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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 493-505.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.24273

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植密度对角果期弱光胁迫油菜籽粒油脂积累的影响

聂晓玉1(), 李真1, 王天尧2, 周元委3, 徐正华1, 王晶1, 汪波1, 蒯婕1,*(), 周广生1   

  1. 1华中农业大学植物科学技术学院 / 农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070
    2荆州农业科学院, 湖北荆州 434000
    3宜昌市农业科学研究院, 湖北宜昌 420500
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-10 接受日期:2023-09-13 出版日期:2024-02-12 网络出版日期:2023-09-28
  • 通讯作者: *蒯婕, E-mail: kuaijie@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 2533621735@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31871565);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12)

Effect of planting density and weak light stress at pod-filling stage on seed oil accumulation in rapeseed

NIE Xiao-Yu1(), LI Zhen1, WANG Tian-Yao2, ZHOU Yuan-Wei3, XU Zheng-Hua1, WANG Jing1, WANG Bo1, KUAI Jie1,*(), ZHOU Guang-Sheng1   

  1. 1College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2Jingzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
    3Yichang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yichang 420500, Hubei, China
  • Received:2022-12-10 Accepted:2023-09-13 Published:2024-02-12 Published online:2023-09-28
  • Contact: *E-mail: kuaijie@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871565);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-12)

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摘要：

角果期光照不足显著影响油菜籽粒含油量, 而增加种植密度具有明显的增产效果, 但其对角果期弱光胁迫下籽粒含油量的影响未见报道。本试验选用华油杂62和沣油520两个品种进行大田试验, 设置3个种植密度(15×104、30×104、45×104株 hm-2)和2个光照强度(透光率为100%, LT100%和花后10~35 d透光率为70%, LT70%), 从籽粒碳代谢和油脂代谢角度, 研究种植密度对角果期弱光胁迫下油菜籽粒含油量的影响机制。结果表明: 与LT100%相比, LT70%处理下2个品种花后25 d、35 d时籽粒叶绿素含量、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, Rubisco)活性降低, 光合速率下降, 光合产物葡萄糖含量降低0.4%~27.9%; 蔗糖合成酶(Sucrose synthase, SuSy)分解活性降低, 导致果糖含量降低了4.8%~24.5%, 减少了籽粒碳水化合物积累与转运, 同时磷脂酸磷酸酯酶(Phosphatidate phosphatase, PPase)、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PDH)活性降低, 导致含油量降低2.1%~11.8%, 油脂产量降低27.0%~35.3%。与低密度遮阴相比, 高密度LT70%处理下籽粒的Rubisco、SuSy活性降幅变小, 但籽粒G6PDH和PPase活性降幅变大。这些结果表明, 在本试验条件下, 通过增加密度可以缓解弱光对籽粒光合碳代谢的抑制, 通过增加群体产量缓解弱光胁迫下产油量的损失。

关键词: 种植密度, 遮阴, 碳代谢, 含油量, 产油量

Abstract:

The seed oil content of rapeseed is affected by insufficient light at pod-filling stage, while more seeds can be harvested with the increasing planting density. The interaction of pod shading and planting density on the mechanism that affecting seed oil content has not been reported. The objective of this study is to study the effect of density on seed carbon and lipid metabolism of shaded rapeseed at pod-filling stage. In this experiment, two varieties (Huayouza 62, H, and Fengyou 520, F) were selected, and three levels of densities (15×104, 30×104, and 45×104 plants hm-2) and two light intensities (100% light transmission, LT100%, and 70% light transmission from 10-35 d after terminating flowering, LT70%) were conducted in a field trial. The results showed that pod shading caused a decrease in seed chlorophyll content, the activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) at 25 days and 35 days after flowering (DAF) of both varieties, leading to 0.4%-27.9% decrease in glucose content. Meanwhile, the decrease in the activities of sucrose synthase-cleavage (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) under shading inhibited sucrose conversion and resulted in a decrease by 4.8%-24.5% in fructose content. The activities of seed phosphatidate phosphatase (PPase) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were also reduced, resulting in 2.1%-11.8% decline in seed oil content and 27.0%-35.3% decline in oil production. Compared with the shading under lower density, the reduction in content of seed chlorophyll, fructose, glucose, and activities of rubisco and SuSy became lower, while the decrease of seed G6PDH and PPase activities became higher at 35DAF, which aggravated the decrease of seed oil content under shading. However, the decline in oil yield was alleviated due to the increase in population yield with denser planting.

Key words: planting density, shade, carbon metabolism, seed oil content, oil yield

表1

种植密度对遮阴下油菜千粒重及产量的影响"

品种
Variety		 种植密度Density 透光率
Light transmittance (%)		 2018-2019 2019-2020
千粒重
1000-seed weight (g)		 单株产量Yield per plant (g) 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 千粒重1000-seed weight (g) 单株产量Yield per plant (g) 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)
华油杂62
Huayouza 62		 D1 100 3.82 a 20.93 a 2830.99 c 3.64 a 17.01 a 2351.18 cd
70 3.61 bcd 13.29 c 1858.77 g 3.43 abc 11.65 bc 1607.37 g
D2 100 3.74 ab 11.94 d 3043.79 b 3.58 ab 10.73 c 2738.53 b
70 3.57 bcd 8.78 e 2282.13 ef 3.36 abc 7.46 d 1953.82 f
D3 100 3.65 abc 8.32 e 3127.36 ab 3.46 abc 7.47 d 2818.10 ab
70 3.54 bcde 6.30 f 2385.25 e 3.31 bc 5.56 e 2147.25 e
沣油520
Fengyou 520		 D1 100 3.50 cde 19.13 b 2648.42 d 3.42 abc 18.18 a 2516.38 c
70 3.13 f 13.07 c 1836.31 g 3.04 d 12.93 b 1819.22 f
D2 100 3.42 de 11.03 d 2883.23 c 3.36 abc 10.46 c 2822.67 ab
70 3.10 f 8.60 e 2193.83 f 2.99 d 8.07 d 2150.67 e
D3 100 3.35 e 8.49 e 3224.83 a 3.20 cd 7.34 d 2969.94 a
70 3.09 f 6.69 f 2540.54 d 2.97 d 5.78 e 2284.93 de
方差分析 ANOVA
品种Variety (V) ** * NS ** * **
密度Density (D) NS ** ** NS ** **
透光率 Light transmittance (T) ** ** ** ** ** **
V×D NS * ** NS NS NS
V×T NS * NS NS NS NS
D×T NS ** * NS ** NS
V×D×T NS NS NS NS NS NS

图1

种植密度对角果期遮阴油菜籽粒叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b的影响 H、F分别表示华油杂62和沣油520。D1、D2、D3分别表示种植密度为15、30和45万株 hm-2。LT-100%表示透光率为100%, LT-70%表示透光率为70%。V、D、T、V×D、V×T、D×T、V×D×T分别表示品种、种植密度、透光率以及三者互作效应。不同字母标记表示在0.05概率水平差异显著。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著, NS表示差异不显著。"

图2

种植密度对角果期遮阴油菜籽粒Rubisco、SPS和SuSy活性的影响 H、F分别表示华油杂62和沣油520。D1、D2、D3分别表示种植密度为15、30和45万株 hm-2。LT-100%表示透光率为100%, LT-70%表示透光率为70%。V、D、T、V×D、V×T、D×T、V×D×T分别表示品种、种植密度、透光率以及三者互作效应。不同字母标记表示在0.05概率水平差异显著。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著, NS表示差异不显著。"

图3

种植密度对角果期遮阴油菜籽粒碳水化合物含量的影响 H、F分别表示华油杂62和沣油520。D1、D2、D3分别表示种植密度为15、30和45万株 hm-2。LT-100%表示透光率为100%, LT-70%表示透光率为70%。V、D、T、V×D、V×T、D×T、V×D×T分别表示品种、种植密度、透光率以及三者互作效应。不同字母标记表示在0.05概率水平差异显著。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著, NS表示差异不显著。"

图4

种植密度对角果期遮阴油菜籽粒含油量和油脂产量的影响 H、F分别表示华油杂62 和沣油520。D1、D2、D3分别表示种植密度为15、30和45万株 hm-2。LT-100%表示透光率为100%, LT-70%表示透光率为70%。V、D、T、V×D、V×T、D×T、V×D×T分别表示品种、种植密度、透光率以及三者互作效应。不同字母标记表示在0.05概率水平差异显著。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著, NS表示差异不显著。"

图5

种植密度对角果期遮阴油菜籽粒G6PDH和PPase活性的影响 H、F分别表示华油杂62和沣油520。D1、D2、D3分别表示种植密度为15、30和45万株 hm-2。LT-100%表示透光率为100%, LT-70%表示透光率为70%。V、D、T、V×D、V×T、D×T、V×D×T分别表示品种、种植密度、透光率以及三者互作效应。不同字母标记表示在0.05概率水平差异显著。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著, NS表示差异不显著。"

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