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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (9): 2371-2386.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51022

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦苗期耐旱耐盐种质筛选及抗旱耐盐综合评价

胡润慧1,2(), 汪军成1,3, 司二静1,3, 张宏1,3, 李兴茂4, 马小乐1,3, 孟亚雄1,3, 王化俊1,3, 刘青1,2, 姚立蓉1,3,*(), 李葆春1,2,*()   

  1. 1干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730070
    2甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
    3甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
    4甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所, 甘肃兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-27 接受日期:2025-06-01 出版日期:2025-09-12 网络出版日期:2025-06-11
  • 通讯作者: *李葆春, E-mail: libc@gsau.edu.com; 姚立蓉, E-mail: ylr0384@163.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 2319674543@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由甘肃省科技计划联合计划基金项目(24JRRA840);现代寒旱特色农业种业攻关项目(ZYGG-2025-3);现代寒旱特色农业种业攻关项目(ZYGG-2025-12-3);甘肃省重点人才项目(2023RCXM70);甘肃省科技厅重点研发项目(25YFNA032);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(25ZYJA002);甘肃省科技计划项目(24CXNA038);甘肃省自然科学基金重点项目(24JRRA637);甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-12);甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才计划(Gaufx-03Y06);甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才计划(Ufx-04Y011);国家重点实验室开放基金项目(GSCS-2021-05)

Screening of drought and salt tolerant germplasm during wheat seedling stage and comprehensive evaluation of drought and salt tolerance

HU Run-Hui1,2(), WANG Jun-Cheng1,3, SI Er-Jing1,3, ZHANG Hong1,3, LI Xing-Mao4, MA Xiao-Le1,3, MENG Ya-Xiong1,3, WANG Hua-Jun1,3, LIU Qing1,2, YAO Li-Rong1,3,*(), LI Bao-Chun1,2,*()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    3Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    4Dryland Agriculture Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2025-02-27 Accepted:2025-06-01 Published:2025-09-12 Published online:2025-06-11
  • Contact: *E-mail: libc@gsau.edu.com; E-mail: ylr0384@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Gansu Province Science and Technology Joint Plan Fund Project(24JRRA840);Modern Cold and Drought Characteristic Agricultural Seed Industry Research Project(ZYGG-2025-3);Modern Cold and Drought Characteristic Agricultural Seed Industry Research Project(ZYGG-2025-12-3);Key Talent Project of Gansu Province(2023RCXM70);Key Research and Development Project of Gansu Provincial Department of Science and Technology(25YFNA032);Central Guidance for Local Scientific and Technological Development Funding Projects(25ZYJA002);Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(24CXNA038);Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(24JRRA637);Industrial Support Project of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province(2021CYZC-12);Fuxi Young Talents Fund of Gansu Agricultural University(Gaufx-03Y06);Fuxi Young Talents Fund of Gansu Agricultural University(GAUfx-04Y011);State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science Open Fund(GSCS-2021-05)

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摘要：

通过建立小麦品种(系)抗旱耐盐评价体系, 筛选抗旱耐盐小麦种质, 以8份不同基因型小麦品种(系)为材料, 采用苗期水培法, 在干旱处理(20% PEG-6000)、盐处理(200 mmol L-1 NaCl)和双胁迫处理(20% PEG-6000+200 mmol L-1 NaCl)下, 测定各小麦品种在不同胁迫下的生物量、根系相关指标和生理指标等19个性状表征值, 计算各指标抗旱耐盐胁迫指数, 并利用综合隶属函数法进行主成分分析和聚类分析, 最终评价各小麦抗旱耐盐能力。与正常处理相比, 在3种胁迫条件下, 8份小麦品种叶片相对含水量整体呈下降趋势; 保护酶活性(SOD, POD和CAT)、质膜氧化程度(MDA含量)、脯氨酸含量在各小麦体内整体呈上升趋势; 而可溶性蛋白质含量在不同小麦品种间变化呈下降趋势; 根平均体积、根系表面积、根总长等指标呈上升趋势; 3种处理下, 指标的最高变异系数可达116.86%, 确定叶绿素含量(SPAD)、可溶性蛋白含量(SP)、根系表面积、根平均体积、根总长和根冠比6个指标可以作为评价不同小麦(系)抗旱耐盐能力的鉴定指标, 以此为依据, 对其进行系统聚类分析, 最终得到西农535、陇育11号、兰19、兰天10和陇紫麦1号抗旱性较强; 陇鉴114和西科麦510的耐盐性较强; 西农535和陇育11号在双胁迫处理下的表现性最好。

关键词: 小麦, 苗期, 抗旱耐盐, 筛选指标, 综合评价

Abstract:

A drought and salt stress evaluation system was established to screen for drought- and salt-tolerant wheat germplasm. Eight wheat genotypes (varieties/lines) were used as experimental materials, and hydroponic culture was employed at the seedling stage. Plants were subjected to drought stress (20% PEG-6000), salt stress (200 mmol L-1 NaCl), and combined stress (20% PEG-6000+200 mmol L-1 NaCl). A total of 19 traits, including biomass, root-related parameters, and physiological indices, were measured under each stress condition. Drought and salt tolerance indices were calculated for each trait, followed by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis using the comprehensive membership function method to evaluate the stress tolerance of the different wheat varieties. Compared with the control, leaf relative water content decreased to varying degrees under all three stress treatments. In contrast, protective enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT), membrane lipid peroxidation (MDA content), and proline accumulation showed overall increases. Soluble protein content declined across the different wheat varieties. Root morphological indicators such as average root volume, root surface area, and total root length generally increased under stress. The coefficient of variation among traits reached up to 116.86% across treatments. PCA was performed on the drought and salt tolerance indices of the 19 traits, and the comprehensive evaluation index (D value) was calculated using the membership function method. Multiple regression analysis identified chlorophyll content (SPAD), soluble protein content (SP), root surface area, average root volume, total root length, and root-to-crown ratio as key indicators for evaluating drought and salt tolerance in wheat lines. Systematic cluster analysis further revealed that Xinong 535, Longyu 11, Lan 19, Lantian 10, and Longzimai 1 exhibited strong drought resistance; Longjian 114 and Xikemai 510 showed strong salt tolerance; and Xinong 535 and Longyu 11 performed best under combined drought and salt stress.

Key words: wheat, seedling stage, drought resistant and salt tolerant, screening criteria, comprehensive evaluation

表1

3种胁迫处理下小麦各性状值"

性状
Trait		 正常处理Normal treatment 干旱处理Drought treatment
平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)
株高H (cm) 31.57 a 3.67 11.63 28.58 b 3.49 12.20
叶片鲜重FW (g) 0.26 a 0.08 30.18 0.18 b 0.08 44.03
叶片干重LDMC (g) 0.18 a 0.07 37.44 0.12 b 0.07 59.93
地上生物量AGB (g) 0.31 a 0.05 16.58 0.20 b 0.09 43.06
地下生物量BG (g) 0.17 a 0.04 25.64 0.12 b 0.03 22.78
叶绿素含量SPAD 2.25 a 0.29 12.78 1.52 b 0.62 40.59
超氧化歧物酶SOD 0.60 a 0.14 22.87 0.48 b 0.16 32.88
过氧化酶POD 0.50 a 0.15 29.88 0.35 bc 0.12 34.12
过氧化氢酶CAT 185.13 a 101.43 54.79 159.57 a 104.82 65.69
脯氨酸PRO 183.62 a 15.63 8.51 178.01 b 23.94 13.45
可溶性蛋白SP 0.39 a 0.22 57.19 0.33 a 0.25 74.33
丙二醛MDA 0.14 a 0.01 10.45 0.27 b 0.07 24.47
根冠比R/S 2.03 a 0.69 33.90 1.79 a 0.76 42.51
根总数量TNR 75.33 a 20.57 27.30 54.58 b 22.73 41.63
根尖数RTN 58.21 a 21.51 36.95 42.5 bc 22.17 52.17
根总长TRH (cm) 25.08 a 5.76 22.97 23.3 ab 6.44 27.66
根平均直径RAD (mm) 0.22 a 0.02 8.18 0.27 bc 0.04 15.02
根系表面积RSA (cm2) 294.27 a 96.89 32.93 279.12 a 83.92 30.07
根平均体积RVE (cm3) 39.35 a 18.92 48.08 35.71 a 14.07 39.40
性状
Trait		 盐处理Salting 双胁迫处理Dual coercion treatment
平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均值
Mean		 标准差
SD		 变异系数
CV (%)
株高H (cm) 26.30 c 3.42 13.00 24.76 c 3.98 16.06
叶片鲜重FW (g) 0.11 c 0.04 38.50 0.05 d 0.02 44.13
叶片干重LDMC (g) 0.10 b 0.04 38.63 0.03 c 0.02 58.80
地上生物量AGB (g) 0.12 c 0.05 36.49 0.07 d 0.02 34.43
地下生物量BG (g) 0.10 c 0.02 17.32 0.09 c 0.03 30.75
叶绿素含量SPAD 1.52 b 0.61 40.00 1.07 c 0.67 62.82
超氧化歧物酶SOD 0.46 b 0.17 36.50 0.25 c 0.20 82.27
过氧化酶POD 0.38 c 0.11 29.11 0.26 bd 0.27 102.11
过氧化氢酶CAT 156.30 a 110.80 70.89 127.28 a 126.40 99.31
脯氨酸PRO 171.36 bc 21.80 12.72 124.75 a 92.11 73.83
可溶性蛋白SP 0.30 a 0.23 75.38 0.13 b 0.16 116.86
丙二醛MDA 0.26 bc 0.04 16.52 0.19 d 0.14 73.61
根冠比R/S 1.34 b 0.54 4.05 0.90 c 0.26 29.33
根总数量TNR 63.50 b 24.96 39.31 51.54 b 24.18 46.92
根尖数RTN 52.54 ab 28.59 54.42 36.00 c 18.56 51.55
根总长TRH (cm) 21.49 b 6.04 28.12 20.62 b 6.14 29.80
根平均直径RAD (mm) 0.25 c 0.03 11.53 0.27 bd 0.04 14.52
根系表面积RSA (cm2) 249.77 a 75.36 30.17 252.59 a 89.56 35.46
根平均体积RVE (cm3) 31.46 a 13.20 41.95 32.72 a 15.37 46.97

图1

指标抗旱耐盐指数主成分散点图 缩写同表1。"

表2

PEG 胁迫条件下小麦苗期各综合指标载荷系数"

性状
Trait		 主成分 Principal component
PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6
株高H 0.22 0.32 0.03 0.18 -0.14 0.34
叶片鲜重FW 0.39 -0.05 0.12 0.19 0.02 -0.27
叶片干重LDMC 0.39 -0.06 0.01 0.17 -0.05 -0.24
地上生物量AGB 0.35 0.14 0.27 0.19 -0.03 -0.08
地下生物量BG 0.13 0.34 -0.24 0.23 0.10 -0.04
叶绿素含量SPAD 0.10 0.39 0.14 0.00 0.02 0.26
超氧化歧物SOD -0.05 -0.01 -0.10 0.21 0.63 0.20
过氧化酶POD 0.04 0.15 0.11 0.26 0.49 0.10
过氧化氢酶CAT -0.18 0.38 0.07 0.03 -0.03 -0.06
脯氨酸PRO 0.02 -0.23 0.39 -0.05 0.31 0.18
可溶性蛋白SP 0.03 0.42 -0.24 0.04 -0.13 -0.05
丙二醛MDA 0.19 -0.05 0.15 -0.19 -0.24 0.64
根冠比R/S 0.25 -0.11 0.45 0.03 -0.11 -0.03
根总数量TNR 0.19 0.22 0.11 -0.35 0.10 -0.35
根尖数RTN 0.12 0.11 0.14 -0.49 0.30 -0.15
根总长TRH 0.28 0.08 -0.20 -0.40 0.09 0.12
根平均直径RAD 0.22 -0.30 -0.19 0.31 -0.08 0.01
根系表面积RSA 0.33 -0.10 -0.36 -0.17 0.06 0.13
根平均体积RVE 0.27 -0.18 -0.37 -0.08 0.14 0.06
方差贡献率Variance contribution rate (%) 24.60 17.56 12.85 11.76 9.06 6.41
累计贡献率Cumulative (%) 24.60 42.17 55.01 66.77 75.84 82.25

表3

NaCl 胁迫条件下小麦苗期各综合指标载荷系数"

性状
Trait		 主成分 Principal component
PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6
株高H 0.33 0.05 0.06 -0.23 -0.04 -0.28
叶片鲜重FW 0.25 -0.31 0.25 -0.18 0.13 -0.08
叶片干重LDMC 0.01 0 0.25 0 0.59 0.37
地上生物量AGB 0.37 0.01 0.00 -0.04 0.24 0.18
地下生物量BG -0.01 0.54 -0.03 -0.09 0.28 -0.11
叶绿素含量SPAD 0.22 0.28 -0.45 -0.04 0.03 0.06
超氧化歧物SOD 0.21 -0.05 -0.07 -0.35 -0.22 0.29
过氧化酶POD 0.14 -0.17 0.16 -0.22 0.21 -0.13
过氧化氢酶CAT 0.16 0.17 -0.18 0.21 -0.20 0.21
脯氨酸PRO -0.06 -0.30 -0.12 0.46 -0.04 0.11
可溶性蛋白SP 0.17 0.36 0.14 -0.12 -0.34 0.21
丙二醛MDA 0.10 0.11 -0.47 0.11 0.43 0.02
根冠比R/S 0.34 -0.23 0.02 0.02 0.09 0.20
根总数量TNR 0.34 -0.06 -0.11 -0.03 -0.14 0.17
根尖数RTN 0.20 -0.22 -0.14 0.39 -0.05 0.11
根总长TRH 0.24 0.07 0.02 0.26 0.06 -0.55
根平均直径RAD -0.14 0.30 0.36 0.27 0.08 0.27
根系表面积RSA 0.31 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.02 -0.24
根平均体积RVE 0.24 0.16 0.38 0.25 -0.15 0.09
方差贡献率Variance contribution rate (%) 29.15 13.86 10.67 9.82 8.09 6.23
累计贡献率Cumulative (%) 29.15 43.01 53.68 63.50 71.58 77.82

表4

双胁迫条件下小麦苗期各综合指标载荷系数"

性状
Trait		 主成分 Principal component
PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6
高H 0.16 0.16 -0.02 0.49 -0.37 -0.06
叶片鲜重FW 0.27 -0.10 0.29 0.06 -0.05 -0.48
叶片干重LDMC 0.24 0.03 0.20 0.07 0.51 -0.29
地上生物量AGB 0.21 0.02 0.46 0.07 -0.16 -0.10
地下生物量BG 0.23 -0.36 -0.15 -0.08 0.11 -0.12
叶绿素含量SPAD 0.26 -0.25 0.12 -0.31 0.12 0.12
超氧化歧物SOD -0.28 0.15 0.29 0.10 0.07 0.03
过氧化酶POD -0.14 0.30 -0.08 0.38 0.18 0.03
过氧化氢酶CAT 0.20 -0.15 0.26 -0.13 -0.20 0.54
脯氨酸PRO -0.17 0.23 0.20 -0.37 0.10 -0.20
可溶性蛋白SP 0.25 -0.24 0.20 0.22 -0.21 0.10
丙二醛MDA 0.06 0.33 0.04 -0.38 -0.18 -0.11
根冠比R/S -0.06 0.29 0.45 0.02 -0.17 0.09
根总数量TNR 0.33 0.10 -0.15 0.11 -0.01 -0.30
根尖数RTN 0.30 0.20 -0.27 -0.11 -0.08 0.12
根总长TRH 0.22 0.35 0.01 -0.24 0.05 0.05
根平均直径RAD -0.17 -0.20 0.30 0.14 0.41 0.15
根系表面积RSA 0.30 0.27 -0.01 0.01 0.24 0.24
根平均体积RVE 0.28 0.21 -0.03 0.21 0.34 0.31
方差贡献率Variance contribution rate (%) 29.10 21.99 11.96 7.81 7.17 6.65
累计贡献率Cumulative(%) 29.10 51.09 63.05 70.86 78.03 84.69

图2

小麦苗期各性状抗旱耐盐胁迫指数与抗旱耐盐综合评价值(D)的相关系数"

表5

小麦品种抗旱最优模型预测"

多元回归方程
Multiple regression equation		 决定系数
R2		 F值
F-value		 P值
P-value
D = -1.23+1.87X1 0.35 11.66 0.002
D = -1.27+1.82X1+0.10X2 0.35 5.60 0.011
D = -2.17+1.33X1+0.62X2+0.83X3 0.63 11.14 <0.001
D = -2.52+1.25X1+0.56X2+0.83X3+0.48X4 0.67 9.50 <0.001
D = -2.60+1.37X1+0.54X2+0.80X3+0.13X4+0.37X5 0.68 7.71 <0.001
D = -2.62+1.45X1+0.56X2+0.81X3-0.46X4-0.40X5+0.38X6 0.69 6.29 0.001

表6

小麦品种耐盐最优模型预测"

多元回归方程
Multiple regression equation		 决定系数
R2		 F值
F-value		 P值
P-value
D = -1.03+1.55X1 0.22 6.24 0.02
D = -1.47+1.11X1+1.00X2 0.36 5.95 0.009
D = -2.10+0.65X1+1.02X2+1.31X3 0.65 12.65 <0.001
D = -2.70+0.45X1+1.00X2+1.10X3+1.01X4 0.76 15.4 <0.001
D = -2.83+0.53X1+0.57X2+0.76X3-0.31X4+2.02X5 0.88 25.55 <0.001
D = -2.84+0.54X1+0.55X2+0.76X3-0.26X4+1.93X5+0.05X6 0.88 20.12 <0.001

表7

小麦品种抗旱耐盐最优模型预测"

多元回归方程
Multiple regression equation		 决定系数
R2		 F值
F-value		 P值
P-value
D = -0.33+0.51X1 0.06 0.82 0.38
D = -0.31+0.22X1+0.49X2 0.10 0.71 0.51
D = -1.07+0.54X1+0.55X2+1.13X3 0.33 1.99 0.17
D = -1.80+0.26X1+0.0.71X2+0.63X3+1.32X4 0.72 7.02 0.005
D = -1.63+0.07X1+0.55X2+0.62X3+0.0.06X4+1.22X5 0.88 14.49 <0.001
D = -1.72+0.19X1+0.51X2+0.63X3+0.75X4-0.23X5+0.82X6 0.91 14.06 <0.001

图3

不同小麦品种(系)不同胁迫条件下抗旱耐盐能力的系统聚力图 缩写同表1。LZM 1: 陇紫麦1号; XN 535: 西农535; LY 11: 陇育11号; XKM 510: 西科麦510; LT10: 兰天10; L19: 兰19; LJ 114: 陇鉴114; LT15: 兰天15号。"

图4

不同抗旱性小麦品种(系)农艺性状综合评价 缩写同表1。*: P < 0.05。I: 干旱处理, II: 盐处理, III: 干旱加盐处理。"

图5

不同耐盐性小麦品种(系)农艺性状综合评价 缩写同表1。处理同图4。*: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001。"

图6

不同抗旱耐盐小麦品种(系)农艺性状综合评价 缩写同表1。处理同图4。*: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01。"

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