作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 795-807.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23026
刘月(), 明博, 李姚姚, 王克如, 侯鹏, 薛军, 李少昆(), 谢瑞芝()
LIU Yue(), MING Bo, LI Yao-Yao, WANG Ke-Ru, HOU Peng, XUE Jun, LI Shao-Kun(), XIE Rui-Zhi()
摘要:
植株地上部与地下部的协调是生长发育的内在需求, 分析种植密度对冠根协调的影响能够为玉米增密高产理论和技术提供新的视角。本研究于2020—2021年在吉林省中国农业科学院作物科学研究所公主岭试验站进行, 以郑单958和先玉335两个耐密品种为试验材料, 调查了玉米关键生育时期内根系和冠层的相关指标在产量稳定区间的2个种植密度(D1: 6.75万株 hm-2; D2: 9.75万株 hm-2)下的差异。试验条件下, 种植密度从D1增加到D2, 玉米的单株干物质积累量、根干重等均出现显著降低, 群体指标表现不同。其中, 2个品种的群体籽粒产量未出现显著提升, 在根系各指标达到最大值的吐丝后15 d (R2期), 群体根干重、根长密度等也未出现显著提升。随着生育进程推进, 玉米的冠根比呈指数函数增长(y=aebx), 增加种植密度显著提高了玉米冠根比, 粒根比、叶根比也增加, 根系压力增大。研究结果表明, 玉米根系对种植密度的响应程度与地上部存在差异, 在产量水平基本相当的前提下, 根系压力较小的种植密度更有利于冠根协调和合理群体的构建。
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