作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 1339-1349.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22031
韦海敏1,2(), 陶伟科1,2, 周燕1,2, 闫飞宇1,2, 李伟玮1,2, 丁艳锋1,2, 刘正辉1,2, 李刚华1,2,*()
WEI Hai-Min1,2(), TAO Wei-Ke1,2, ZHOU Yan1,2, YAN Fei-Yu1,2, LI Wei-Wei1,2, DING Yan-Feng1,2, LIU Zheng-Hui1,2, LI Gang-Hua1,2,*()
摘要:
本研究旨在阐明硅素穗肥调控盐碱地水稻抽穗期矿质元素分配的作用机制。以常规粳稻淮稻5号为材料, 于2019年和2020年在江苏沿海大丰盐碱地(盐分3.4 g kg-1, pH 8.3)开展大田试验, 设置3个硅肥用量(0、60和100 kg hm-2), 于幼穗分化期随穗肥施入。结果表明: (1) 硅素穗肥促进抽穗期植株养分吸收, 提高成熟期干物质量和产量, 与Si0相比, Si60平均增产4.3%, Si100平均增产8.6%; (2) 硅素穗肥优化了水稻不同部位K+、Na+分配, 提高水稻叶片、上部叶鞘、中下部茎秆K+含量, 降低穗、上部叶片、叶鞘、茎秆Na+含量, 提高各部位的K+/Na+, 进而提高离子稳态; (3) 硅素穗肥促进叶片大量元素N、P、Ca、Mg和微量元素Fe、Mn的积累, 与Si0相比, 硅素穗肥显著提高了16.5%的P含量、18.5%的Mg含量、22.4%的Ca含量、19.8%的Fe含量, 缓解盐碱胁迫对水稻叶片的不利影响。综上所述, 硅素穗肥优化了盐碱胁迫下水稻矿质元素的吸收分配, 减轻幼嫩器官盐胁迫程度, 促进叶片多种有益元素积累, 促进水稻养分吸收, 且100 kg hm-2效果最佳。
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