镁肥用量对油菜产量和镁吸收量及因冻害减产程度的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44174

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (7): 1850-1860.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44174

镁肥用量对油菜产量和镁吸收量及因冻害减产程度的影响

李炳霖¹(), 叶晓磊¹, 肖红¹, 肖国滨², 吕伟生², 刘君权³, 任涛¹, 陆志峰¹^,^*(), 鲁剑巍¹

¹华中农业大学资源与环境学院 / 农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070
²江西省红壤及种质资源研究所, 江西南昌 331717
³湖北省武穴市大法寺镇农业技术推广服务中心, 湖北武穴 435404

收稿日期:2024-10-15 接受日期:2025-04-25 出版日期:2025-07-12 网络出版日期:2025-05-13
通讯作者: *陆志峰, E-mail: zhifenglu@mail.hzau.edu.cn
作者简介:E-mail: libinglin@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32272820);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301400);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12)

Effects of magnesium fertilization rates on rapeseed yield, magnesium uptake, and yield loss caused by frost damage

LI Bing-Lin¹(), YE Xiao-Lei¹, XIAO Hong¹, XIAO Guo-Bin², LYU Wei-Sheng², LIU Jun-Quan³, REN Tao¹, LU Zhi-Feng¹^,^*(), LU Jian-Wei¹

¹College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
²Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources, Nanchang 331717, Jiangxi, China
³Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Dafasi Town, Wuxue City, Hubei Province, Wuxue 435404, Hubei, China

Received:2024-10-15 Accepted:2025-04-25 Published:2025-07-12 Published online:2025-05-13
Contact: *E-mail: zhifenglu@mail.hzau.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272820);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2301400);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-12)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 长江流域冬油菜主产区一半以上土壤缺镁, 影响油菜生长发育和籽粒产量, 并可能加剧冻害对油菜的危害。为探究科学施镁肥对提高油菜产量和抗寒性的影响, 本研究基于2022/2023和2023/2024年在江西进贤及湖北武穴开展的不同镁肥用量(0、15和45 kg hm^-2 MgO)的田间试验, 以2022/2023年作参考, 对比了2023/2024年遭受低温冻害天气后的油菜籽产量及其构成因子、不同部位生物量、镁含量和地上部镁累积量等指标。结果表明, 与不施镁肥处理相比, 随着镁肥用量的增加, 油菜籽产量呈上升趋势(增幅为6.2%~34.9%), 同时施用镁肥降低了因低温冻害导致的产量损失(降幅为1.3%~8.9%)。与2022/2023季相比, 2023/2024季油菜地上部生物量和镁累积量平均降低了38.0%~47.4%和41.2%~50.6%, 施镁肥有效缓解了低温冻害对植株生物量的不利影响(降幅为4.0%~9.4%), 同时增加了油菜地上部的镁累积量(增幅为16.9%~46.0%)。施用镁肥主要通过减少低温冻害对直播油菜收获密度和每角粒数的不利影响来提高籽粒产量, 而对于移栽油菜而言, 则通过有效保证植株的单株角果数来提升油菜产量, 从而减轻低温冻害造成的影响。综上, 油菜遭受冻害后其产量和镁累积量显著下降, 施用镁肥可有效缓解低温冻害的不利影响, 且当镁肥用量为45 kg hm^-2 MgO时, 油菜增产及对低温冻害的抵抗效果最佳。

关键词: 镁肥用量, 冻害, 油菜产量, 产量构成, 镁累积量

Abstract:

Over 50% of soils in the primary winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production areas of the Yangtze River Basin are deficient in magnesium (Mg), which not only limits crop productivity but also increases susceptibility to low-temperature frost damage. To assess the effectiveness of Mg fertilization (0, 15, and 45 kg hm^-2 MgO) in enhancing yield and improving frost tolerance, a two-year field experiment was conducted across the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 growing seasons in Jinxian (Jiangxi province) and Wuxue (Hubei province). The 2022/2023 season, which was free of frost, was compared with the frost-affected 2023/2024 season. Comprehensive measurements were taken, including yield components, biomass allocation, Mg concentration, and Mg accumulation. Results showed a significant positive relationship between Mg application and yield performance. Compared to the control (no Mg), Mg fertilization increased yield by 6.2% to 34.9%, and reduced frost-induced yield losses by 1.3% to 8.9%. Despite the frost in 2023/2024 causing average reductions of 38.0%-47.4% in shoot biomass and 41.2%-50.6% in total Mg uptake, Mg fertilization mitigated these effects by reducing biomass loss by 4.0%-9.4% and increasing aboveground Mg accumulation by 16.9%-46.0%. In direct-sown rapeseed, Mg application primarily enhanced seed yield by alleviating frost-induced reductions in plant density and seeds per pod. In contrast, for transplanted rapeseed, Mg fertilization preserved pod numbers per plant, thereby supporting both yield and frost tolerance. Overall, these findings demonstrate that while frost significantly reduces rapeseed yield and Mg uptake, Mg fertilization—particularly at 45 kg MgO hm^-2—can effectively mitigate frost damage, resulting in improved yield and enhanced resilience.

Key words: magnesium fertilization rates, frost damage, oilseed rape yield, yield components, magnesium accumulation

李炳霖, 叶晓磊, 肖红, 肖国滨, 吕伟生, 刘君权, 任涛, 陆志峰, 鲁剑巍. 镁肥用量对油菜产量和镁吸收量及因冻害减产程度的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(7): 1850-1860.

LI Bing-Lin, YE Xiao-Lei, XIAO Hong, XIAO Guo-Bin, LYU Wei-Sheng, LIU Jun-Quan, REN Tao, LU Zhi-Feng, LU Jian-Wei. Effects of magnesium fertilization rates on rapeseed yield, magnesium uptake, and yield loss caused by frost damage[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1850-1860.

图/表 7

表1

图1

图2

表2

表3

表4

镁肥用量对2022/2023和2023/2024年油菜不同部位镁含量及镁累积量的影响"

试验地点 Experiment site	试验时间 Experiment time	镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (kg hm^-2)	镁含量Mg content
试验地点 Experiment site	试验时间 Experiment time	镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (kg hm^-2)	籽粒 Seed (g kg^-1)		茎秆 Stem (g kg^-1)		角壳 Pod wall (g kg^-1)
进贤 Jinxian	2022/2023	0	3.38±0.10 Ab		0.69±0.05 Ab		0.79±0.03 Bb
		15	3.52±0.04 Aa		0.75±0.02 Aab		0.83±0.05 Bb
		45	3.58±0.05 Aa		0.82±0.08 Ba		1.06±0.06 Ba
	2023/2024	0	2.99±0.10 Bb		0.77±0.05 Ab		0.93±0.08 Ab
		15	3.04±0.05 Bb		0.79±0.04 Ab		0.98±0.04 Ab
		45	3.27±0.17 Ba		0.92±0.04 Aa		1.20±0.04 Aa
试验时间 Experimental time (T)			**		**		**
镁肥用量 Mg application rate (Mg)			**		**		**
T×Mg			ns		ns		ns
武穴 Wuxue	2022/2023	0	3.09±0.03 Bb		1.61±0.04 Ab		2.18±0.16 Ac
		15	3.39±0.13 Ba		1.72±0.05 Ab		2.66±0.06 Ab
		45	3. 41±0.15 Ba		1.98±0.31 Aa		3.76±0.03 Aa
	2023/2024	0	3.56±0.13 Ab		1.02±0.15 Bc		2.13±0.14 Ab
		15	3.74±0.16 Aab		1.19±0.05 Bb		2.39±0.16 Bb
		45	3.93±0.08 Aa		1.51±0.07 Ba		2.85±0.15 Ba
试验时间 Experimental time (T)			**		**		**
镁肥用量 Mg application rate (Mg)			**		**		**
T×Mg			ns		ns		ns
试验地点 Experiment site	试验时间 Experiment time	镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (kg hm^-2)	镁累积量Mg accumulation
试验地点 Experiment site	试验时间 Experiment time	镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (kg hm^-2)	籽粒 Seed (kg hm^-2)	茎秆 Stem (kg hm^-2)		角壳 Pod wall (kg hm^-2)		总积累量 Total accumulation (kg hm^-2)
进贤 Jinxian	2022/2023	0	4.50±0.09 Ab	2.37±0.19 Ab		1.21±0.04 Ab		8.23±0.53 Ab
		15	5.10±0.16 Aab	2.98±0.06 Aab		1.33±0.09 Aab		9.42±0.28 Aab
		45	5.45±0.25 Aa	3.40±0.22 Aa		1.86±0.14 Aa		10.62±0.29 Aa
	2023/2024	0	2.71±0.13 Bb	1.44±0.13 Bb		0.74±0.06 Bc		4.89±0.06 Bc
		15	3.05±0.18 Bb	1.64±0.33 Bb		0.93±0.03 Bb		5.62±0.17 Bb
		45	3.66±0.38 Ba	2.15±0.11 Ba		1.19±0.09 Ba		7.00±0.48 Ba
试验时间 Experimental time (T)			**	**		**		**
镁肥用量 Mg application rate (Mg)			**	**		**		**
T×Mg			ns	ns		ns		ns
武穴 Wuxue	2022/2023	0	6.91±0.57 Ab	5.13±0.30 Ab		3.29±0.21 Ac		15.43±0.18 Ac
		15	7.84±0.69 Aab	5.49±0.05 Aab		4.20±0.43 Ab		17.53±0.77 Ab
		45	8.56±0.42 Aa	6.73±0.83 Aa		6.46±0.29 Aa		21.33±0.67 Aa
	2023/2024	0	3.45±0.83 Bb	1.74±0.35 Bb		1.61±0.09 Bb		6.79±1.08 Bb
		15	4.31±0.51 Bb	2.23±0.38 Bb		1.93±0.19 Bb		8.52±0.89 Bab
		45	5.28±0.64 Ba	3.55±0.40 Ba		2.94±0.41 Ba		11.77±1.71 Ba
试验时间 Experimental time (T)			**	**		**		**
镁肥用量 Mg application rate (Mg)			*	**		**		**
T×Mg			ns	ns		ns		ns

表4

图3

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地点 Experimental site	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)	有效镁 Available Mg (mg kg^-1)
江西进贤Jinxian, Jiangxi	5.4	27.5	1.40	17.1	70.6	91.0
湖北武穴Wuxue, Hubei	5.7	13.6	0.86	15.8	73.1	175.4

试验地点 Experimental site	试验时间 Experimental time	镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (kg hm^-2)	产量构成因子 Yield composition
试验地点 Experimental site	试验时间 Experimental time	镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (kg hm^-2)	收获密度 Harvest density (plants m^-2)	单株角果数 Pod number (No. plant^-1)	每角粒数 Seed per pod (No. pod^-1)	千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)
进贤 Jinxian	2022/2023	0	47.2±4.7 Aa	55.8±5.8 Ab	23.0±0.4 Aa	4.69±0.08 Aa
		15	49.3±3.0 Aa	57.9±3.4 Aab	23.3±0.7 Aa	4.73±0.16 Aa
		45	49.5±6.8 Aa	64.8±6.5 Aa	23.6±0.5 Aa	4.82±0.06 Aa
	2023/2024	0	36.0±1.7 Bb	58.0±8.1 Ab	18.9±0.4 Bb	3.56±0.05 Ba
		15	37.9±1.2 Bab	65.3±9.5 Aab	20.0±0.3 Bab	3.60±0.09 Ba
		45	39.9±1.0 Ba	70.6±2.9 Aa	21.0±0.2 Ba	3.66±0.04 Ba
试验时间 Experimental time (T)			**	ns	**	**
镁肥用量 Mg application rate (Mg)			ns	**	ns	ns
T×Mg			ns	ns	ns	ns
武穴 Wuxue	2022/2023	0	11.5 Aa	317.4±16.8 Ab	20.4±0.5 Aa	4.53±0.22 Aa
		15	11.5 Aa	327.8±17.8 Aab	21.1±1.0 Aa	4.52±0.26 Aa
		45	11.5 Aa	352.0±34.4 Aa	20.6±1.8 Aa	4.73±0.18 Aa
	2023/2024	0	11.5 Aa	233.3±8.6 Bb	18.9±0.5 Ab	3.30±0.18 Ba
		15	11.5 Aa	264.2±18.4 Bb	19.3±0.9 Aab	3.33±0.20 Ba
		45	11.5 Aa	331.3±16.9 Ba	20.7±1.1 Aa	3.50±0.29 Ba
试验时间 Experimental time (T)			—	**	*	**
镁肥用量 Mg application rate (Mg)			—	**	ns	ns
T×Mg			—	*	ns	ns

试验地点 Experimental site	试验时间 Experimental time	镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (kg hm^-2)	地上部生物量 Shoot biomass (kg hm^-2)
试验地点 Experimental site	试验时间 Experimental time	镁肥用量 Magnesium application rate (kg hm^-2)	籽粒 Seed (kg hm^-2)	茎秆 Stem (kg hm^-2)	角壳 Pod wall (kg hm^-2)	总生物量 Shoot biomass (kg hm^-2)
进贤 Jinxian	2022/2023	0	1330±28 Ab	3465±299 Ab	1537±83 Ab	6332±367 Ab
		15	1450±62 Aab	3974±141 Aa	1604±28 Aab	7028±214 Aa
		45	1523±64 Aa	4177±169 Aa	1761±108 Aa	7461±61 Aa
	2023/2024	0	904±20 Bc	1871±114 Bb	802±54 Bb	3576±124 Bc
		15	1004±51 Bb	2066±127 Bab	944±18 Bab	4015±89 Bb
		45	1117±143Ba	2343±111 Ba	996±84 Ba	4497±242 Ba
试验时间 Experimental time (T)			**	**	**	**
镁肥用量 Mg application rate (Mg)			**	**	**	**
T×Mg			ns	ns	ns	ns
武穴 Wuxue	2022/2023	0	2238±69 Ab	3181±124 Ab	1507±15 Ab	6933±69 Ab
		15	2377±114 Aab	3196±55 Ab	1573±123 Aab	7129±212 Ab
		45	2511±38 Aa	3418±128 Aa	1718±63 Aa	7722±210 Aa
	2023/2024	0	988±165 Bb	1690±125 Bb	756±55 Bb	3434±342 Bb
		15	1133±70 Bab	1918±118 Bab	809±56 Bab	3973±281 Bab
		45	1333±139 Ba	2353±238 Ba	1031±134 Ba	4915±566 Ba
试验时间 Experimental time (T)			**	**	**	**
镁肥用量 Mg application rate (Mg)			**	**	**	**
T×Mg			ns	ns	ns	ns

镁肥用量对油菜产量和镁吸收量及因冻害减产程度的影响

Effects of magnesium fertilization rates on rapeseed yield, magnesium uptake, and yield loss caused by frost damage

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