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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 1593-1602.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02036

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同株型杂交籼稻对氮肥的耐受性差异比较

杨志远1(), 舒川海1, 张荣萍2, 杨国涛2, 王明田3, 秦俭4, 孙永健1, 马均1, 李娜1,*()   

  1. 1四川农业大学水稻研究所/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室, 四川成都 611130
    2西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院, 四川绵阳 621010
    3四川省气象局, 四川成都 610072
    4四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所, 四川德阳 618000
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-23 接受日期:2021-01-11 出版日期:2021-08-12 网络出版日期:2021-02-23
  • 通讯作者: 李娜
  • 作者简介:E-mail: dreamislasting@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301706);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301701);四川省教育厅重点项目(18ZA0390)

Comparison of tolerances to nitrogen fertilizer between compact and loose hybrid indica rice varieties

YANG Zhi-Yuan1(), SHU Chuan-Hai1, ZHANG Rong-Ping2, YANG Guo-Tao2, WANG Ming-Tian3, QIN Jian4, SUN Yong-Jian1, MA Jun1, LI Na1,*()   

  1. 1Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    2School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 611000, Sichuan, China
    3Sichuan Provincial Meteorological Service, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
    4Institute of Rice and Sorghum, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2020-05-23 Accepted:2021-01-11 Published:2021-08-12 Published online:2021-02-23
  • Contact: LI Na
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301706);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301701);Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Education Department(18ZA0390)

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摘要：

本研究通过3个大田裂区试验探究紧凑型杂交籼稻(compact hybrid rice, CHR)和松散型杂交籼稻(loose hybrid rice, LHR)品种对氮肥的耐受性差异。试验于2016—2018年在四川绵阳和成都实施, 主区为2个不同类型水稻品种各2个: 紧凑型杂交稻(CHR)隆两优1206和Y两优1号、松散型杂交稻(LHR)宜香优2115和F优498, 副区为4个施氮量: 0 (N0)、90 (N90)、150 (N150)和210 (N210)。结果表明, CHR对高氮耐受性优于LHR, 施氮量≤150 kg hm-2时, LHR产量高于CHR, 施氮量达到210 kg hm-2时, CHR单穗重优势升至14.46%, 而有效穗劣势降至12.46%, 产量较LHR高1.43%。偏最小二乘回归分析显示, 高峰苗、拔节至抽穗期生长速率、叶面积指数(leaf area index, LAI)及表征叶片伸展程度的消光系数(K值)对CHR和LHR产量贡献均为正向, 成穗率和抽穗期有效穗占比对产量贡献为负, 对氮肥农学利用率的影响则相反; 除K值外, 其余指标对产量贡献相近, 氮肥农学利用率亦如此。N0和N90条件下, CHR的LAI和K值均小于LHR, 光能截获率亦低于LHR; 施氮量由150 kg hm-2增长至210 kg hm-2, CHR的K值显著提高, 而LHR几乎无变化, 最终CHR抽穗期光能截获率超越LHR, 表明紧凑型杂交稻叶片伸展对高氮响应灵敏。

关键词: 水稻, 紧凑型杂交稻, 松散型杂交稻, 施氮量, 耐肥性

Abstract:

To explore the tolerances of compact hybrid rice (CHR) and loose hybrid rice (LHR) varieties to nitrogen fertilizer, three split-plot designed experiments were applied with main plot of four rice varieties (Longliangyou 1206, CHR; Y Liangyou 1, CHR; Yixiangyou 2115, LHR; and Fyou 498, LHR), and the sub-plot contained four N application rates (0 kg hm-2, N0; 90 kg hm-2, N90; 150 kg hm-2, N150; and 210 kg hm-2, N210). The results revealed that CHR was more tolerant to high nitrogen than LHR, and when the applied nitrogen was not higher than 150 kg hm-2, the yields of LHR were higher than those of CHR. When the applied nitrogen reached 210 kg hm-2, the single panicle weight advantage of CHR increased to 14.46%, while the effective panicle disadvantage decreased to 12.46%, then the yield of CHR was 1.43% higher than that of LHR. Partial least squares regression analysis showed that peak seedlings, growth rate from elongation to heading stage, leaf area index (LAI) and extinction coefficient (K-value) which characterized the degree of leaf stretching were positive contributions to CHR and LHR. The effective panicle rate at elongation and heading stages contributed negatively to the yield, but had the opposite effect on the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. Except K-value, the other indicators contributed similarly to yield, as did the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. Under N0 and N90, LAI and K-values of CHR were smaller than LHR, and the radiation interception rate was also lower than LHR. When nitrogen applied increased from 150 kg hm-2 to 210 kg hm-2, the K-value of CHR increased significantly, while LHR almost unchanged, resulting in the higher radiation interception rate at heading stage of CHR than LHR, indicating that the leaf stretching of CHR was sensitive to high nitrogen.

Key words: rice, compact hybrid rice, loose hybrid rice, nitrogen application rate, nitrogen tolerance

表1

2个试验点水稻生长期间气象条件"

地点
Location		 年份
Year		 全生育期降雨量 全生育期日照时数
Total sunshine hours of WGS (h)		 全生育期日平均温度
Average diurnal temperature of WGS (℃)
Total rainfall of WGS (mm)
绵阳 Mianyang 2016 426.0 757.3 23.88
成都 Chengdu 2017 538.8 630.3 22.32
成都 Chengdu 2018 571.4 648.2 22.51

表2

2016-2018年耕层土壤养分含量表"

地点
Location		 年份
Year		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 速效氮
Available N
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
绵阳 Mianyang 2016 22.38 1.89 98.45 21.89 101.22
成都 Chengdu 2017 24.55 2.11 118.04 28.91 109.23
成都 Chengdu 2018 21.72 2.01 102.45 24.04 98.67

表3

试验品种产量及主要形态指标特征"

类型
Type		 品种
Variety		 有效
穗数Panicle m-2		 单穗
重量Panicle weight (g)		 产量
Grain yield
(g m-2)		 农学利用率AEN
(kg kg-1)		 叶张角
Leaf opening angel		 叶基角
Leaf basal angel		 叶片披垂度
Leaf drooping degree
剑叶Flag leaf 倒二叶2nd leaf from top 倒三叶3rd leaf from top 剑叶
Flag leaf		 倒二叶2nd leaf from top 倒三叶3rd leaf from top 剑叶
Flag leaf		 倒二叶2nd leaf from top 倒三叶3rd leaf from top
CHR LLY 191.38 b 5.05 b 968 b 19.85 b 13.17 d 17.08 b 19.13 b 11.10 c 14.22 b 17.84 b 2.07 b 2.86 b 1.29 b
YLY 167.32 c 6.44 a 1078 a 24.98 a 14.09 c 17.95 b 19.73 b 11.80 bc 14.96 b 18.87 b 2.29 b 2.99 b 1.36 b
LHR YXY 203.70 a 4.78 b 974 b 20.30 b 18.34 b 24.04 a 27.09 a 13.14 b 18.09 a 23.21 a 5.20 a 5.95 a 3.88 a
FY 186.02 b 6.16 a 1146 a 25.88 a 20.77 a 25.64 a 27.68 a 15.12 a 18.41 a 23.62 a 5.65 a 7.23 a 4.06 a

表4

紧凑型和松散型杂交稻产量、有效穗数、单穗重、氮肥农学利用率、LAI及K值的方差分析"

项目
Item		 产量
Grain yield		 有效穗数Panicles 单穗重量Panicle weight 氮肥农学利用率
AEN		 稻株叶面积指数
LAI at full heading stage		 稻株叶片消光系数
K-value at full heading stage
品种(V) 8.86* 318.66*** 305.36*** 4.11 ns 580.71*** 20.65**
施氮量(N) 748.17*** 1363.77*** 108.12*** 12.86*** 219.77*** 19.10***
年份(Y) 30.07** 45.63*** 8.55* 2.73 ns 95.67*** 1.33 ns
V × N 5.05** 23.72*** 14.65*** 1.72 ns 3.29* 8.22***
V × Y 0.62 ns 0.06 ns 2.84 ns 0.05 ns 1.81 ns 0.12 ns
N × Y 0.82 ns 0.70 ns 0.27 ns 0.29 ns 0.40 ns 0.92 ns
V × N × Y 0.07 ns 0.29 ns 0.17 ns 0.03 ns 0.18 ns 0.84 ns

表5

施氮量对CHR和LHR产量及其构成因素的影响"

品种类型
Variety type		 施氮处理
N treatment		 2016 2017 2018
有效穗
Panicle (×104 hm-2)		 单穗重量
Panicle weight
(g)		 产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)		 有效穗
Panicle (×104 hm-2)		 单穗重量
Panicle weight
(g)		 产量
Grain yield (kg hm-2)		 有效穗
Panicle (×104 hm-2)		 单穗重量
Panicle weight (g)		 产量
Grain yield (kg hm-2)
紧凑型杂交稻
Compact hybrid rice (CHR)		 N0 127.6 d 5.23 c 6677 d 126.28 d 5.26 d 6651 d 122.14 d 5.11 c 6242 d
N90 149.03 c 6.03 a 8988 c 142.73 c 6.23 a 8831 c 142.83 c 5.93 a 8471 c
N150 174.27 b 5.85 ab 10,189 b 170.14 b 5.97 b 10,251 b 170.00 b 5.77 a 9801 b
N210 203.83 a 5.65 b 11,520 a 204.02 a 5.68 c 11,340 a 199.03 a 5.40 b 10,757 a
平均值Average 163.68 5.69 9343 160.79 5.79 9268 158.50 5.55 8818
松散型杂交稻
Loose hybrid rice (LHR)		 N0 144.44 d 5.11 b 7378 c 139.51 d 5.00 bc 7016 d 137.19 d 5.00 bc 6857 c
N90 165.1 c 5.82 a 9593 b 159.1 c 5.80 a 9159 c 160.29 c 5.67 a 9084 b
N150 212.31 b 5.19 b 11,017 a 208.38 b 5.21 b 10,570 b 203.31 b 5.12 b 10,401 a
N210 227.55 a 4.94 b 11,239 a 231.06 a 4.89 c 11,176 a 223.89 a 4.79 c 10,721 a
平均值Average 187.35 5.26 9807 184.51 5.22 9480 181.17 5.14 9266
F值
F-value		 V 728.70** 42.03** 22.64* 3342.60** 587.96** 58.58* 150.02** 38.71** 5.23 ns
N 393.50** 30.33** 163.76** 757.14** 53.67** 304.18** 393.38** 46.81** 250.32**
V×N 7.99** 6.22** 2.87 ns 16.83** 5.72* 1.29 ns 5.04* 6.66** 1.90 ns

图1

CHR和LHR分蘖成穗特征 相邻2个柱子左侧代表拔节期, 右侧代表抽穗期。CHR: 紧凑型杂交稻; LHR: 松散型杂交稻"

图2

紧凑型和松散型杂交稻拔节至抽穗期生长速率 CHR: 紧凑型杂交稻; LHR: 松散型杂交稻。"

表6

施氮量对CHR和LHR抽穗期LAI、光能截获率及K值的影响"

品种类型Variety type 施氮处理
N treatment		 2016 2017 2018
叶面积指数LAI 光能截获率RIR 消光系数
K		 叶面积指数LAI 光能截获率RIR 消光系数
K		 叶面积指数LAI 光能截获率RIR 消光系数
K
紧凑型杂交稻
Compact hybrid rice (CHR)		 N0 6.04 c 78.34 d 0.25 c 5.60 d 77.26 c 0.27 b 5.61 c 77.00 c 0.26 a
N90 6.90 b 84.05 c 0.27 c 6.36 c 82.14 c 0.27 b 6.40 b 82.98 b 0.28 a
N150 7.57 a 92.04 b 0.34 b 6.83 b 88.95 b 0.33 b 7.15 a 91.39 a 0.35 a
N210 8.05 a 95.97 a 0.40 a 7.48 a 96.23 a 0.45 a 7.58 a 93.10 a 0.35 a
平均Average 7.14 87.60 0.32 6.57 86.15 0.33 6.68 86.12 0.31
松散型杂交稻
Loose hybrid rice (LHR)		 N0 6.87 d 83.87 c 0.27 a 6.04 d 80.95 b 0.28 a 6.34 d 81.98 c 0.27 b
N90 7.72 c 87.55 b 0.27 a 7.21 c 87.30 a 0.29 a 7.28 c 87.18 b 0.29 b
N150 8.71 b 90.76 b 0.27 a 7.78 b 89.04 a 0.30 a 8.12 b 89.35 ab 0.28 a
N210 9.34 a 94.55 a 0.32 a 8.61 a 92.26 a 0.30 a 8.81 a 92.17 a 0.29 a
平均Average 8.16 89.18 0.28 7.41 87.38 0.29 7.64 87.67 0.28
F值
F value		 V 160.52** 25.69** 4.26 ns 747.58** 1.87 ns 14.27 ns 146.40** 1.88 ns 6.17 ns
N 71.83** 57.50** 12.69** 80.81** 19.71** 4.62* 69.36** 75.30** 8.67**
V×N 1.02 ns 4.52* 2.93 ns 1.96 ns 1.98 ns 2.98 ns 0.82 ns 6.92** 6.16**

图3

CHR和LHR氮肥农学利用率 相邻3列柱子上不同小写字母表示不同施氮处理间在0.05水平差异显著。CHR: 紧凑型杂交稻; LHR: 松散型杂交稻。"

表7

抽穗期LAI和K值对光能截获率的回归方程"

品种类型
Variety type		 指标
Trait		 标准回归系数
Standard regression coefficient		 决定系数
R2
紧凑型杂交稻 叶面积指数 LAI 0.553** 0.960**
Compact hybrid rice 消光系数 K 0.503**
松散型杂交稻 叶面积指数 LAI 0.736** 0.960**
Loose hybrid rice 消光系数 K 0.521**

表8

稻株形态相关指标对产量和氮肥农学利用率的贡献比较"

品种类型
Variety type		 指标
Trait		 产量 Grain yield 氮肥农学利用率 AEN
标准偏回归系数
Standard partial regression coefficient		 决定系数
R2		 标准偏回归系数
Standard partial regression coefficient		 决定系数
R2
紧凑型杂交稻
Compact hybrid rice		 高峰苗 Peak tiller number 0.1796 0.8325** 0.1188 0.3639**
成穗率 Ear-bearing tiller percentage -0.1776 0.1174
拔节至抽穗生长速率
Growth rate from jointing to heading		 0.1661 -0.1098
抽穗期有效穗占比
Ear-bearing tiller percentage at heading		 -0.1724 0.114
叶面积指数 LAI 0.1498 -0.099
消光系数 K 0.1501 -0.0992
松散型杂交稻
Loose hybrid rice		 高峰苗 Peak tiller number 0.1806 0.6351** -0.1454 0.4117**
成穗率 Ear-bearing tiller percentage -0.1622 0.1306
拔节至抽穗生长速率
Growth rate from jointing to heading		 0.1605 -0.1292
抽穗期有效穗占比
Ear-bearing tiller percentage at heading		 -0.1758 0.1416
叶面积指数 LAI 0.1631 -0.1313
消光系数 K 0.0574 -0.0462
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