷施褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆鼓粒期叶片光合、抗逆、碳氮代谢和产量的影响表明, 外源褪黑素提高干旱胁迫下大豆叶片抗氧化酶活性, 抑制活性氧的产生和细胞膜损伤, 缓解干旱胁迫对光合能力的抑制, 提高碳氮同化能力, 最终缓解干旱胁迫造成的产量损失。与干旱胁迫相比, 褪黑素处理下单株荚数、单株粒数和百粒重两年平均提高了2.9%、0.8%和17.2%, 产量(单株粒重)平均提高了14.7%。

关键词: 褪黑素, 大豆, 干旱, 光合, 抗氧化系统, 碳氮代谢, 产量

Abstract:

Drought stress reduces soybean yield. Exploring the mechanism of improving drought tolerance and reducing yield loss is of great significance for soybean production. Melatonin application can alleviate the growth inhibition and oxidative damage of plants under drought stress. In this experiment, the effects of foliar application of melatonin on photosynthesis, stress resistance, carbon and nitrogen metabolism and yield of soybean during seed filling stage under drought stress were studied in 2017-2018. The application exogenous melatonin increased the antioxidant enzyme activity, inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species, decreased cell membrane damage under drought stress, alleviated the inhibition of photosynthetic capacity by drought stress, improved the carbon and nitrogen assimilation ability, and alleviated the yield loss caused by drought stress. Compared with drought stress, the treatment of melatonin increased the number of pods per plant, the grain number per plant and the hundred grain weight by 2.9%, 0.8%, and 17.2% on average of two years, respectively, and the yield (grain weight per plant) increased by 14.7%.

Key words: melatonin, soybean, drought, photosynthesis, antioxidant system, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, yield

图1

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆鼓粒期叶片光合参数和Rubisco活性的影响 A: 净光合速率; B: 气孔导度; C: 蒸腾速率; D: 胞间二氧化碳浓度; E: 水分利用率; F: 核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶。WW: 鼓粒期开始保持80%田间持水量叶片喷施5 d清水对照; D: 鼓粒期开始停止供水保持50%田间持水量叶片喷施5 d清水干旱胁迫处理; MT+D: 鼓粒期开始停止供水保持50%田间持水量叶片喷施5 d 100 μmol L-1褪黑素加干旱胁迫处理。10: 不同处理10 d后第1次取样, WW维持80%田间持水量, D和MT+D停止供水达到50%田间持水量; 17: 不同处理17 d后第2次取样, WW维持80%田间持水量, D和MT+D第1次取样结束后维持50%田间持水量; 24: 不同处理24 d后第3次取样, WW维持80%田间持水量, D和MT+D第2次取样结束后继续维持50%田间持水量。标以不同字母的柱值在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。"

图2

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆鼓粒期叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响 A: 光系统II光能转换效率; B: 光化学猝灭系数; C: 表观电子传递速率; D: 非光化学猝灭系数; E: 光系统II实际光化学效率; F: 光系统II实际最大光能转化效率。标以不同字母的柱值在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同图1。 "

图3

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆鼓粒期叶片碳代谢的影响 A: 蔗糖磷酸合酶; B: 蔗糖合酶; C: 酸性转化酶; D: 中性转化酶; E: 可溶性糖; F: 淀粉; G: 果糖; H: 蔗糖。标以不同字母的柱值在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同图1。"

图4

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆鼓粒期叶片氮代谢的影响 A: 铵态氮; B: 硝态氮; C: 硝酸还原酶; D: 谷氨酰胺合成酶; E: 谷氨酸脱氢酶; F: 谷氨酸合成酶。标以不同字母的柱值在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同图1。"

图5

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆鼓粒期叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响 A: 超氧化物歧化酶; B: 过氧化物酶; C: 过氧化氢酶; D: 抗坏血酸过氧化物酶; E: 谷胱甘肽还原酶; F: 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶; G: 单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶; H: 脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶。标以不同字母的柱值在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同图1。"

图6

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆鼓粒期叶片抗氧化剂含量的影响 A: 谷胱甘肽; B: 抗坏血酸。标以不同字母的柱值在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同图1。"

图7

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆鼓粒期叶片膜脂过氧化的影响 A: 超氧阴离子产生速率; B: 过氧化氢含量; C: 丙二醛含量; D: 相对电导率。标以不同字母的柱值在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同图1。"

表1

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下鼓粒期大豆产量以及减产率和缓解率的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 单株荚数
Pods per plant		 单株粒数
Seeds per pod		 单株粒重
Grain weight
per plant (g)		 百粒重
Hundred grain
weigh (g)		 减产率
Yield reduction
rate (%)		 缓解率
Remission rate
(%)
2017 MT+D 24.80±1.52 a 46.63±6.92 a 9.75±0.83 b 16.55±2.21 b
D 24.32±2.15 a 46.27±4.47 a 8.61±1.42 bc 14.01±1.19 c -24.6 9.9
WW 25.80±1.40 a 47.70±3.40 a 11.42±1.89 a 20.78±0.83 a
2018 MT+D 22.08±0.64 ab 42.53±1.90 ab 7.01±0.72 c 16.11±1.24 b
D 21.23±0.75 ab 42.13±1.98 ab 6.03±0.43 cd 13.76±0.91 c -36.3 10.3
WW 22.54±0.14 ab 42.67±2.63 ab 9.47±0.27 b 21.52±0.91 a
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