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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 795-807.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23026

所属专题： 玉米：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于根冠协调发展的东北春玉米高产种植密度分析

刘月(), 明博, 李姚姚, 王克如, 侯鹏, 薛军, 李少昆(), 谢瑞芝()   

  1. 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-11 接受日期:2022-07-21 出版日期:2023-03-12 网络出版日期:2022-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 李少昆,谢瑞芝
  • 作者简介:E-mail: liuyue65147@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300302);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-25);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ZDRW202004)

Analysis on high yield planting density of spring maize in Northeast China from root and shoot coordinated development

LIU Yue(), MING Bo, LI Yao-Yao, WANG Ke-Ru, HOU Peng, XUE Jun, LI Shao-Kun(), XIE Rui-Zhi()   

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2022-03-11 Accepted:2022-07-21 Published:2023-03-12 Published online:2022-08-18
  • Contact: LI Shao-Kun,XIE Rui-Zhi
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300302);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02-25);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202004)

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摘要：

植株地上部与地下部的协调是生长发育的内在需求, 分析种植密度对冠根协调的影响能够为玉米增密高产理论和技术提供新的视角。本研究于2020—2021年在吉林省中国农业科学院作物科学研究所公主岭试验站进行, 以郑单958和先玉335两个耐密品种为试验材料, 调查了玉米关键生育时期内根系和冠层的相关指标在产量稳定区间的2个种植密度(D1: 6.75万株 hm-2; D2: 9.75万株 hm-2)下的差异。试验条件下, 种植密度从D1增加到D2, 玉米的单株干物质积累量、根干重等均出现显著降低, 群体指标表现不同。其中, 2个品种的群体籽粒产量未出现显著提升, 在根系各指标达到最大值的吐丝后15 d (R2期), 群体根干重、根长密度等也未出现显著提升。随着生育进程推进, 玉米的冠根比呈指数函数增长(y=aebx), 增加种植密度显著提高了玉米冠根比, 粒根比、叶根比也增加, 根系压力增大。研究结果表明, 玉米根系对种植密度的响应程度与地上部存在差异, 在产量水平基本相当的前提下, 根系压力较小的种植密度更有利于冠根协调和合理群体的构建。

关键词: 玉米, 合理密植, 产量, 根干重, 冠根协调

Abstract:

The coordination of shoot and root is essential for the growth and development in maize. Analyzing the effect of the planting density on the shoot and root coordinated development can provide a new perspective for the theory and technology of increasing planting density and yield improvement. The experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 at the experimental station of Institute of Crop Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin province. Two densification resistant varieties (Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335) and two planting densities (D1: 67,500 plants hm-2; D2: 97,500 plants hm-2) which were in the production stability interval were set up in this study, and the difference of some indexes of root and shoot was analyzed at different growth stages. The results showed that, compared with D2, the dry matter and root dry weight per plant of maize decreased significantly, while some population indexes were different. Among them, the yield of two varieties were not significantly increased. When the root indexes reached the maximum value on the 15th day after silking (R2 stage), the root dry weight per area, root length density did not increase significantly. The dynamic of shoot root ratio (S/R) during growth period could be expressed by exponential equation (y=aebx), and the increasing planting density significantly increased the S/R, grain root ratio, and leaf area root ratio. The increase of the three ratio at high density provided a signal of intensified root survival pressure. The results showed that the response of maize root to planting density was different from that of shoot. Under the premise of the same yield level, choosing the planting density with less root pressure may be more conducive to the construction of shoot and root coordination and constructing reasonable maize population.

Key words: maize, reasonable dense planting, yield, root dry weight, shoot root coordination

图1

2020-2021年玉米生长季月度积温和降水变化"

表1

不同处理间的玉米单株及群体产量"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 种植密度
Planting density (plants hm-2)		 单株籽粒产量
Grain yield per plant (g plant-1)		 群体产量
Grain yield per area (t hm-2)
2020 郑单958 67,500 185.42±0.79 aB 12.52±0.05 aB
Zhengdan 958 97,500 128.84±5.39 bA 12.56±0.53 aA
先玉335 67,500 201.26±2.11 aA 13.59±0.14 aA
Xianyu 335 97,500 135.96±3.22 bA 13.26±0.31 aA
2021 郑单958 67,500 198.90±4.95 aB 13.43±0.33 aB
Zhengdan 958 97,500 143.67±3.69 bB 14.01±0.40 aB
先玉335 67,500 217.36±3.76 aA 14.67±0.25 aA
Xianyu 335 97,500 152.86±0.77 bA 14.90±0.08 aA

图2

不同生育时期玉米单株和群体干物质积累量变化动态 不同小写字母表示同一品种不同密度在0.05水平差异显著。D1: 6.75 万株 hm-2; D2: 9.75 万株 hm-2; ZD: 郑单958; XY: 先玉335; V6: 拔节期; V12: 大喇叭口期; R1: 吐丝期; R2: 吐丝后15 d; R3: 吐丝后30 d; R4: 吐丝后45 d; R5: 吐丝后60 d; R6: 收获期。"

图3

不同生育时期玉米叶面积和叶面积指数变化动态 不同小写字母表示同一品种不同密度在0.05水平差异显著。处理及时期同图2。"

图4

不同生育时期玉米单株和群体根干重变化动态 不同小写字母表示同一品种不同密度在0.05水平差异显著。处理及时期同图2。"

图5

不同生育时期玉米单株根长及根长密度变化动态 不同小写字母表示同一品种不同密度在0.05水平差异显著。处理及时期同图2。"

图6

不同生育时期玉米单株根表面积及根表面积密度变化动态 不同小写字母表示同一品种不同密度在0.05水平差异显著。处理及时期同图2。"

图7

不同生育时期玉米单株根体积及根体积密度变化动态 不同小写字母表示同一品种不同密度在0.05水平差异显著。处理及时期同图2。"

表2

玉米单株根系指标之间的相关性分析"

指标
Index		 根长
Root length		 根表面积
Root surface area		 根体积
Root volume		 根干重
Root dry weight
根长Root length 1 0.975** 0.933** 0.927**
根表面积Root surface area 1 0.956** 0.925**
根体积Root volume 1 0.948**
根干重Root dry weight 1

图8

不同生育时期玉米冠根比变化动态 不同小写字母表示同一品种不同密度下在0.05水平差异显著。处理同图2。"

表3

根系干重最大时期(R2期)玉米的粒根比与叶根比"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 种植密度
Planting density (plants hm-2)		 粒/根
Grain/root (g g-1)		 叶/根
Leaf area/root (m2 g-1)
2020 郑单958 67,500 12.18±2.01 bA 0.06±0.01 aA
Zhengdan 958 97,500 15.56±2.51 aA 0.08±0.01 bA
先玉335 67,500 12.26±1.40 bA 0.05±0.01 aA
Xianyu 335 97,500 14.28±1.05 aA 0.08±0.01 bA
2021 郑单958 67,500 18.81±1.38 bA 0.09±0.01 aA
Zhengdan 958 97,500 22.75±4.88 aA 0.11±0.02 bA
先玉335 67,500 22.13±2.21 bA 0.09±0.01 aA
Xianyu 335 97,500 23.57±4.73 aA 0.11±0.02 bA
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