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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 478-492.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32011

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

栽培优化对长江下游水稻灌浆期根系特征和稻米淀粉特性的影响

吴昊(), 张瑛, 王琛, 顾汉柱, 周天阳, 张伟杨, 顾骏飞, 刘立军, 杨建昌, 张耗*()   

  1. 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-27 接受日期:2023-08-01 出版日期:2024-02-12 网络出版日期:2023-08-07
  • 通讯作者: *张耗, E-mail: haozhang@yzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: w18205253197@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32071944);国家自然科学基金项目(32272197);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300304);江苏省六大人才高峰高层次人才项目(SWYY-151);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Effects of cultivation optimization on root characteristics and starch properties of rice at grain filling stage in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River

WU Hao(), ZHANG Ying, WANG Chen, GU Han-Zhu, ZHOU Tian-Yang, ZHANG Wei-Yang, GU Jun-Fei, LIU Li-Jun, YANG Jian-Chang, ZHANG Hao*()   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2023-03-27 Accepted:2023-08-01 Published:2024-02-12 Published online:2023-08-07
  • Contact: *E-mail: haozhang@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071944);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272197);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300304);Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(SWYY-151);Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)

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摘要：

为研究不同栽培管理技术下长江下游水稻灌浆期根系特征与稻米淀粉特性的关系, 以甬优2640、武运粳24号、扬稻6号和金香玉1号品种为材料进行大田试验, 设置氮空白区(0N)、当地常规(对照)、增密减氮、干湿交替灌溉和增施饼肥5种栽培模式处理。结果表明, 与当地常规处理(对照)相比, 甬优2640在增密减氮、干湿交替灌溉和增施饼肥处理下的产量增幅分别为6.49%、11.06%和12.72%, 武运粳24号分别增加1.92%、11.10%和17.05%, 扬稻6号增幅分别为9.30%、18.50%和22.89%, 金香玉1号产量增幅分别为6.92%、14.72%和17.89%。同时我们也观察到随着栽培技术的集成和优化, 根系形态生理特征(根干重、根长、根直径、根系氧化力、根系伤流强度、根系和根系伤流液中玉米素+玉米素核苷含量和根系分泌物中有机酸总量)以及籽粒淀粉合成关键酶(可溶性淀粉合成酶和颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶)活性、淀粉峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、最终黏度、溶解度和膨胀度逐渐提高。相关分析表明, 灌浆期根系形态生理特征与产量和稻米淀粉特性关系密切。表明栽培技术的集成和优化可能通过调节地下部根系生长来改善稻米品质, 最终实现高产优质高效的目标。

关键词: 水稻, 栽培策略, 产量, 米质, 根系特性

Abstract:

In order to investigate the relationship between root characteristics and starch properties of rice at grain filling stage in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River under different integrative cultivation practices techniques, field experiments were carried out with Yongyou 2640, Wuyunjing 24, Yangdao 6, and Jinxiangyu 1 as the experimental materials. Five cultivation techniques were set up, including nitrogen blank area (0N), local farmers’ practice (control), densification and nitrogen reduction, alternate wetting and drying irrigation and increasing application of rapeseed cake fertilizer. The results showed that compared with the local farmers’ practice (control), the yield of Yongyou 2640 under the treatment of densification and nitrogen reduction, alternate wetting and drying irrigation and increasing application of rapeseed cake fertilizer increased by 6.49%, 11.06%, and 12.72%, respectively. The yield of Wuyunjing 24 increased by 1.92%, 11.10%, and 17.05%, respectively. The yield of Yangdao 6 increased by 9.30%, 18.50%, and 22.89%, respectively, and the yield of Jinxiangyu1 increased by 6.92%, 14.72%, and 17.89%, respectively. At the same time, we also observed that with the integration and optimization of cultivation practices, root morphological and physiological characteristics (root dry weight, root length, root diameter, root oxidation activity, root bleeding intensity, zeatin and zeatin riboside contents in root and root bleeding sap and total organic acid content in exudates), the activity of key enzymes for starch synthesis in grains (soluble starch synthase, granule-bound starch synthase), peak viscosity, hot viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity, solubility and swelling degree gradually increased. Correlation analysis showed that the morphological and physiological characteristics of roots at grain filling stage were closely related to grain yield and starch properties. It indicated that the integration and optimization of cultivation practices might improve rice quality through regulating the growth of underground roots, and finally achieve the goals of high yield, good quality and high efficiency.

Key words: rice, cultivation strategy, yield, grain quality, root characteristics

表1

栽培优化对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
Number of panicles
(× 104 hm-2)		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per
panicle		 总颖花数
Total spikelets
(× 108 hm-2)		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(t hm-2)
甬优2640
Yongyou 2640		 0N 125.35 d 254.02 b 3.24 d 90.83 a 24.31 a 7.01 d
LFP 191.70 c 315.84 a 6.10 c 84.80 b 23.35 a 12.02 c
ICP1 206.73 b 311.42 a 6.43 b 86.01 b 23.10 a 12.80 b
ICP2 210.72 ab 308.01 a 6.50 ab 87.61 b 23.52 a 13.35 ab
ICP3 216.61 a 307.32 a 6.70 a 86.80 b 23.61 a 13.55 a
武运粳24
Wuyunjing 24		 0N 164.80 e 135.50 c 2.22 c 91.91 a 28.82 a 5.93 b
LFP 257.71 d 167.20 ab 4.31 b 86.52 a 26.50 b 9.91 ab
ICP1 269.24 c 166.62 ab 4.51 ab 85.20 a 26.51 b 10.10 ab
ICP2 285.13 b 167.81 a 4.82 ab 86.83 a 26.52 b 11.01 ab
ICP3 306.61 a 164.53 b 5.04 a 87.11 a 26.52 b 11.60 a
扬稻6号
Yangdao 6		 0N 138.33 e 176.30 d 2.44 d 91.63 a 30.33 a 6.78 d
LFP 184.17 d 197.83 a 3.65 c 87.27 ab 29.44 bc 9.35 c
ICP1 203.49 c 193.52 b 3.94 b 88.72 ab 29.68 bc 10.37 b
ICP2 213.99 b 191.80 bc 4.10 ab 90.71 a 29.76 b 11.08 a
ICP3 225.21 a 189.70 c 4.27 a 90.20 a 29.84 b 11.49 a
金香玉1号
Jinxiangyu 1		 0N 181.67 d 181.97 e 3.31 d 85.43 a 26.45 a 7.47 d
LFP 242.50 c 205.47 a 4.98 c 79.52 b 25.56 c 10.12 c
ICP1 262.20 b 203.00 b 5.32 b 79.75 b 25.49 c 10.82 b
ICP2 278.08 a 201.98 c 5.62 a 80.70 ab 25.62 bc 11.61 a
ICP3 283.07 a 199.00 d 5.63 a 81.50 ab 25.98 b 11.93 a
方差分析 Analysis of variance
处理 Treatment (T) ** ** ** NS NS **
品种 Variety (V) ** ** ** * ** **
处理 × 品种 T × V NS NS * NS NS NS

图1

栽培优化对水稻灌浆期籽粒可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)和颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶(GBSS)活性的影响 DAH1: 抽穗开花第1天; DAH14: 抽穗开花第14天; DHA26: 抽穗开花第26天; DAH39: 抽穗开花第39天。Y2640: 甬优2640; W24: 武运粳24; YD6: 扬稻6号; JXY1: 金香玉1号。处理同表1。"

表2

栽培优化对稻米淀粉RVA谱特性的影响"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 峰值黏度
Peak viscosity
(cP)		 热浆黏度
Hot viscosity
(cP)		 崩解值Breakdown
(cP)		 最终黏度
Final viscosity
(cP)		 消减值
Setback
(cP)		 峰值时间
Peak time
(min)		 糊化温度
Pasting temperature
(℃)
甬优2640
Yongyou 2640		 0N 2696 a 2095 a 600.67 a 2897 a 200.67 c 6.61 e 72.87 d
LFP 2126 e 1710 d 416.00 d 2399 e 273.00 a 6.79 a 75.89 a
ICP1 2202 d 1733 cd 469.00 c 2457 cd 255.33 b 6.73 b 74.87 b
ICP2 2238 c 1752 c 486.33 bc 2484 c 246.00 bc 6.71 c 74.60 b
ICP3 2293 b 1796 c 497.00 b 2536 b 243.67 bc 6.68 d 74.22 c
武运粳24号
Wuyunjing 24		 0N 2970 a 2174 a 796.67 a 3106 a 135.67 d 6.57 e 71.42 e
LFP 2149 e 1695 d 453.33 c 2447 e 298.33 a 6.74 a 74.26 a
ICP1 2331 d 1706 d 625.00 bc 2580 d 249.33 b 6.69 b 73.26 b
ICP2 2418 c 1785 c 633.67 bc 2656 c 237.67 bc 6.66 c 72.88 c
ICP3 2542 b 1896 b 646.00 b 2766 b 224.33 c 6.64 d 72.67 d
扬稻6号
Yangdao 6		 0N 2527 a 1884 a 457.65 a 2655 a 187.45 d 6.37 d 71.63 d
LFP 2152 d 1421 d 385.30 c 2229 d 275.00 a 6.64 a 73.52 a
ICP1 2224 c 1464 c 427.55 b 2356 c 242.00 b 6.60 b 72.88 b
ICP2 2239 c 1494 c 428.35 b 2361 c 230.00 b 6.55 b 72.25 c
ICP3 2287 b 1523 b 419.20 a 2540 b 216.20 c 6.46 c 72.18 c
金香玉1号
Jinxiangyu 1		 0N 2849 a 2332 a 656.30 a 2886 a 296.70 d 6.12 d 70.25 d
LFP 2207 d 1651 d 564.30 d 2465 d 367.00 a 6.44 a 72.65 a
ICP1 2255 c 1688 c 572.25 cd 2558 c 343.70 b 6.37 b 72.32 b
ICP2 2310 c 1725 c 587.60 c 2570 c 336.40 c 6.31 b 72.26 c
ICP3 2421 b 1825 b 618.00 b 2638 b 332.35 c 6.26 c 72.18 c

图2

栽培优化对稻米淀粉XRD衍射图谱的影响 处理同表1。品种缩写同图1。"

表3

栽培优化对稻米淀粉的相对结晶度与IR值的影响"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 相对结晶度
Relative crystallinity (%)		 IR ratio
1045/1022 cm-1 1022/995 cm-1
扬稻6号
Yangdao 6		 0N 23.8 c 0.58 e 1.30 a
LFP 27.9 a 0.65 a 1.08 e
ICP1 26.3 b 0.63 b 1.15 d
ICP2 25.7 b 0.61 c 1.20 c
ICP3 25.14 b 0.59 d 1.24 b
金香玉1号
Jinxiangyu 1		 0N 21.8 c 0.52 e 1.28 a
LFP 29.4 a 0.62 a 1.04 e
ICP1 25.8 b 0.59 b 1.12 d
ICP2 25.6 b 0.56 c 1.16 c
ICP3 25.6 a 0.54 d 1.22 b

图3

栽培优化对稻米淀粉FTIR图谱的影响 处理同表1。品种缩写同图1。"

图4

栽培优化对淀粉溶解度和膨胀度的影响 图柱上不同字母表示经LSD检验同一时期不同处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同表1。品种缩写同图1。"

图5

栽培优化对水稻灌浆期根冠比和根干重的影响 DAH1: 抽穗开花第1天; DAH14: 抽穗开花第14天; DHA26: 抽穗开花第26天; DAH39: 抽穗开花第39天。图柱上不同字母表示经LSD检验同一时期不同处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同表1。品种缩写同图1。"

图6

栽培优化对水稻灌浆期根长和根直径的影响 DAH1: 抽穗开花第1天; DAH14: 抽穗开花第14天; DHA26: 抽穗开花第26天; DAH39: 抽穗开花第39天。图柱上不同字母表示经LSD检验同一时期不同处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同表1。品种缩写同图1。"

图7

栽培优化对水稻灌浆期根系氧化力和根系伤流强度的影响 DAH1: 抽穗开花第1天; DAH14: 抽穗开花第14天; DHA26: 抽穗开花第26天; DAH39: 抽穗开花第39天。图柱上不同字母表示经LSD检验同一时期不同处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同表1。品种缩写同图1。"

图8

栽培优化对水稻灌浆期根系和根系伤流液中Z + ZR含量的影响 DAH1: 抽穗开花第1天; DAH14: 抽穗开花第14天; DHA26: 抽穗开花第26天; DAH39: 抽穗开花第39天。图柱上不同字母表示经LSD检验同一时期不同处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同表1。品种缩写同图1。"

图9

栽培优化对水稻灌浆期根系分泌物中有机酸总量的影响 DAH1: 抽穗开花第1天; DAH14: 抽穗开花第14天; DHA26: 抽穗开花第26天; DAH39: 抽穗开花第39天。图柱上不同字母表示经LSD检验同一时期不同处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同表1。品种缩写同图1。"

图10

根系特征和产量及稻米品质的相关性分析 SSS: 可溶性淀粉合成酶; GBSS: 颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶。*、**和***分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001概率水平差异显著。"

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